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{{Short description|Czech-American businesswoman (1949–2022)}}
{{Short description|Czech-American businesswoman and victim of rape by former President Donald J. Trump(1949–2022)}}
{{Distinguish|text = her daughter [[Ivanka Trump]]}}{{Redirect|Zelníčková|the Slovak tennis player|Radka Zelníčková}}
{{Distinguish|text = her daughter [[Ivanka Trump]]}}{{Redirect|Zelníčková|the Slovak tennis player|Radka Zelníčková}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2019}}

Revision as of 03:52, 11 July 2024

Not to be confused with her daughter Ivanka Trump.
"Zelníčková" redirects here. For the Slovak tennis player, see Radka Zelníčková.

Ivana Trump
Trump in 2007
Born
Ivana Marie Zelníčková

(1949-02-20)February 20, 1949
Gottwaldov, Czechoslovakia
DiedJuly 14, 2022(2022-07-14) (aged 73)
New York City, U.S.
Resting placeTrump National Golf Club, Bedminster, New Jersey, U.S.
40°39′13″N 74°41′49″W / 40.6536°N 74.6969°W / 40.6536; -74.6969
Citizenship
  • Czechoslovakia (until 1993)
  • Czech Republic (from 1993)
  • United States (from 1988)
  • Austria (from 1973)
EducationCharles University
Occupations
  • Businesswoman
  • socialite
  • model
  • designer
  • author
Years active1970–2022
Spouses
Alfred Winklmayr
​
​
(m. 1971; div. 1973)​
​
​
(m. 1977; div. 1990)​
Riccardo Mazzucchelli
​
​
(m. 1995; div. 1997)​
Rossano Rubicondi
​
​
(m. 2008; div. 2009)​
Children
FamilyTrump

Ivana Marie Trump (née Zelníčková, Czech: [ˈzɛlɲiːtʃkovaː]; February 20, 1949 – July 14, 2022) was a Czech-American businesswoman, socialite, and model. She lived in Canada in the 1970s, before relocating to the United States and marrying Donald Trump in 1977. She held key managerial positions in The Trump Organization, as vice president of interior design, as CEO and president of Trump's Castle casino resort, and as manager of the Plaza Hotel.

Ivana and Donald Trump were prominent figures in New York society throughout the 1980s. The couple's divorce, granted in 1990, was the subject of extensive media coverage.[a] Following the divorce, she developed her own lines of clothing, fashion jewelry, and beauty products which were sold on QVC UK and the Home Shopping Network. She wrote an advice column for Globe called "Ask Ivana" from 1995 through 2010, and published several books, including works of fiction, self-help, and the autobiography Raising Trump.

Early life and education

Ivana Marie Zelníčková was born on February 20, 1949, in Gottwaldov, Czechoslovakia (now Zlín, Czech Republic), the daughter of Miloš Zelníček and Marie Zelníčková (née Francová).[2][3][4] She was raised in a Catholic household.[5] Her father was an electrical engineer and her mother worked as a telephone operator.[6] Her father encouraged his daughter's skiing abilities, a practice she began at age four.[6][7] After developing skills as a skier, Ivana joined the junior national ski team, which offered her opportunities to travel beyond the Soviet-era communist boundaries of what was then the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.[6] She attended Charles University in Prague and earned a master's degree in physical education in 1972.[8][7] In 1970, Ivana appeared on Czechoslovak Television in the children's television series Pan Tau.[9]

In 1988, Trump told journalists that she was selected as an alternate on the Czechoslovak ski team during the 1972 Winter Olympics, specializing in downhill and slalom.[10][7] The following year, Petr Pomezný, Secretary General of the Czechoslovak Olympic Committee, denied the claim and stated that, despite searching extensively, no record could be found of her involvement.[8] In 2021, Snopes reported that Czechoslovakia had not sent women alpine skiers to the 1972 Winter Olympics.[11]

Emigration to Canada

In 1971, Zelníčková married Alfred Winklmayr, an Austrian ski instructor and her platonic friend, in order to obtain Austrian citizenship.[12][13][14] The marriage granted her the freedom to leave Czechoslovakia without defection so she could retain the right to return to visit her parents.[12][15][13][16] As Ivana Winklmayr, she received her Austrian passport in March 1972.[14] The following year, she obtained an absentee divorce from Alfred Winklmayr in Los Angeles, California, where he had moved to teach skiing.[12][15][14]

Zelníčková was romantically involved with the lyricist and playwright George (Jiři) Staidl who was killed in a car accident in 1973.[17] After Staidl's death, Zelníčková moved to Canada where she lived with George (Jiři) Syrovatka whom she had dated since 1967; Syrovatka had defected to Canada in 1971 and owned a ski boutique in Montreal.[15][12][16] She claimed at the time to be married to Syrovatka, though the two never wed.[18][19] Zelníčková worked as a ski instructor while living in Canada.[20] She lived in Montreal for two years where she continued to improve her English via night courses at McGill University.[16] Working as a model, Zelníčková told the Montreal Gazette in 1975 that she considered modelling to be a job, rather than a career.[21] Her modelling clients included Eaton's department store and the fashion designer Auckie Sanft, along with promotional work for the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.[16]

