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'''Roof knocking''' ({{lang-he-n|'''הקש בגג'''}}<ref name="Ynet/Heb">{{cite news|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3648839,00.html|title=עזה: בכיר חמאס חוסל, כ-26 נהרגו בתקיפות|publisher=Ynet|language=Hebrew|accessdate=2009-01-18}} [http://www.webcitation.org/5eAtNr735 Archived version 2009-01-29]</ref>) refers to a [[code name]] used by the [[Israel Defense Forces]] (IDF) for its practice of warning inhabitants of a building, suspected by the IDF to contain weapons, before it is bombed.<ref name="haretz">{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1052052.html|title=IDF targets senior Hamas figures |date=2009-01-04|last=Harel|first=Amos|coauthor=Yoav Stern|work=Haaretz.com| publisher=[[Haaretz]]|accessdate=2009-01-09}}</ref><ref name="abc">{{cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=6564060&page=1|title=Bush: U.S. Calls for Monitored Cease-fire Pact|date=2009-01-02|last=McGregor-Wood|first=Simon|coauthors=Miguel Marquez|work=abcNews |publisher=ABCNews Internet Ventures |accessdate=2009-01-04}} [http://www.webcitation.org/5eC52ipWt Archived version 2009-01-29]</ref><ref name="hp">{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/howard-schweber/israel-and-hamas-two-to-t_b_155077.html|title=Israel and Hamas: Two to Tango|last=Schweber|first=Howard|date=2009-01-04|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|publisher=HuffingtonPost.com, Inc |accessdate=2009-01-10}} [http://www.webcitation.org/5eCGx1gnY Archived version 2009-01-29] </ref> The goal of this practice is to give the inhabitants time to flee the attack.<ref name="ap-haretz">{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1052260.html|title=IDF phones Gaza residents to warn them of imminent strikes. |date=2009-01-04|work=Haaretz.com |publisher=Haaretz |accessdate=2009-01-09}}</ref> The term roof knocking or "a knock on the roof" has also been used to describe the IDF practice of firing a non-explosive missile at a roof to get people there to leave.<ref name=NYTimesJan10> {{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/11/world/middleeast/11hamas.html?partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |title=A Gaza War Full of Traps and Trickery |accessdate=2009-01-19 |last=Erlanger |first=Steven |date=2009-01-10 |work=[[The New York Times]] |publisher=The New York Times Company }}</ref><ref name="aus" /> As early as 2006 the IDF had the practice of warning the inhabitants of a building that was about to be attacked.<ref name="guard" >{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/jul/28/israel|title=The call that tells you: run, you're about to lose your home and possessions|date=2006-06-28|last=Urquhart |first=Conal |work=guardian.co.uk |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited|accessdate=2009-01-10}} [http://www.webcitation.org/5eCH82DMb Archived version 2009-01-29]</ref>
'''Roof knocking''' ({{lang-he-n|'''הקש בגג'''}}<ref name="Ynet/Heb">{{cite news|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3648839,00.html|title=עזה: בכיר חמאס חוסל, כ-26 נהרגו בתקיפות|publisher=Ynet|language=Hebrew|accessdate=2009-01-18}} [http://www.webcitation.org/5eAtNr735 Archived version 2009-01-29]</ref>) refers to a [[code name]] used by the [[Israel Defense Forces]] (IDF) for its practice of warning inhabitants of a building, suspected by the IDF to contain weapons, before it is bombed.<ref name="haretz">{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1052052.html|title=IDF targets senior Hamas figures |date=2009-01-04|last=Harel|first=Amos|coauthor=Yoav Stern|work=Haaretz.com| publisher=[[Haaretz]]|accessdate=2009-01-09}}</ref><ref name="abc">{{cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=6564060&page=1|title=Bush: U.S. Calls for Monitored Cease-fire Pact|date=2009-01-02|last=McGregor-Wood|first=Simon|coauthors=Miguel Marquez|work=abcNews |publisher=ABCNews Internet Ventures |accessdate=2009-01-04}} [http://www.webcitation.org/5eC52ipWt Archived version 2009-01-29]</ref><ref name="hp">{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/howard-schweber/israel-and-hamas-two-to-t_b_155077.html|title=Israel and Hamas: Two to Tango|last=Schweber|first=Howard|date=2009-01-04|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|publisher=HuffingtonPost.com, Inc |accessdate=2009-01-10}} [http://www.webcitation.org/5eCGx1gnY Archived version 2009-01-29] </ref> The goal of this practice is to give the inhabitants time to flee the attack.<ref name="ap-haretz">{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1052260.html|title=IDF phones Gaza residents to warn them of imminent strikes. |date=2009-01-04|work=Haaretz.com |publisher=Haaretz |accessdate=2009-01-09}}</ref> The term roof knocking or "a knock on the roof" has also been used to describe the IDF practice of firing a non-explosive missile at a roof to get people there to leave.<ref name=NYTimesJan10> {{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/11/world/middleeast/11hamas.html?partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |title=A Gaza War Full of Traps and Trickery |accessdate=2009-01-19 |last=Erlanger |first=Steven |date=2009-01-10 |work=[[The New York Times]] |publisher=The New York Times Company }}</ref><ref name="aus" /> As early as 2006 the IDF had the practice of warning the inhabitants of a building that was about to be attacked.<ref name="guard" >{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/jul/28/israel|title=The call that tells you: run, you're about to lose your home and possessions|date=2006-06-28|last=Urquhart |first=Conal |work=guardian.co.uk |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited|accessdate=2009-01-10}} [http://www.webcitation.org/5eCH82DMb Archived version 2009-01-29]</ref>


