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[[Islamic science|Science in the Islamic world]] has played an important role in the [[history of science]]. There have also been some notable Muslim scientists in the present day. The following is an '''incomplete list of notable Muslim scientists'''.
[[Islamic science|Science in the Islamic world]] has played an important role in the [[history of science]]. There have also been some notable Muslim scientists in the present day. The following is an '''incomplete list of notable Muslim scientists'''.

⚫
== Political Science==

⚫
* [[Imam Khomeini]]


== Astronomers and Astrophysicists==
== Astronomers and Astrophysicists==
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* [[Sake Dean Mahomet]]
* [[Sake Dean Mahomet]]
* [[Salimuzzaman Siddiqui]]
* [[Salimuzzaman Siddiqui]]
* [[Ahmed H. Zewail]], [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]], 1999<ref>[http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/index.html All Nobel Laureates in Chemistry], [[Nobel Prize]]</ref>
* [[Ahmed H. Zewail]], [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]], 1999<ref>[http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates All Nobel Laureates in Chemistry], [[Nobel Prize]]</ref>
* [[Ali Eftekhari]]
* [[Ali Eftekhari]]


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{{see also|List of Muslim historians|Historiography of early Islam}}
{{see also|List of Muslim historians|Historiography of early Islam}}


*[[Muhammad]] (570-632), pioneer of [[corporate social responsibility]]<ref>Jawed A. Mohammed PhD and Alfred Oehlers (2007), [http://repositoryaut.lconz.ac.nz/theses/1324 Corporate social responsibility in Islam], School of Business, [[Auckland University of Technology]].</ref>
*[[Muhammad]] (570-632), discussed [[corporate social responsibility]]<ref>Jawed A. Mohammed PhD and Alfred Oehlers (2007), [http://repositoryaut.lconz.ac.nz/theses/1324 Corporate social responsibility in Islam], School of Business, [[Auckland University of Technology]].</ref>
*[[Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man]] (699-767), [[economist]]
*[[Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man]] (699-767), [[economist]]
*[[Abu Yusuf]] (731-798), economist
*[[Abu Yusuf]] (731-798), economist
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{{see|Muslim Agricultural Revolution}}
{{see|Muslim Agricultural Revolution}}


* [[Muhammad]], pioneer of [[environmental philosophy]]<ref>S. Nomanul Haq, "Islam", in Dale Jamieson (2001), ''A Companion to Environmental Philosophy'', pp. 111-129 [119-129], [[Blackwell Publishing]], ISBN 140510659X.</ref>
* [[Muhammad]], discussed [[environmental philosophy]]<ref>S. Nomanul Haq, "Islam", in Dale Jamieson (2001), ''A Companion to Environmental Philosophy'', pp. 111-129 [119-129], [[Blackwell Publishing]], ISBN 140510659X.</ref>
* [[Al-Masudi]], the "Herodotus of the Arabs", and pioneer of [[historical geography]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9051339 Mas'udi, al-." ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', 2006.</ref>
* [[Al-Masudi]], the "Herodotus of the Arabs", and pioneer of [[historical geography]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9051339 Mas'udi, al-." ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', 2006.</ref>
* [[Al-Kindi]], pioneer of [[environmental science]]<ref>L. Gari (2002), "Arabic Treatises on Environmental Pollution up to the End of the Thirteenth Century", ''Environment and History'' '''8''' (4), pp. 475-488.</ref>
* [[Al-Kindi]], pioneer of [[environmental science]]<ref>L. Gari (2002), "Arabic Treatises on Environmental Pollution up to the End of the Thirteenth Century", ''Environment and History'' '''8''' (4), pp. 475-488.</ref>
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== Neuroscientists and Psychologists ==
== Neuroscientists and Psychologists ==
{{see|Early Muslim sociology}}
{{see|Muslim psychology}}