Marriage to Donald Trump

Ivana and Donald Trump in receiving line of state dinner for King Fahd of Saudi Arabia in 1985, with U.S. president Ronald Reagan and First Lady Nancy Reagan

Ivana was in New York City with a group of models in 1976 when she met Donald Trump.[16] On April 9, 1977, the couple married at Marble Collegiate Church in a wedding officiated by Norman Vincent Peale.[22][23][24][25] They became tabloid figures in New York society during the 1980s and worked together on several large projects, including the Trump Tower on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, the renovation of the Grand Hyatt Hotel in New York City, and the construction of the Trump Taj Mahal Casino Resort in Atlantic City, New Jersey.[26][27]

Ivana (on the right) and Estée Lauder at a Red Cross ball in Palm Beach in 1986
Ivana greeting First Lady Barbara Bush in 1990

During the marriage, Ivana and Donald had three children: Donald Jr. (born 1977), Ivana (Ivanka) Marie (born 1981), and Eric (born 1984). Donald Jr. learned to speak fluent Czech (with the help of his maternal grandfather), while Ivanka gained only a basic understanding of her mother's native tongue, and Eric was not exposed to the language since, by the time of his birth, his grandparents were comfortable using English.[28][29]

A reviewer of the 2018 Netflix documentary miniseries on Donald, Trump: An American Dream, described Ivana as a "charismatic workaholic, a career woman, an equal", and a life partner deliberately chosen by Trump to "work beside him and challenge him."[30]

The Trumps' troubled marriage became the subject of public interest over the Christmas holiday in 1989 when—on vacation in Aspen, Colorado—they were observed fighting after Ivana encountered Donald's mistress Marla Maples.[31] The Chicago Tribune reported that by February 1990, Donald had locked Ivana out of her office at the Plaza Hotel, and a legal battle ensued over the legitimacy of the four prenuptial agreements the pair had successively negotiated over the years.[31]

In October 1990, Ivana's 63-year-old father, Miloš Zelníček, died suddenly from a heart attack. According to The Guardian, her father was an informer for Czechoslovakia's Státní bezpečnost (StB) intelligence service who relayed information from his daughter, including a correct prediction that George H. W. Bush would win the 1988 presidential election.[32] Despite their marital troubles and pending divorce, Donald stood at her side at her father's funeral in Zlín[33] held in November 1990.[32]

The Trumps' divorce proceedings received worldwide publicity.[34] Front-page coverage appeared in New York tabloid newspapers for eleven days in a row, and the story was the subject of Liz Smith's entire news coverage for three months.[35] In a deposition relating to their divorce, Ivana accused Donald of rape and of pulling out handsfuls of her hair when his plastic surgery to alter his hairline failed.[36] In Harry Hurt III's book Lost Tycoon: The Many Lives of Donald J. Trump, she confirmed that she had "felt violated". However, in a statement provided by Donald and his lawyers, she said that she had used the word "rape", but she did not "want [her] words to be interpreted in a literal or criminal sense."[37] The uncontested divorce was granted in December 1990 on the grounds of cruel and inhumane treatment by Donald.[34][38] Ivana had to sign a non-disclosure agreement as a condition of the divorce settlement, and she was required to seek Donald's permission before publicly discussing their marriage.[37][39] The New York Times reported in 1991 that Ivana's divorce settlement included $14 million, a 45-room Connecticut mansion, an apartment in the Trump Plaza, and the use of Mar-a-Lago for one month a year.[1]

Career

During her marriage to Donald, Ivana took on major roles in The Trump Organization, working as a senior executive for seven years,[40] including executive vice president for interior design.[41][27] She led the interior design of Trump Tower with its signature pink marble.[41] Ivana was appointed CEO[42][43] and president of the Trump Castle Hotel and Casino in Atlantic City, later becoming the manager of the Plaza Hotel in Manhattan.[44]

Business ventures

Soon after the divorce, Ivana developed lines of clothing, fashion jewelry, and beauty products which have been sold through television shopping channels, including the Home Shopping Network[45] and QVC London.[46] In 1995, she presided over the House of Ivana, a fashion and fragrance company with a showroom located on Park Avenue in New York.[45]

In 1998, she pursued business interests in Croatia (a vacation destination her parents frequently visited), which included the purchase of 33% of the nation's second largest daily newspaper, Polo+10.[47][48]

The Ivana-branded Bentley Bay development in Miami, Florida, filed for bankruptcy in 2004.[49] The following year, she was involved in several proposed condominium projects, including the never-built Ivana Las Vegas.[49][50]

In 2010, she sued Finnish fashion company Ivana Helsinki, accusing it of selling women's clothing that incorporated her name without permission.[51]

Writing

Trump wrote several books, including For Love Alone (1992), Free to Love, (1993) and a self-help book called The Best Is Yet to Come: Coping with Divorce and Enjoying Life Again (1995).[52] Trump wrote an advice column about love and life for Globe, titled Ask Ivana, from June 1995 through January 2010.[53][54]

