Plants of the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 23:03, 26 September 2016
General Characteristics This page contains lists of plants found in the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve which straddles the states of Colima and Jalisco, in Mexico. The reserve is located in the transition of the Nearctic and Neotropical realms and encompasses parts of the Sierra Madre del Sur, with a wide range of altitudes, climates and soils. The effects of tectonic and volcanic activities and erosion are notable within the reserve.
Different types of forests are present in the reserve including mesophytic, cloud, and dry deciduous and semi-deciduous tropical forests. Anthropologists know the region as ‘Zona de Occidente’, an area notably different to the rest of Mesoamerica. Some ceramic remnants, figurines and graves have been found, but there is little other material evidence. As of 2002 more than 40,000 people live in the Sierra de Manantlán, engaged mainly in agriculture (corn, beans, tomatoes, sugarcane, watermelon, mangoes), livestock grazing, timber production, and extraction of wood for fuel and mining of coal or minerals. [1]
Ecological Characteristics
The Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve is located to the extreme north of the inter-tropical zone. The climate in the region is influenced by various factors in addition to its latitudinal location, such as its proximity to the coast, the effect of its landform – orographic shade – and the breadth of the altitudinal range, which partly goes to explain the high regional biodiversity and the presence of numerous plant formations ranging from tropical forests to those of temperate-cold climates.
The Sierra de Manantlán’s varied and complex plant cover harbours a great wealth of flora. There are over 2900 species of vascular plants belonging to 981 genuses. Wildlife is one of the important components of the high biodiversity in this Reserve. Among the main values of the Sierra de Manantlán, in addition to its great wealth of species and its unique biogeographical characteristics, particular mention should be made of the presence of endangered or useful endemic species. So far 110 species of mammals have been reported, among which the Mexican Vole Microtus mexicanus neveriae and the Pocket Gopher Cratogeomys gymnurus russelli, in addition to other mammals such as the Oncilla, the Jaguarandi, the Ocelot, the Puma, the Bobcat, the Jaguar and four species of nectarivorous bats.
Three hundred and thirty-six species of birds have been reported, among them 36 which are endemic to Mexico, such as the charismatic species: the Crested Guan Penelope purpurascens, the Military Macaw Ara militaris, the Red-lored Amazon Amazona autumnalis and the Mexican national symbol, the Golden Eagle. In terms of herpetofauna, 85 species have been recorded; of these it is known that 13 are endemic to the western and central region of Mexico: the Rattlesnake, the Black Iguana, the Frog Shyrrhopus modestus, the Beaded Lizard Heloderma horridum and the Autlan Rattlesnake Crotalus lannomi, an endemic species only reported for the area of Puerto de Los Mazos. Of the 16 species of fish identified, 13 are native and four of these are endemic to the region.
Pines and their allies.
Cupressus lusitanica: Mexican white cedar, or Cedar-of-Goa [2]
Abies guatemalensis[2][3][4]
Abies religiosa:Sacred Fir or Oyamel[2][3][5][6]
Pinus devoniana[2]
Pinus douglasiana[2]
[4]
[7][5]
Pinus durangensis[2]
Pinus herrerae[2][4]
Pinus leiophylla[2][5]
Pinus maximinoi[2][4]
Pinus montezumae: Ocote[2]
Pinus oocarpa[2][4]
Pinus pseudostrobus: Chamite or Pachingo[2][5]
Ilex brandegeana[2]
Ilex tolucana: Ivy[2][5]
Alnus jorullensis: Aile[2][5]
Carpinus tropicalis[2]Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).
