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{{Pashtuns}}
The '''Shilmani'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0RQwcO0wM6IC&pg=PA75&dq=shilmani |title=Pakistan |author=Pete Heiden |page=75 |year=2012 |publisher=ABDO Publishing Company}}Shilmani, one of the tribes of Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA), Khyber Agency</ref>, ''Shalmani'' or ''Sulemani'' سليمانى,شلمانى is a [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] tribe who are primarily concentrated in the [[Shalman Valley]] in [[Khyber agency]] near [[Peshawar]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] formerly known as North-West Frontier Province, [[Pakistan]]. The tribe is also present in different areas of Pakistan, [[Afghanistan]] and [[Iran]].
The '''Shilmani'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0RQwcO0wM6IC&pg=PA75&dq=shilmani |title=Pakistan |author=Pete Heiden |page=75 |year=2012 |publisher=ABDO Publishing Company}}</ref>, ''Shalmani'' or ''Sulemani'' ({{lang-ps|سليمانى,شلمانى}}) are a [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] tribe who are primarily concentrated in the [[Shalman Valley]] in [[Khyber Agency]] near [[Peshawar]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]]. The tribe is also present in different areas of Pakistan, [[Afghanistan]] and [[Iran]]. In Pakistan, the tribe lives in [[Swat (Pakistan)|Swat]], [[Upper Dir]], [[Lower Dir]], [[Bajour]], [[Buner District|Buner]], [[Shangla District|Shangla]], [[Abbottabad]], [[Mansehra]], [[Haripur, Pakistan|Haripur]], [[Malakand District]], [[Dargai]], Sakha Koat, [[Charsadda District, Pakistan|Charsadda]], and [[Umarzai]] ([[Hashtnagar]]).

In Pakistan, the tribe lives in [[Swat (Pakistan)|Swat]], [[Upper Dir]], [[Lower Dir]], [[Bajour]], [[Buner District|Buner]], [[Shangla District|Shangla]], [[Abbottabad]], [[Mansehra]], [[Haripur, Pakistan|Haripur]], [[Malakand District]], [[Dargai]], Sakha Koat, [[Charsadda District, Pakistan|Charsadda]], and [[Umarzai]] ([[Hashtnagar]]).


==History==
==History==


[[Khan Roshan Khan]] a Pakhtun historian says that Shalmani were originally brought to [[Swat District]] by one of the famous Pakhtun conquerors and kings, [[Muhammad of Ghor]],<ref name="Khan Roshan">[[Khan Roshan Khan]],"Yousafzai Qoum Ki Sargazasht, يوسفزىء قوم كى سرگزشت"</ref> from [[Shalman Valley]] and Karman [[Afghanistan]].
[[Khan Roshan Khan]] a Pakhtun historian says that Shalmani were originally brought to [[Swat District]] by one of the famous Pakhtun conquerors and kings, [[Muhammad of Ghor]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Yūsufzaʻī Qaum kī Sarguzasht:K̲h̲ashshī Qabāʻil aur G̲h̲auriyāk̲h̲īl...kī ḥairat angaez, mufassil aur tahqīqī sarguzasht |author=[[Khan Roshan Khan]] |language=Urdu |oclc=81889189}}"</ref> from [[Shalman Valley]] and Karman [[Afghanistan]].


According to [[Khan Roshan khan]], Shalmani or shilmani, are "Banu Bakht," who were living in an area "Shalman" in Syria. These Banu Bakht were the landlords of Shalman, Ainab and Baiswad at the border of [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]]. But when they exiled to Khorasan, they were known as Shalmani and Baiswad in Khorasan because of their place name "Shalman" in Syria.<ref name="Khan Roshan2">[[Khan Roshan Khan]],"Tazkira, تذكره" p.379, Published 5th Edition, 1987</ref>
According to [[Khan Roshan khan]], Shalmani or shilmani, are "Banu Bakht," who were living in an area "Shalman" in Syria. These Banu Bakht were the landlords of Shalman, Ainab and Baiswad at the border of [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]]. But when they exiled to Khorasan, they were known as Shalmani and Baiswad in Khorasan because of their place name "Shalman" in Syria.<ref>{{cite book |title=Tazkira: Paṭhānon̲ kī aṣliyyat aur un kī tārīk̲h̲ |page=379 |author=Khan Roshan Khan |publisher=Navān̲ Kalī |date=1980 |language=Urdu |oclc=18789582}}</ref>