Roof knocking was used during the [[2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict]]. In the six months prior to its use, [[Israel]] collected data on [[Hamas]] members, which they used to issue warnings.<ref name="hp">{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/howard-schweber/israel-and-hamas-two-to-t_b_155077.html|title=Israel and Hamas: Two to Tango|last=Schweber|first=Howard|date=2009-01-04|publisher=[[The Huffington Post]]|accessdate=2009-01-10}}</ref> Typically, intelligence officers contacted the residents of a building where military assets were suspected of being stored. The residents were told that they had 10 minutes to leave the premises,<ref name="haretz" /><ref name="aus">{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24867840-601,00.html|title= Nuclear fear drives Israel's hard line|date=2009-01-03|last=Rabinovich |first=Abraham |work=The Australian |publisher=News Limited |accessdate=2009-01-09}} [http://www.webcitation.org/5eCH5S2rG Archived version 2009-01-29]</ref><ref name="jpost">{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1231167305954&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull|title=A response to a Euro-Mediterranean appeal|date=2009-01-04|last=Kurz |first=Anat N. |coauthors=Emily B. Landau |work=opinion.jpost.com |publisher=The Jerusalem Post |accessdate=2009-01-10}} [http://www.webcitation.org/5eCHBRjDI Archived version 2009-01-29]</ref> although sometimes the attack occurred 5 minutes after the warning.<ref name="ocha_report_1_2"> {{Cite news| title = Gaza Humanitarian Situation Report - January 2, 2009 as of 14:30| date = 2009-1-2| publisher = [[UN]] [[Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]]| url = http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_gaza_situation_report_2009_01_02_english.pdf| accessdate = 2009-1-2| archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5dYZRlFLB| archivedate = 2009-1-2}}</ref>
Roof knocking was used during the [[2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict]]. In the six months prior to its use, [[Israel]] collected data on [[Hamas]] members, which they used to issue warnings.<ref name="hp">{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/howard-schweber/israel-and-hamas-two-to-t_b_155077.html|title=Israel and Hamas: Two to Tango|last=Schweber|first=Howard|date=2009-01-04|publisher=[[The Huffington Post]]|accessdate=2009-01-10}}</ref> Typically, intelligence officers contacted the residents of a building where military assets were suspected of being stored. The residents were told that they had 10 minutes to leave the premises,<ref name="haretz" /><ref name="aus">{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24867840-601,00.html|title= Nuclear fear drives Israel's hard line|date=2009-01-03|last=Rabinovich |first=Abraham |work=The Australian |publisher=News Limited |accessdate=2009-01-09}} [http://www.webcitation.org/5eCH5S2rG Archived version 2009-01-29]</ref><ref name="jpost">{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1231167305954&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull|title=A response to a Euro-Mediterranean appeal|date=2009-01-04|last=Kurz |first=Anat N. |coauthors=Emily B. Landau |work=opinion.jpost.com |publisher=The Jerusalem Post |accessdate=2009-01-10}} [http://www.webcitation.org/5eCHBRjDI Archived version 2009-01-29]</ref> although sometimes the attack occurred 5 minutes after the warning.<ref name="ocha_report_1_2"> {{Cite news| title = Gaza Humanitarian Situation Report - January 2, 2009 as of 14:30| date = 2009-1-2| publisher = [[UN]] [[Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]]| url = http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_gaza_situation_report_2009_01_02_english.pdf| accessdate = 2009-1-2| archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5dYZRlFLB| archivedate = 2009-1-2}}</ref> In January 2009, ninety percent of the mobile service network was down in Gaza, in addition to a large number of fixed lines, either due to direct damage or because of the loss of electricity.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/news.aspx?id=111217|title=Palestinians in Chicago get a disconnect on calls to Gaza|publisher=Medill Chigaco|accessdate=2009-02-25}}</ref>
However, Hamas asked civilians to stand on the roofs of buildings to dissuade [[Israelis |Israeli]] pilots from attacking.<ref name=NYTimesJan10 /> Some residents that were warned about an impending bombing climbed up to their roof.<ref name="haretz" /> When faced with this situation, IDF commanders have either called off the bombing or launched a relatively harmless non-explosive missile at empty areas of the roof. This was meant to frighten the people gathered on the roof into leaving the building.<ref name=NYTimesJan10 />
However, Hamas asked civilians to stand on the roofs of buildings to dissuade [[Israelis |Israeli]] pilots from attacking.<ref name=NYTimesJan10 /> Some residents that were warned about an impending bombing climbed up to their roof.<ref name="haretz" /> When faced with this situation, IDF commanders have either called off the bombing or launched a relatively harmless non-explosive missile at empty areas of the roof. This was meant to frighten the people gathered on the roof into leaving the building.<ref name=NYTimesJan10 />

