Electric energy consumption

Electric energy consumption is the form of energy consumption that uses electric energy. Electric energy consumption is the actual energy demand made on existing electricity supply.

Overview

Consumption of electric energy is measured in watt-hours (written W·h, equal to Watt x Hour)

1 W·h = 3600 joule = 859.8 calorie.

Electric and electronic devices consume electric energy to generate desired output (i.e. light, heat, motion, etc.). During operation, some part of the energy is consumed in unintended output, such as waste heat. See Electrical Efficiency .

In 2008, the world total of electricity production and consumption was 20,279 TWh (terawatt-hours). This number corresponds to an average consumption rate of around 2.3 terawatts continuously during the year. The total energy needed to produce this power is roughly a factor 2 to 3 higher because the efficiency of power plants is roughly 30-50%, see Electricity generation. The generated power is thus in the order of 5 TW. This is approximately a third of the total energy consumption of 15 TW, see World energy consumption.

In 2005, the primary energy used to generate electricity was 41.60 Quadrillion BTU (Coal 21.01 quads, Natural Gas 6.69 quads, Petroleum 1.32 quads, Nuclear electric power 8.13 quads, Renewable energy 4.23 quads respectively). The gross generation of electricity in that year was 14.50 Quads; the difference, 27.10 Quads, was conversion losses. Among all electricity, 4.84 Quads was used in residential area, 4.32 Quads used in commercial, 3.47 Quads used in industrial and 0.03 Quads used in transportation.

16816TWh(83%) of electric energy was consumed by final users. The difference of 3464TWh(17%)was consumed in the process of generating power and consumed as transmission loss and all most consumed at misuse.

World Electricity Consumption Highlights in 2009

Electricity Consumption in 2009
Source: Enerdata Statistical Energy Review

At the world level, energy consumption was cut down by 1.5% during 2009, for the first time since World War II. Except in Asia and Middle East, consumptions were reduced in all the world regions. In OECD countries, accounting for 53% of the total, electricity demand scaled down by more than 4.5% in both Europe and North America while it shrank by above 7% in Japan. Electricity demand also dropped by more than 4.5% in CIS countries, driven by a large cut in Russian consumption. Conversely, in China and India (22% of the world's consumption), electricity consumption continued to rise at a strong pace (+6-7%) to meet energy demand related to high economic growth. In Middle East, growth rate was softened but remained high, just below 4%.

Electricity Consumption and GDP

Listed countries are top 20 populous countries and/or top 20 GDP (PPP) countries and Saudi Arabia as of CIA World Factbook 2009.
30 countries (exclude EU/IEA) in this table represent 77% of world population, 84% of world GDP, 83% of world electricity consumption.
Productivity per Electricity consumption (concept similar to Energy intensity) can be measured by dividing GDP amount by the electricity consumed. World average was $3.5 production/kWh.
Electricity consumption include Final consumption, in process consumption, and losses.

Electricity Consumption (2008) and GDP (PPP) (2009)

Country	Population million	rank*	GDP (PPP) billion USD	rank*	GDP (PPP) per capita	rank*	Electricity consumption (GWh/yr)	rank**	daily kWh per capita	rank**	GDP (PPP) /kWh*
World	6,784	—	$70,048	—	$10,325	—	20,279,640	—	8.18	—	$3.5
China	1,339	1	$7,992	2	$5,969	133	3,444,108	2	7.04	17	$2.3
India	1,166	2	$3,304	4	$2,834	166	860,723	5	2.02	23	$3.8
USA	307	3	$14,440	1	$47,036	11	4,401,698	1	39.25	2	$3.3
EU*	541	—	$16,221	—	$29,983	—	3,635,604	—	18.40	—	$4.5
Indonesia	240	4	$917	15	$3,821	158	149,437	20	1.70	24	$6.1
Brazil	199	5	$1,998	9	$10,040	102	505,083	9	6.95	18	$4.0
Pakistan	176	6	$431	27	$2,449	172	91,626	24	1.43	26	$4.7
Bangladesh	156	7	$226	49	$1,449	196	35,893	27	0.63	27	$6.3
Nigeria	149	8	$336	35	$2,255	176	21,110	28	0.39	28	$15.9
Russia	140	9	$2,271	6	$16,221	72	1,022,726	4	20.00	10	$2.2
Japan	127	10	$4,340	3	$34,173	36	1,083,142	3	23.35	6	$4.0
Mexico	111	11	$1,567	11	$14,117	77	257,812	14	6.36	19	$6.1
Philippines	98	12	$318	37	$3,425	162	60,819	26	1.70	25	$5.2
Vietnam	87	13	$242	45	$2,782	167	76,269	25	2.40	22	$3.2
Ethiopia	85	14	$70	78	$824	216	3,777	30	0.12	30	$18.5
Egypt	83	15	$445	26	$5,361	135	130,144	22	4.29	21	$3.4
Germany	82	16	$2,925	5	$35,671	33	617,132	7	20.61	8	$4.7
Turkey	77	17	$904	16	$11,740	92	198,085	19	7.04	16	$4.6
DR Congo	69	18	$21	120	$304	226	6,939	29	0.28	29	$3.0
Iran	75	19	$844	17	$12,788	86	211,972	17	8.79	15	$4.0
Thailand	66	20	$549	24	$8,318	115	149,034	21	6.18	20	$3.7
France	64	21	$2,133	8	$33,328	38	526,862	8	22.54	7	$4.0
UK	61	22	$2,236	7	$36,656	30	400,390	11	17.97	13	$5.6
Italy	58	23	$1,827	10	$31,500	41	359,161	12	16.95	14	$5.1
South Korea	49	25	$1,338	13	$27,306	49	443,888	10	24.80	5	$3.0
Spain	41	32	$1,402	12	$34,195	35	303,179	13	20.25	9	$4.6
Canada	33	37	$1,303	14	$39,485	22	620,684	6	51.50	1	$2.1
Saudi Arabia	29	41	$578	22	$19,931	59	204,200	18	19.28	12	$2.8
Taiwan	23	49	$714	19	$31,043	42	238,458	16	28.39	4	$3.0
Australia	21	54	$803	18	$38,238	25	257,247	15	33.54	3	$3.1
Netherlands	17	59	$674	20	$39,647	20	123,496	23	19.89	11	$5.66

