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Multiple medical professionals have concluded that these experiences are [[hallucination]]s, the result of [[delusional disorder]]s, or [[psychosis]].<ref name=WaPo20070114 /><ref name=nyt20081112 /><ref name=kmir20150212/><ref name="PsychologyToday"/>
Multiple medical professionals have concluded that these experiences are [[hallucination]]s, the result of [[delusional disorder]]s, or [[psychosis]].<ref name=WaPo20070114 /><ref name=nyt20081112 /><ref name=kmir20150212/><ref name="PsychologyToday"/>


== Experiences ==
The experiences of people who describe themselves as undergoing electronic harassment using esoteric technology, and who call themselves "targeted individuals" ("T.I."), vary, but experiences often include hearing voices in their heads calling them by name, often mocking them or others around them, as well as physical sensations like burning.<ref name=WaPo20070114/><ref name=nyt20081112 /> They have also described being under physical surveillance by one or more people.<ref name=WaPo20070114 /> Many of these people act and function otherwise normally and included among them are people who are successful in their careers and lives otherwise, and who find these experiences confusing, upsetting, and sometimes shameful, but entirely real.<ref name=WaPo20070114 /> They use news stories, military journals, and declassified national security documents to support their allegations that governments have developed technology that can send voices into people's heads and cause them to feel things.<ref name=WaPo20070114 /> ''[[The New York Times]]'' estimated that there are more than 10,000 people who self-identify as targeted individuals.<ref name="NYT3" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/story/mind-games-the-tortured-lives-of-targeted-individuals/|title=Mind Games: The Tortured Lives of 'Targeted Individuals'|last=Yan|first=Laura|date=2018-03-04|magazine=Wired|access-date=2019-01-21|issn=1059-1028}}</ref>


Psychologist Lorraine Sheridan co-authored a study of gang-stalking in the ''[[Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology]]''. According to Sheridan, "One has to think of the T.I. phenomenon in terms of people with paranoid symptoms who have hit upon the gang-stalking idea as an explanation of what is happening to them".<ref name="NYT3">{{cite news|last1=McPhate|first1=Mike|title=United States of Paranoia: They See Gangs of Stalkers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/11/health/gang-stalking-targeted-individuals.html|work=The New York Times|date=10 June 2016|access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref> Mental health professionals say that T.I.s can experience [[hallucination]]s and their explanations of being targeted or harassed arise from [[delusional disorder]]s or [[psychosis]].<ref name=WaPo20070114>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011001399_pf.html |title=Mind Games |last=Weinberger|first=Sharon |date=January 14, 2007 | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=12 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="PsychologyToday">{{cite web|last1=Aboujaoude|first1=Elias|title=Psychotic Websites. Does the Internet encourage psychotic thinking?|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/compulsive-acts/200907/psychotic-websites|website=Psychology Today|publisher=Sussex Publishers, LLC, HealthProfs.com|access-date=19 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="Dietrich">{{cite thesis|last1=Dietrich|first1=Elizabeth E|title=Gang stalking : internet connectivity as an emerging mental health concern|url=http://scholarworks.smith.edu/theses/702/|type=Master's thesis |date=January 2015|publisher=Smith College |access-date=15 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=kmir20150212>{{citation |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150829083519/http://www.scrippsmedia.com/kmir6/news/179055911.html |url=http://www.scrippsmedia.com/kmir6/news/179055911.html |title=Electronic Harassment: Voices in My Mind |last=Monroe|first=Angela |publisher=KMIR News|date=13 November 2012 |archive-date=2015-08-29 |access-date=2016-03-10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Aldax">{{cite web|last1=Aldax|first1=Mike|title=Space weapons resolution 'embarrassed' city and negatively impacted mentally ill, vice mayor says|url=http://richmondstandard.com/2015/06/space-weapons-resolution-embarrassed-city-and-negatively-impacted-mentally-ill-vice-mayor-says/|website=Richmond Standard|publisher=Chevron Richmond|access-date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621182040/http://richmondstandard.com/2015/06/space-weapons-resolution-embarrassed-city-and-negatively-impacted-mentally-ill-vice-mayor-says/|archive-date=21 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yale psychiatry professor Ralph Hoffman states that people often ascribe voices in their heads to external sources such as government harassment, God, or dead relatives, and it can be difficult to persuade these individuals that their belief in an external influence is delusional.<ref name=WaPo20070114 /> Other experts compare these stories to accounts of [[alien abduction]]s.<ref name=nyt20081112 />
Psychotronic weapons were reportedly being studied by the Russian Federation during the 1990s<ref name="autofilled2004">{{cite book|author=Leigh Armistead autofilled|title=Information Operations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kxFibw3NxBcC&pg=PA197|access-date=30 April 2013|year=2004|publisher=Potomac Books, Inc.|isbn=978-1-59797-355-7|pages=197–}}</ref><ref name=Parameters>[http://www.carlisle.army.mil/USAWC/Parameters/Articles/98spring/thomas.htm The Mind Has No Firewall], [[Parameters (journal)|Parameters]], Spring 1998, pp. 84-92</ref> with military analyst Lieutenant Colonel Timothy L. Thomas saying in 1998 that there was a strong belief in Russia that weapons for attacking the mind of a soldier were a possibility, although no working devices were reported.<ref name=Parameters /> In Russia, a group called "Victims of Psychotronic Experimentation" attempted to recover damages from the [[Federal Security Service]] during the mid-1990s for alleged infringement of their civil liberties including "beaming rays" at them, putting chemicals in the water, and using magnets to alter their minds. These fears may have been inspired by revelations of secret research into "psychotronic" psychological warfare techniques during the early 1990s, with Vladimir Lopatkin, a [[State Duma]] committee member in 1995, surmising "something that was secret for so many years is the perfect breeding ground for conspiracy theories."<ref>{{cite news| title=Report: Soviets Used Top-Secret 'Psychotronic' Weapons | first=Owen|last=Matthews |work=The Moscow Times | date=July 11, 1995 |url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/report-soviets-used-top-secret-psychotronic-weapons/337288.html|access-date=March 5, 2014}}</ref>