Revision as of 22:39, 25 February 2009

Roof knocking (Template:Lang-he-n[1]) refers to a code name used by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) for its practice of warning inhabitants of a building, suspected by the IDF to contain weapons, before it is bombed.[2][3][4] The goal of this practice is to give the inhabitants time to flee the attack.[5] The term roof knocking or "a knock on the roof" has also been used to describe the IDF practice of firing a non-explosive missile at a roof to get people there to leave.[6][7] As early as 2006 the IDF had the practice of warning the inhabitants of a building that was about to be attacked.[8]

Roof knocking was used during the 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict. In the six months prior to its use, Israel collected data on Hamas members, which they used to issue warnings.[4] Typically, intelligence officers contacted the residents of a building where military assets were suspected of being stored. The residents were told that they had 10 minutes to leave the premises,[2][7][9] although sometimes the attack occurred 5 minutes after the warning.[10] In January 2009, ninety percent of the mobile service network was down in Gaza, in addition to a large number of fixed lines, either due to direct damage or because of the loss of electricity.[11]

However, Hamas asked civilians to stand on the roofs of buildings to dissuade Israeli pilots from attacking.[6] Some residents that were warned about an impending bombing climbed up to their roof.[2] When faced with this situation, IDF commanders have either called off the bombing or launched a relatively harmless non-explosive missile at empty areas of the roof. This was meant to frighten the people gathered on the roof into leaving the building.[6]

According to the Israeli army, striking homes used as weapons storages, when sufficient warning is given to the residents, falls within the boundaries of international law and is legitimate.[12] According to the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, the warning of inhabitants by Israeli forces is psychological warfare[8] and there have been hundreds of warning calls to houses, but only 37 have been destroyed.[13]

When Nizar Rayan, a top Hamas military commander, was warned but didn't leave his home, he and his family of 15 were killed in the subsequent bombing.[2][4]

See also

References

  1. ^ "עזה: בכיר חמאס חוסל, כ-26 נהרגו בתקיפות" (in Hebrew). Ynet. Retrieved 2009-01-18. Archived version 2009-01-29
  2. ^ a b c d Harel, Amos (2009-01-04). "IDF targets senior Hamas figures". Haaretz.com. Haaretz. Retrieved 2009-01-09. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ McGregor-Wood, Simon (2009-01-02). "Bush: U.S. Calls for Monitored Cease-fire Pact". abcNews. ABCNews Internet Ventures. Retrieved 2009-01-04. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) Archived version 2009-01-29
  4. ^ a b c Schweber, Howard (2009-01-04). "Israel and Hamas: Two to Tango". The Huffington Post. HuffingtonPost.com, Inc. Retrieved 2009-01-10. Archived version 2009-01-29 Cite error: The named reference "hp" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  5. ^ "IDF phones Gaza residents to warn them of imminent strikes". Haaretz.com. Haaretz. 2009-01-04. Retrieved 2009-01-09.
  6. ^ a b c Erlanger, Steven (2009-01-10). "A Gaza War Full of Traps and Trickery". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
  7. ^ a b Rabinovich, Abraham (2009-01-03). "Nuclear fear drives Israel's hard line". The Australian. News Limited. Retrieved 2009-01-09. Archived version 2009-01-29
  8. ^ a b Urquhart, Conal (2006-06-28). "The call that tells you: run, you're about to lose your home and possessions". guardian.co.uk. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 2009-01-10. Archived version 2009-01-29
  9. ^ Kurz, Anat N. (2009-01-04). "A response to a Euro-Mediterranean appeal". opinion.jpost.com. The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2009-01-10. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) Archived version 2009-01-29
  10. ^ "Gaza Humanitarian Situation Report - January 2, 2009 as of 14:30". UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 2009-1-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-1-2. Retrieved 2009-1-2. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date=, and |archivedate= (help)
  11. ^ "Palestinians in Chicago get a disconnect on calls to Gaza". Medill Chigaco. Retrieved 2009-02-25.
  12. ^ "Hamas leader, 20 Palestinians killed in IAF strikes". ynet news.com. Yedioth Internet. 2009-01-09. Retrieved 2009-01-09. Archived version 2009-01-29
  13. ^ Balousha, Hazem (2009-01-03). "Text messages and phone calls add psychological aspect to warfare in Gaza". guardian.co.uk home. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 2009-02-18. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
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