M.Saida Khan Shinwari gives that. Shilmani are divided as Shamsher Khel, Halimzai and Kam Shilmanis and considers them to be [[Mohmand]]. He states that Shamsher Khels are related to Morcha Khel Mohmands, Halimzai to Halimzai Mohmands and Kam Shilmanis to Tarakzai Mohmands. Officially the Shilmanis are treated as a separate tribe since the Khyber Agreement of 1881. The Shilmanis are closer to Mohmands in characteristics and based on historical evidence they appear to be close kinsmen of the [[Mohmand]]<ref name="Saida Khan">The Khyber: A Historical Sketch, By M.Saida Khan Shinwari, Published 1926</ref>
M.Saida Khan Shinwari gives that. Shilmani are divided as Shamsher Khel, Halimzai and Kam Shilmanis and considers them to be [[Mohmand]]. He states that Shamsher Khels are related to Morcha Khel Mohmands, Halimzai to Halimzai Mohmands and Kam Shilmanis to Tarakzai Mohmands. Officially the Shilmanis are treated as a separate tribe since the Khyber Agreement of 1881. The Shilmanis are closer to Mohmands in characteristics and based on historical evidence they appear to be close kinsmen of the Mohmand.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Khyber: A Historical Sketch |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9FtHAAAAIAAJ |author=M. Saida Khan |publisher=A.R. Yusuñ |year=1926 |oclc=5705079}}</ref>
.


==The Shalmani State of Hashtnagar==
==Hashtnagar==
In his book, Suleman Shahid suggests that Shilmani were the strongest among other Pashtun (Pathan) tribes like [[Dilazak]]. Primarily they were under [[Swat District]] state and Swati King by name Sultan Pakal, but later on Mir Hinda, who was a combatant leader by origin as Tajiki clan, occupied [[Hashtnagar]] and announced it as "Hashtnagar State of Shalmanies".<ref name="Suleman Shahid">Suleman Shahid, Pakhtun history book "Gumnam Riyasat, گمنام رياست" p.73 1st edition, published at 01-01-2005</ref> After centuries when [[Yusufzai (Pashtun tribe)]] exiled by [[Mughal Empire]] from [[Afghanistan]], they attacked Shilmanis [[Hashtnagar]] with the support of [[Dilazak]] and other allied tribes of [[Yusufzai (Pashtun tribe)]]. Because Shalmani were strong and it was unable to defeat them, this battle was ended after two years.<ref name="Suleman Shahid"/>
In his book, Suleman Shahid suggests that Shilmani were the strongest among other Pashtun (Pathan) tribes like [[Dilazak]]. Primarily they were under [[Swat District]] state and Swati King by name Sultan Pakal, but later on Mir Hinda, who was a combatant leader by origin as Tajiki clan, occupied [[Hashtnagar]] and announced it as "Hashtnagar State of Shalmanies".<ref name=sulemanshahid>{{cite book |title=Gumnām riyāsat : Dīr ke lākhon̲ maz̤lūmon̲ ke nām |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZjSQPgAACAAJ |page=73 |author=Sulaimān Shāhid |publisher=Muḥammad Raḥmán Buk Ḍipo |year=2005 |oclc=62110093}}</ref> After centuries when [[Yusufzai (Pashtun tribe)]] exiled by [[Mughal Empire]] from [[Afghanistan]], they attacked Shilmanis [[Hashtnagar]] with the support of [[Dilazak]] and other allied tribes of [[Yusufzai (Pashtun tribe)]]. Because Shalmani were strong and it was unable to defeat them, this battle was ended after two years.<ref name=sulemanshahid/>

⚫
==Notes and References==


⚫
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Z8zn9lW40_QC&pg=PA206&dq=shilmani |title=Edge of Empire: The British Political Officer and Tribal Administration on the North-West Frontier 1877-1947 |year=2011 |page=206 |author=Christian Tripodi |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |oclc= 726826683 |isbn=9780754694915}}
*{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=sjXlUvTRCI_H7AaAioGQDQ&id=mGMiAAAAMAAJ&dq=shilmani&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=shilmani |title=A Glossary of the Tribes & Castes of the Punjab & North-west Frontier Province |year=1914 |author=H.A. Rose |publisher=Superintendent, Government printing, Punjab |oclc=635489321}}
*{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Th3Mu-_RwjQC&pg=PA401&dq=shilmani#v=onepage&q=shilmani&f=false |title=A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province |volume=3 |year=1997 |author=H.A. Rose |publisher=Nirmal Publishers}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.edu/Programs/CCs/FamilyTrees.html |title=Tribe, Clan, & Ethnic Genealogies |publisher=US Naval Postgraduate School}}
*{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qu9tAAAAMAAJ&q=Shalmani |title=The land of Khyber |author=Teepu Mahabat Khan |publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications |year=2005 |oclc=192109133 |isbn=9693517520}}
*{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=yw3nUu6cJq6y7Abo0ICYBg&id=-tVjAAAAMAAJ&dq=Shalmani |title=The Poets of Malakand |author=Shamsur Rahman Shams |year=1990 |oclc=24832107}}