Quercus candicans:[2] [5]
Quercus castanea:[2] [5]
Quercus crassifolia:[2]
Quercus crassipes:[2] [5]
Quercus excelsa:[2]
Quercus gentryi:[5]
Quercus insignis:[2]
Quercus laurina: Encino laurelillo[2][5]
Quercus magnoliifolia:[2][4]
Quercus obtusata:[2]
Quercus peduncularis:[2]
Quercus planipocula:[2]
Quercus rugosa: Quiebra hacha[2][5]
Quercus resinosa:[2][4]
Quercus salicifolia:[2]
Quercus scitophylla:[4][5]
Quercus uxoris:[2]
Quercus xalapensis:[2]
Heliocarpus terebinthaceus:[2]
Otatea acuminata:[2]
[3]
Otatea aztecorum:[2]
Crataegus mexicana aka Crataegus pubescens:tejocote, manzanita, tejocotera and Mexican hawthorn [5]
Prunus serotina: Black Cherry[2]
Salix bonplandiana:[2]
Salix paradoxa:[2]
Acer saccharum subsp. skutchii:[9]
Styrax argenteus:[2]
Styrax ramirezii:[5]
Notes
- ^ http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/latin-america-and-the-caribbean/mexico/sierra-de-manantian/
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq Jardel Peláez, Enrique J., Gerardo Vélica Zúñiga, Oscar E. Balcázar Medina, Ramón Cuevas Guzmán, Eduardo Santana Castellón, Luis Manuel Martínez Rivera (2013). DETERMINACIÓN DE LA SUBZONIFICACION DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA SIERRA DE MANANTLAN. Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales-IMECBIO, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, En colaboración con Dirección de la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlán, Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, Autlán, Jalisco. Febrero de 2013
- ^ a b c Balcazar Medina, Oscar Enrique, 2011. Patrones geoecologicos de indendios forestales en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlan. Tesis Universidad de Guadalajara
- ^ a b c d e f g h Cassell, B. A. (2012). Fire History of the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve in Western México, University of Washington.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Cite error: The named reference
Olvera2010was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Figueroa-Rangel, B. L., et al. (2012). "Late-Holocene successional dynamics in a transitional forest of west-central Mexico." The Holocene 22(2): 143-153.
- ^ Cerano-Paredes, J, J. Villanueva-Díaz, R. Cervantes-Martínez, P. Fulé, L. Yocom, G. Esquivel-Arriaga, E. Jardel-Peláez 2015. Historia de incendios en un bosque de pino de la sierra de Manantlán, Jalisco, México. BOSQUE 36(1): 41-52, 2015 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-92002015000100005
- ^ Vazquez, Antonio and Ramon Cuevas (1989). UNA NUEVA ESPECIE TROPICAL DE POPULUS (SALlCACEAE) DE LA SIERRA DE MANANTLAN, JALISCO, MEXIC0. Acta Botánica Mexicana 8:39-45
- ^ Vargas-Rodriguez, Y. L. and W. J. Platt (2012). "Remnant sugar maple (Acer saccharum subsp. skutchii) populations at their range edge: Characteristics, environmental constraints and conservation implications in tropical America." Biological Conservation 150(1): 111-120.
References
- Balcazar Medina, Oscar Enrique, 2011. Patrones geoecologicos de indendios forestales en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlan. Tesis Universidad de Guadalajara
- Cassell, B. A. (2012). Fire History of the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve in Western México, University of Washington.
- Cerano-Paredes, J, J. Villanueva-Díaz, R. Cervantes-Martínez, P. Fulé, L. Yocom, G. Esquivel-Arriaga, E. Jardel-Peláez 2015. Historia de incendios en un bosque de pino de la sierra de Manantlán, Jalisco, México. BOSQUE 36(1): 41-52, 2015 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-92002015000100005
- Figueroa-Rangel, B. L., et al. (2012). "Late-Holocene successional dynamics in a transitional forest of west-central Mexico." The Holocene 22(2): 143-153.
- Jardel Peláez, Enrique J., Gerardo Vélica Zúñiga, Oscar E. Balcázar Medina, Ramón Cuevas Guzmán, Eduardo Santana Castellón, Luis Manuel Martínez Rivera (2013). DETERMINACIÓN DE LA SUBZONIFICACION DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA SIERRA DE MANANTLAN. Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales-IMECBIO, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, En colaboración con Dirección de la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlán, Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, Autlán, Jalisco. Febrero de 2013
- Olvera-Vargas, M., et al. (2010). "Is there environmental differentiation in the Quercus-dominated forests of west-central Mexico?" Plant ecology 211(2): 321-335.
- Vargas-Rodriguez, Y. L. and W. J. Platt (2012). "Remnant sugar maple (Acer saccharum subsp. skutchii) populations at their range edge: Characteristics, environmental constraints and conservation implications in tropical America." Biological Conservation 150(1): 111-120.
- Vazquez, Antonio and Ramon Cuevas (1989). UNA NUEVA ESPECIE TROPICAL DE POPULUS (SALlCACEAE) DE LA SIERRA DE MANANTLAN, JALISCO, MEXIC0. Acta Botánica Mexicana 8:39-45