Press accounts have documented individuals who apparently believed they were victims of electronic harassment, and in some cases persuaded courts to agree. In 2008, James Walbert went to court claiming that his former business associate had threatened him with "jolts of radiation" after a disagreement, and later claimed feeling symptoms such as electric shock sensations and hearing strange sounds in his ears. The court decided to issue an order banning "electronic means" to further harass Walbert.<ref>[https://www.wired.com/2009/07/court-to-defendant-stop-blasting-that-mans-mind/ Court to Defendant: Stop Blasting That Man's Mind! Wired magazine BY DAVID HAMBLING July 1, 2009]</ref>
In 2012, Russian Defense Minister [[Anatoly Serdyukov]] and Prime Minister [[Vladimir Putin]] commented on plans to draft proposals for the development of psychotronic weapons.<ref name=NBC20130430>{{cite news|last=Boyle|first=Alan|title=Reality check on Russia's 'zombie ray gun' program|url=http://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/04/06/11061093-reality-check-on-russias-zombie-ray-gun-program?lite|access-date=30 April 2013|newspaper=NBC News|date=April 2012}}</ref> [[NBC News]] Science Editor Alan Boyle dismissed notions that such weapons actually existed, saying, "there's nothing in the comments from Putin and Serdyukov to suggest that the Russians are anywhere close to having psychotronic weapons."<ref name=NBC20130430 />


=== Notable crimes ===
Mike Beck, a former NSA spy, believes his [[Parkinson's disease]] was caused by electronic harassment.<ref name="Shapira2017">{{cite news |last1=Shapira |first1=Ian |title=Was a spy's Parkinson's disease caused by a secret microwave weapon attack? |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 5, 2017 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/was-a-spys-parkinsons-disease-caused-by-a-secret-microwave-weapon-attack/2017/11/26/d5d530e0-c3f5-11e7-afe9-4f60b5a6c4a0_story.html |access-date=7 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref> In 2014, the [[NSA]] gave Beck's attorney [[Mark Zaid]] a statement which said the agency had received "intelligence information from 2012 associating the hostile country to which Mr. Beck traveled in the late 1990s with a high-powered microwave system weapon", but added that "The National Security Agency has no evidence that such a weapon, if it existed and if it was associated with the hostile country in the late 1990s, was or was not used against Mr. Beck".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/legal-financial-fights-mount-havana-syndrome-goes-unsolved-n1286399|title=Legal, financial fights mount as 'Havana Syndrome' goes unsolved|date=22 December 2021|access-date=24 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/01/science/sonic-attack-cuba-microwave.html|title=Microwave Weapons Are Prime Suspect in Ills of U.S. Embassy Workers|last=Broad|first=William J.|date=2018-09-01|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-01-06|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> NSA general counsel Glenn Gerstell told ''The Washington Post'' that "the agency has not found any proof that Beck or his co-worker were attacked".<ref name=Shapira2017 />
Various people who describe themselves as undergoing electronic harassment have committed crimes; among those crimes are [[mass shooting]]s.

Fuaed Abdo Ahmed, a 20-year-old man, [[Tensas State Bank hostage crisis|held a man and two women hostage]] at the Tensas State Bank in St. Joseph, Louisiana on August 13, 2013, eventually killing two of the hostages and himself. A subsequent police investigation officially concluded that Ahmed had paranoid schizophrenia and was hearing voices. Ahmed had accused the family of his ex-girlfriend of implanting a "microphone device" of some kind in his head.<ref name=policereport>{{cite news|url=http://theadvocate.com/home/8612131-125/la-bank-hostages-killer-had-no|title=Jim Mustian, Man who killed hostages in north Louisiana bank had mental illness, March 12|newspaper=[[The Advocate (Baton Rouge)|Baton Rouge Morning Advocate]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313181529/http://theadvocate.com/home/8612131-125/la-bank-hostages-killer-had-no|archive-date=March 13, 2014}}</ref>