{{Pashtun}}


[[Category:Sarbanri Pashtun tribes]]
[[Category:Sarbanri Pashtun tribes]]
[[Category:Demographics of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Social groups of Pakistan]]

Revision as of 02:01, 28 January 2014

Part of a series on
Pashtuns
Empires and dynasties

The Shilmani[1], Shalmani or Sulemani (Template:Lang-ps) are a Pashtun tribe who are primarily concentrated in the Shalman Valley in Khyber Agency near Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The tribe is also present in different areas of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran. In Pakistan, the tribe lives in Swat, Upper Dir, Lower Dir, Bajour, Buner, Shangla, Abbottabad, Mansehra, Haripur, Malakand District, Dargai, Sakha Koat, Charsadda, and Umarzai (Hashtnagar).

History

Khan Roshan Khan a Pakhtun historian says that Shalmani were originally brought to Swat District by one of the famous Pakhtun conquerors and kings, Muhammad of Ghor,[2] from Shalman Valley and Karman Afghanistan.

According to Khan Roshan khan, Shalmani or shilmani, are "Banu Bakht," who were living in an area "Shalman" in Syria. These Banu Bakht were the landlords of Shalman, Ainab and Baiswad at the border of Lebanon and Syria. But when they exiled to Khorasan, they were known as Shalmani and Baiswad in Khorasan because of their place name "Shalman" in Syria.[3]

M.Saida Khan Shinwari gives that. Shilmani are divided as Shamsher Khel, Halimzai and Kam Shilmanis and considers them to be Mohmand. He states that Shamsher Khels are related to Morcha Khel Mohmands, Halimzai to Halimzai Mohmands and Kam Shilmanis to Tarakzai Mohmands. Officially the Shilmanis are treated as a separate tribe since the Khyber Agreement of 1881. The Shilmanis are closer to Mohmands in characteristics and based on historical evidence they appear to be close kinsmen of the Mohmand.[4]

Hashtnagar

In his book, Suleman Shahid suggests that Shilmani were the strongest among other Pashtun (Pathan) tribes like Dilazak. Primarily they were under Swat District state and Swati King by name Sultan Pakal, but later on Mir Hinda, who was a combatant leader by origin as Tajiki clan, occupied Hashtnagar and announced it as "Hashtnagar State of Shalmanies".[5] After centuries when Yusufzai (Pashtun tribe) exiled by Mughal Empire from Afghanistan, they attacked Shilmanis Hashtnagar with the support of Dilazak and other allied tribes of Yusufzai (Pashtun tribe). Because Shalmani were strong and it was unable to defeat them, this battle was ended after two years.[5]

References

  1. ^ Pete Heiden (2012). "Pakistan". ABDO Publishing Company. p. 75.
  2. ^ Khan Roshan Khan. Yūsufzaʻī Qaum kī Sarguzasht:K̲h̲ashshī Qabāʻil aur G̲h̲auriyāk̲h̲īl...kī ḥairat angaez, mufassil aur tahqīqī sarguzasht (in Urdu). OCLC 81889189."
  3. ^ Khan Roshan Khan (1980). Tazkira: Paṭhānon̲ kī aṣliyyat aur un kī tārīk̲h̲ (in Urdu). Navān̲ Kalī. p. 379. OCLC 18789582.
  4. ^ M. Saida Khan (1926). The Khyber: A Historical Sketch. A.R. Yusuñ. OCLC 5705079.
  5. ^ a b Sulaimān Shāhid (2005). Gumnām riyāsat : Dīr ke lākhon̲ maz̤lūmon̲ ke nām. Muḥammad Raḥmán Buk Ḍipo. p. 73. OCLC 62110093.

Further reading

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