Population and GDP data are from CIA World Factbook 2009
Electricity data are from IEA/OECD 2008 (retrieved on April 2011)
rank* of Population and GDP are World ranking
rank** of Electricity consumption are ranking within this list
GDP PP/kWh Amount of GDP (PPP) (USD) produced per every kilowatt-hour.
EU* only considers EU states which are member of the IEA (Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom) but also includes non-EU members of the IEA (Norway, Switzerland and Turkey).

Electricity Final Consumption by categories

There are in-process consumption of Electricity which is about 17% of total production. In 2008, total electricity produced was 20,261TWh, 3,464TWh was consumed during process and 16,816TWh went to final consumption. Data are from IEA/OECD (2008)

In the consumption rate in Industry, China is highest with 67.8%, South Korea is 51.0%(7th), Germany 46.1%(11th), Japan 31.5%(26th), USA 24.0%(28th)
In the Commercial and Public Service, Japan is highest with 36.4%, USA 35.6%(3rd), China 5.4%(29th)
For Domestic usage, Saudi Arabia is highest with 56.9%, USA 36.2%(8th), Japan 29.8%(16th), China 15.5%(29th), Korea 13.8%(30th)

definition
Industry; Iron and steel, chemical and petrochemical, non-ferrous metals, non-metallic minerals, transport equipment, machinery, mining, Food and tobacco, Paper, pulp and print, wood and wood product, construction, textile and leather, non-specified.
Transport; Domestic aviation, Land transportation, Rail, Pipeline transport, domestic navigation, non-specified. note international marine and aviation bunkers are not included.
Fishery; some country include fishing with agriculture/forestry.

• Listed countries are top 20 by population or top 20 by GDP (PPP) and Saudi Arabia.

Electricity Consumption 2008 (TWh)

For more recent data World Electricity production 2012

Country	total (TWh)	Industry	Transport	Commercial /Public Services	Agriculture /Forestry	Fishery	Residential	other
World	16,816	41.7%	1.60%	23.4%	2.50%	0.025%	27.4%	3.43%
China	2,842	67.8%	1.05%	5.4%	3.12%	0.000%	15.5%	7.19%
India	602	46.4%	1.93%	8.0%	17.92%	0.000%	20.7%	5.05%
USA	3,814	24.0%	0.20%	35.0%	0.00%	0.000%	36.2%	4.59%
Indonesia	129	37.2%	0.00%	23.9%	0.00%	0.000%	38.9%	0.00%
Brazil	410	48.1%	0.39%	23.7%	4.49%	0.000%	23.3%	0.00%
Pakistan	70	27.5%	0.01%	14.2%	12.50%	0.000%	45.9%	0.00%
Bangladesh	32	56.3%	0.00%	6.0%	3.37%	0.000%	32.9%	0.00%
Nigeria	19	20.0%	0.00%	24.7%	0.00%	0.000%	55.3%	0.00%
Russia	725	49.6%	11.45%	20.6%	2.14%	0.037%	16.1%	0.00%
Japan	964	31.5%	1.95%	36.4%	0.09%	0.000%	29.8%	0.23%
Mexico	200	61.3%	0.55%	10.3%	4.05%	0.000%	23.7%	0.00%
Philippines	49	34.6%	0.23%	28.7%	2.30%	0.311%	33.8%	0.00%
Vietnam	68	51.8%	0.75%	8.1%	0.97%	0.000%	38.4%	0.00%
Ethiopia	3.1	38.0%	0.00%	23.6%	0.00%	0.000%	37.7%	0.74%
Egypt	112	33.4%	0.00%	15.4%	4.13%	0.000%	39.2%	7.84%
Germany	526	46.1%	3.14%	22.6%	1.66%	0.000%	26.5%	0.00%
Turkey	159	45.4%	0.60%	25.6%	3.54%	0.102%	24.8%	0.00%
DR Congo	6.1	63.4%	0.00%	3.1%	0.00%	0.000%	33.5%	0.00%
Iran	164	33.2%	0.15%	19.0%	12.92%	0.001%	32.3%	2.50%
Thailand	135	42.4%	0.04%	35.6%	0.21%	0.000%	21.3%	0.54%
France	433	32.6%	3.06%	25.0%	0.88%	0.028%	35.9%	2.57%
UK	342	33.2%	2.47%	28.6%	1.19%	0.000%	34.5%	0.00%
Italy	309	45.8%	3.50%	26.8%	1.81%	0.022%	22.1%	0.00%
South Korea	407	51.0%	0.55%	32.5%	1.61%	0.449%	13.8%	0.00%
Spain	265	38.9%	1.10%	29.5%	2.29%	0.000%	27.1%	1.08%
Canada	519	36.3%	0.81%	30.0%	1.86%	0.000%	31.0%	0.00%
Saudi Arabia	170	12.4%	0.00%	28.5%	2.04%	0.000%	56.9%	0.14%
Taiwan	210	55.7%	0.52%	13.7%	0.78%	0.459%	20.3%	8.48%
Australia	212	44.7%	1.33%	25.6%	0.88%	0.000%	27.4%	0.00%
Netherlands	109	38.6%	1.48%	30.0%	7.15%	0.000%	22.7%	0.00%