* [[Muhammad]], pioneer of [[Mental disorder|mental illness]]<ref name=Talib/>
* [[Muhammad]], discussed [[mental health]]<ref name=Talib/>
⚫
* [[Ibn Sirin]] (654–728), author of work on [[dream]]s and [[dream interpretation]]<ref name=Amber-375>Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", ''Journal of Religion and Health'' '''43''' (4): 357-377 [375].</ref>
* [[Al-Kindi]] (Alkindus), pioneer of [[psychotherapy]] and [[music therapy]]<ref name=Saoud>{{cite web |url=http://www.muslimheritage.com/uploads/Music2.pdf |title=The Arab Contribution to the Music of the Western World |accessdate=2007-01-12 |format=PDF |author= Saoud, R}}</ref>
* [[Al-Kindi]] (Alkindus), pioneer of [[psychotherapy]] and [[music therapy]]<ref name=Saoud>{{cite web |url=http://www.muslimheritage.com/uploads/Music2.pdf |title=The Arab Contribution to the Music of the Western World |accessdate=2007-01-12 |format=PDF |author= Saoud, R}}</ref>
* [[Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari]], pioneer of [[psychiatry]], [[clinical psychiatry]] and [[clinical psychology]]<ref name=Amber>Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions
* [[Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari]], pioneer of [[psychiatry]], [[clinical psychiatry]] and [[clinical psychology]]<ref name=Amber>Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", ''Journal of Religion and Health'' '''43''' (4): 357-377 [361]</ref>
⚫
of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", ''Journal of Religion and Health'' '''43''' (4): 357-377 [361]</ref>
* [[Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi]], pioneer of [[mental health]],<ref name=Talib>Nurdeen Deuraseh and Mansor Abu Talib (2005), "Mental health in Islamic medical tradition", ''The International Medical Journal'' '''4''' (2), p. 76-79.</ref> [[medical psychology]], [[cognitive psychology]], [[cognitive therapy]], [[psychophysiology]] and [[psychosomatic medicine]]<ref>Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", ''Journal of Religion and Health'' '''43''' (4): 357-377 [362]</ref>
* [[Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi]], pioneer of [[mental health]],<ref name=Talib>Nurdeen Deuraseh and Mansor Abu Talib (2005), "Mental health in Islamic medical tradition", ''The International Medical Journal'' '''4''' (2), p. 76-79.</ref> [[medical psychology]], [[cognitive psychology]], [[cognitive therapy]], [[psychophysiology]] and [[psychosomatic medicine]]<ref>Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", ''Journal of Religion and Health'' '''43''' (4): 357-377 [362]</ref>
* [[Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi]] (Rhazes), pioneer of [[psychiatric hospital]]
* [[Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi]] (Rhazes), pioneer of [[psychiatric hospital]]
Line 259: Line 256:
{{See|Islamic medicine}}
{{See|Islamic medicine}}


* [[Muhammad]], pioneer of [[Infectious disease|contagion]]<ref name=Conrad>Lawrence I. Conrad and Dominik Wujastyk (2000), ''Contagion: Perspectives from Pre-Modern Societies'', "A Ninth-Century Muslim Scholar's Discussion". [[Ashgate]], ISBN 0754602583.</ref><ref>Michael W. Dols (1983), "The Leper in Medieval Islamic Society", ''Speculum'' '''58''' (4), p. 891-916.</ref>
* [[Muhammad]], discussed [[Infectious disease|contagion]]<ref name=Conrad>Lawrence I. Conrad and Dominik Wujastyk (2000), ''Contagion: Perspectives from Pre-Modern Societies'', "A Ninth-Century Muslim Scholar's Discussion". [[Ashgate]], ISBN 0754602583.</ref><ref>Michael W. Dols (1983), "The Leper in Medieval Islamic Society", ''Speculum'' '''58''' (4), p. 891-916.</ref> and early Islamic medical treatments<ref name=Deuraseh>Nurdeen Deuraseh, "Ahadith of the Prophet (s.a.w) on Healing in Three Things (al-Shifa’ fi Thalatha): An Interpretational", ''Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine'', 2003 (4): 14-20.</ref>
* [[Calid|Khalid ibn Yazid]] (Calid)
* [[Calid|Khalid ibn Yazid]] (Calid)
* [[Jafar al-Sadiq]]
* [[Jafar al-Sadiq]]
Line 300: Line 297:


== Physicists ==
== Physicists ==
{{moresources}}

* [[Jafar al-Sadiq]], 8th century
* [[Jafar al-Sadiq]], 8th century
* [[Banū Mūsā]] (Ben Mousa), 9th century
* [[Banū Mūsā]] (Ben Mousa), 9th century
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* [[Ibn Yunus]], 10th century
* [[Ibn Yunus]], 10th century
* [[Al-Karaji]], 10th century
* [[Al-Karaji]], 10th century
* [[Ibn al-Haytham]] (Alhacen), 11th century [[Iraq]]i scientist, father of [[optics]], pioneer of [[scientific method]] and [[experimental physics]], considered the "first [[scientist]]"
* [[Ibn al-Haytham]] (Alhacen), 11th century [[Iraq]]i scientist, father of [[optics]],<ref name=Deek>Dr. Mahmoud Al Deek. "Ibn Al-Haitham: Master of Optics, Mathematics, Physics and Medicine", ''Al Shindagah'', November-December 2004.</ref> pioneer of [[scientific method]]<ref>Rosanna Gorini (2003), "Al-Haytham the Man of Experience: First Steps in the Science of Vision", ''International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine'', Institute of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology, Rome, Italy.</ref> and [[experimental physics]],<ref>Rüdiger Thiele (2005). "In Memoriam: Matthias Schramm", ''Arabic Sciences and Philosophy'' '''15''', p. 329–331. [[Cambridge University Press]].</ref> considered the "first [[scientist]]"<ref>Bradley Steffens (2006), ''Ibn al-Haytham: First Scientist'', Morgan Reynolds Publishing, ISBN 1599350246.</ref>
* [[Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī]], 11th century, pioneer of [[:Category:Experimental mechanics|experimental mechanics]]
* [[Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī]], 11th century, pioneer of [[:Category:Experimental mechanics|experimental mechanics]]<ref>Mariam Rozhanskaya and I. S. Levinova (1996), "Statics", in Roshdi Rashed, ed., ''[[Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science]]'', Vol. 2, p. 614-642 [642], [[Routledge]], London and New York.</ref>
* [[Avicenna]], 11th century
* [[Avicenna]], 11th century
* [[Al-Khazini]], 12th century
* [[Al-Khazini]], 12th century
Line 321: Line 316:
* [[Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi]] (Nathanel), 12th century
* [[Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi]] (Nathanel), 12th century
* [[Averroes]], 12th century [[Al-Andalus|Andalusian]] mathematician, philosopher and medical expert
* [[Averroes]], 12th century [[Al-Andalus|Andalusian]] mathematician, philosopher and medical expert
* [[Al-Jazari]], 13th century civil engineer, father of [[robotics]], father of modern [[engineering]]
* [[Al-Jazari]], 13th century civil engineer, father of [[robotics]],<ref name=Vallely>Paul Vallely, [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20060311/ai_n16147544 How Islamic Inventors Changed the World], ''[[The Independent]]'', 11 March 2006.</ref> father of modern [[engineering]]<ref>[http://www.mtestudios.com/news_100_years.htm 1000 Years of Knowledge Rediscovered at Ibn Battuta Mall], MTE Studios.</ref>
* [[Nasir al-Din Tusi]], 13th century
* [[Nasir al-Din Tusi]], 13th century
* [[Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi]], 13th century
* [[Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi]], 13th century
Line 337: Line 332:
* [[Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie]], 20th century [[Indonesia]]n aerospace engineer and president
* [[Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie]], 20th century [[Indonesia]]n aerospace engineer and president
* [[Abdul Qadeer Khan]], [[Pakistan]]i nuclear physicist
* [[Abdul Qadeer Khan]], [[Pakistan]]i nuclear physicist
* [[Abdus Salam]], Pakistani physicist; [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] 1977
* [[Abdus Salam]], Pakistani physicist; [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] 1977<ref>[http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates All Nobel Laureates in Physics], [[Nobel Prize]]</ref>
* [[Abdul Kalam]], [[India]]n nuclear physicist
* [[Abdul Kalam]], [[India]]n nuclear physicist
* [[Mehran Kardar]], Iranian theoretical physicist
* [[Mehran Kardar]], Iranian theoretical physicist
* [[Cumrun Vafa]], Iranian mathematical physicist
* [[Cumrun Vafa]], Iranian mathematical physicist
* [[Nima Arkani-Hamed]], American-born Iranian physicist
* [[Nima Arkani-Hamed]], American-born Iranian physicist

⚫
== Political Scientists==
⚫
* [[Imam Khomeini]]


==See also==
==See also==
Line 357: Line 355:
[[Category:Muslims by occupation|Scientists]]
[[Category:Muslims by occupation|Scientists]]
[[Category:Lists of Muslims|Scientists]]
[[Category:Lists of Muslims|Scientists]]
[[Category:History of Islamic science]]


[[ur:مسلم سائنسدانوں کی فہرست]]
[[ur:مسلم سائنسدانوں کی فہرست]]

Revision as of 04:45, 16 January 2008

Science in the Islamic world has played an important role in the history of science. There have also been some notable Muslim scientists in the present day. The following is an incomplete list of notable Muslim scientists.

Astronomers and Astrophysicists

Main article: List of Muslim astronomers
Further information: Islamic astronomy

Chemists and Alchemists

Further information: Alchemy (Islam)

Computer Scientists

Economists and Social Scientists

Further information: Islamic sociology, Early Muslim sociology, and Islamic economics in the world
See also: List of Muslim historians and Historiography of early Islam

Geographers and Earth Scientists

Further information: Muslim Agricultural Revolution

Mathematicians

Further information: Islamic mathematics: Biographies

Neuroscientists and Psychologists

Further information: Muslim psychology

Physicians and Surgeons

Further information: Islamic medicine

Physicists

Political Scientists

See also

References

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