In February 1999, Trump launched her own lifestyle magazine titled Ivana's Living in Style.[55] She contributed an advice column for Divorce Magazine in 2001.[56]

Trump released an autobiography, Raising Trump, in 2017. It covered her own upbringing and the early years of raising her children with Donald.[57][58]

Media appearances

Ivana Trump at the Life Ball 2009 in Vienna

Ivana and Donald made several appearances together on television programs including The Oprah Winfrey Show in April 1988,[59] followed by the BBC's Wogan in May 1988.[60] After her divorce from Donald, Ivana was interviewed by Barbara Walters for ABC's 20/20. In 1991, Donald cut off her alimony payments after the interview and announced his intention to sue Ivana for monetary damages.[61] She returned to The Oprah Winfrey Show in 1992 with the message, "I will not let men dominate me anymore."[62]

Trump had a cameo role in the Hollywood film The First Wives Club (1996) with the line, "Ladies, you have to be strong and independent. And remember: don't get mad, get everything."[63] She was the host of a reality TV special titled Ivana Young Man, which aired on Oxygen Network in 2006. In the reality dating program, she helped a wealthy, middle-aged woman find a younger partner.[20] In 2010, Trump appeared in UK television series, Celebrity Big Brother 7, which she placed 7th.[20]

Personal life

Ivana Trump was married four times. Her first marriage, to Alfred Winklmayr, was for the goal of securing Austrian nationality.[6]

Ivana was married to Donald from 1977 to 1990, and they had three children, Donald Jr. in 1977, Ivanka in 1981, and Eric in 1984.[64] She became a naturalized United States citizen in 1988.[65][66]

Trump married Italian entrepreneur and international businessman Riccardo Mazzucchelli in November 1995.[67][68] They divorced in 1997.[69] That same year, she filed a $15 million breach of contract suit against Mazzucchelli for violating the confidentiality clause in their prenuptial agreement,[70] while Mazzucchelli sued Ivana and her ex-husband Donald in a British court for libel.[68] The suit was later settled under undisclosed terms.[69]

In the summer of 1997, she began dating Italian aristocrat Count Roffredo Gaetani dell'Aquila d'Aragona Lovatelli.[71] Their relationship continued until his death in 2005.[72]

Trump dated Italian actor and model Rossano Rubicondi for six years before they married on April 12, 2008.[73][74] The marriage to Rubicondi, 36, was the fourth for Ivana, who was 23 years his senior at the age of 59.[74] The couple's $3 million wedding for 400 guests was hosted by ex-husband Donald at Mar-a-Lago with daughter Ivanka as her maid of honor.[75] The wedding was officiated by Ivana Trump's ex-sister-in-law Judge Maryanne Trump Barry.[74] Although Ivana and Rubicondi divorced less than a year later, their on-again, off-again relationship continued until 2019, when Ivana announced they had once again "called it quits".[20][76] Rubicondi died on October 29, 2021, at the age of 49, reportedly from melanoma.[77][78]

Trump had 10 grandchildren.[79] In the late 2010s, she reportedly split her time between New York City, Miami, and Saint-Tropez.[20] She stated she was fluent in Czech, English, German, French, and Russian.[41]

FBI inquiry

On February 14, 1989, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) headquarters in Washington, D.C., recommended a preliminary inquiry into Trump's connections to Czechoslovakia based on information from a confidential source. The inquiry was initiated by the FBI New York Field Office the following week, and is reported to have spanned at least two years.[80][81] In March 2023, it was revealed that Ivana was investigated by the FBI's counterintelligence division into allegations connected to her native Czechoslovakia.[82]

Death

On July 14, 2022, aged 73, Trump, who was reportedly frail in her last months, died of blunt impact injuries to the torso after falling down stairs at her home on the Upper East Side of Manhattan.[83][84] Her ex-husband, former U.S. president Donald Trump and their three children, alongside a number of politicians and celebrities, posted condolences on social media.[85][64] Her funeral was held on July 20 at the Church of St. Vincent Ferrer, a Roman Catholic church near her home.[86] Ivana was buried at the Trump National Golf Club Bedminster in Bedminster, New Jersey.[87]

Ivana left behind an estate worth $32 million. In her will, the majority of her assets were to be divided among Donald Jr., Ivanka, and Eric. Other beneficiaries include personal friend Evelyne Galet and the family's former nanny, Dorothy Curry.[88]

Films and television

Written works

Title Year Publisher ISBN / ASIN
For Love Alone 1992 Pocket Books ISBN 978-0671790882
Free to Love 1993 Atria ISBN 978-0671743710
The Best Is Yet to Come: Coping with Divorce and Enjoying Life Again 1995 Pocket Books ISBN 978-0671865696
Raising Trump: Family Values from America's First Mother 2017 Gallery Books ISBN 978-1501177293

Awards and honors

Notes

  1. ^ Coverage of the case continued until 1991; when they reached a post-divorce settlement.[1]

References

Citations

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  2. ^ Hurt III 1993, p. 96.
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