Electric energy consumption of OECD member countries

Electric energy consumption per inhabitant by primary energy source in some countries and areas in 2008 is in the table.

1 MW·h/yr = 114 Watt

For the OECD with 8 991 kWh/yr/person: 1.026 Watt/person.

Electric energy per capita, 2008 (kWh/person)
#	Territory	Use	Production					Import/ Export	Non-RE*	RE % *
			Total	Fossil	Nuclear	RE-Bio	Bio+waste
1	Iceland	53,129	53,129	0	0	53,129	0	0	0	100%
2	Norway	27,398	30,355	151	0	30,130	74	-2,957	-2,806	110.2%
3	Canada	18,111	19,092	4,653	2,834	11,333	272	-981	6,507	64.1%
4	Finlandx	17,036	14,612	5,182	4,345x	3,356	1,727	2,424	11,953	29.8%
5	Sweden	16,018	16,225	527	6,922	7,687	1,088	-206	7,244	54.8%
6	USA	14,378	14,270	10,162	2,746	1,139	224	108	13,015	9.5%
7	Switzerland	9,052	9,198	130	3,688	5,057	322	-146	3,672	59.4%
8	OECD	8,991	8,982	5,554	1,905	1,340	182	9	7,468	16.9%
9	Belgium	8,961	7,962	2,997	4,295	252	418	999	8,291	7.5%
10	Japan	8,507	8,507	5,669	2,010	682	147	0	7,679	9.7%
11	France	8,233	8,984	853	6,872	1,168	91	-751	6,974	15.3%
12	Netherlands	7,463	6,513	5,590	252	275	396	950	6,792	9.0%
13	Germany	7,450	7,693	4,635	1,804	873	381	-243	6,196	6.8%
14	EU-15	7,409	7,321	3,798	2,121	1,141	261	89	6,007	18.9%
15	Denmark	6,912	6,656	4,680	0	1,272	706	256	4,934	28.6 %
16	United Kingdom	6,573	6,392	5,069	860	266	198	180	6,108	7.1%
17	Spain	6,523	6,764	4,066	1,286	1,318	94	-241	5,111	21.6%
18	Italy	6,054	5,384	4,271	0	992	120	671	4,942	18.4%
19	Poland	4,033	4,064	3,865	0	96	103	-32	3,833	5.0%
*RE-Bio includes hydro power, wind power, solar electricity and geothermal electricity Bio+waste includes biofuel and waste Non-RE (Non-Renewable electricity) = electricity use – (RE-Bio) – (Bio+waste) RE % = (own RE production (RE+ Bio+waste) / electricity use) * 100 % Obs. No specification if waste includes fossil wastes (e.g. The share of fossil wastes in Finland in 2006 was 2% of electricity use 1.78/90TWh). Norway exported 2.8 TWh per person renewable electricity. x In Finland 1600 MW nuclear reactor under construction since 2002

See also

• World energy consumption
• Electricity generation
• List of countries by electric energy consumption
• List of countries by electricity production
• List of countries by energy consumption and production
• List of countries by energy consumption per capita
• List of countries by total primary energy consumption and production
• List of countries by energy intensity
• List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions
• List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions
• List of countries by renewable electricity production

External links

• [2] World Electricity production 2012
• World Map and Chart of Energy Consumption by country by Lebanese-economy-forum, World Bank data
• Electric power consumption: statistics by country