On September 16, 2013, Aaron Alexis [[Washington Navy Yard shooting|fatally shot twelve people and injured three others]] in the [[Washington Navy Yard]] using a shotgun on which he had written "my ELF weapon", before being killed by responding police officers.<ref name=lowfrequency>Greg Botelho and Joe Sterling (September 26, 2013). [http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/25/us/washington-navy-yard-investigation/?hpt=us_c2 FBI: Navy Yard shooter 'delusional,' said 'low frequency attacks' drove him to kill]. [[CNN]] Retrieved: 26 September 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-24120854 |title=Profile: Navy Yard shooter Aaron Alexis |last1=BBC News |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |date=September 25, 2013 |access-date=September 25, 2013|author1-link=BBC News }}</ref><ref name="Report: Concerns about Navy Yard shooter never reported">{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/03/18/navy-yard-shooter-called-insider-threat/6558373/|title=Report: Concerns about Navy Yard shooter never reported|author=Tom Vanden Brook |newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=March 18, 2014|access-date=October 19, 2014}}</ref> The [[FBI]] concluded that Alexis had "delusional beliefs". These beliefs included that he was being "controlled or influenced by extremely low frequency electromagnetic waves."<ref>{{cite web | last=McDonald | first=Ian | title=FBI: Navy Yard Shooter 'Delusional,' said 'Low Frequency Attacks' Drove Him to Kill | website=FOX40 | date=2013-09-26 | url=http://fox40.com/2013/09/26/fbi-navy-yard-shooter-delusional-said-low-frequency-attacks-drove-him-to-kill/ | access-date=2018-02-12}}</ref>

On November 20, 2014, [[Myron May]] shot and injured three people on the campus of [[Florida State University]] and was killed by responding police officers. Before the event, he had become increasingly anxious that he was under government surveillance and heard voices.<ref name=WaPo20Nov2014>{{cite news|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/11/20/fsu-gunman-remembered-as-hard-worker-kindest-sweetest-person-by-baffled-friends-acquaintances/ |title=FSU gunman was in 'state of crisis' during shooting, investigators say | last1 = Holley | first1=Peter |last2=Larimer |first2=Sarah |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date = November 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/21/us/florida-state-university-shooting.html |title=Gunman at Florida State Spoke of Being Watched |last1=Southall |first1=Ashley |last2=Williams |first2=Timothy |work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-fsu-gunman-voices-shooting-20141121-story.html |title=FSU gunman mailed 10 packages before shooting, contents not dangerous |last1=Queally |first1=James |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=November 21, 2014}}</ref>

Gavin Eugene Long, who [[2016 shooting of Baton Rouge police officers|killed three police officers and injured three others]] in [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]], on July 17, 2016, was a believer in numerous anti-government movements and conspiracy theories, but he was most notably a member of a group dedicated to helping people with "remote brain experimentation, remote neural monitoring of an entire human's body."<ref name=CNN.Killer>{{cite news |first=Joshua |last=Berlinger |title=Gavin Long: Who is Baton Rouge cop killer? |date=July 18, 2016 |access-date=July 18, 2016 |website=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/18/us/who-is-gavin-long/}}</ref>

Matthew Choi, a 30-year-old [[South Africa]]n, who claimed himself under a [[V2K#Conspiracy_theories|V2K]] electronic harassment and made remarks about "being brainwashed through microwave" since 2015, murdered a taxi driver in [[Hong Kong]] on October 12, 2021. The case arose mass attention in the city, and the police described him as "extremely dangerous".<ref>{{cite news |title=Hong Kong police on the lookout for man who killed taxi driver on Tuesday morning
|date=October 12, 2021 |access-date=October 13, 2021 |website=[[South China Morning Post]]|url=https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/news/hong-kong/article/3152165/hong-kong-police-lookout-man-who-killed-taxi-driver}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Manhunt for cabbie killer continues as police provide more info
|date=October 13, 2021 |access-date=October 13, 2021 |website=[[The Standard (Hong Kong)|The Standard]]|url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/181497/Manhunt-for-cabbie-killer-continues-as-police-provide-more-info}}</ref>


== Conspiracy theories ==
== Conspiracy theories ==
Mind control conspiracy advocates believe they have found references to secret weapons in government programs such as "Project Pandora," a [[DARPA]] research effort into biological and behavioral effects of microwave radiation commissioned after the [[Moscow Signal]] incident, when the U.S. embassy in Moscow was bombarded with microwaves by the Soviets beginning in 1953. It was discovered that the Soviets' intent was [[eavesdropping]] and [[radio jamming|electronic jamming]] rather than mind control.<ref name=WaPo20070114/> Project Pandora studied the effects of occupational radiation exposure, and the project's scientific review committee concluded that microwave radiation could not be used for mind control.<ref name="Weinberger2017">{{cite book|author=Sharon Weinberger|title=The Imagineers of War: The Untold Story of DARPA, the Pentagon Agency That Changed the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1ZxDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA195|date=14 March 2017|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-385-35180-5|pages=195–}}</ref> Conspiracy advocates also frequently cite the 2002 [[Air Force Research Laboratory]] patent for using microwaves to send spoken words into someone's head. Although there is no evidence that mind control using microwaves exists, rumors of continued classified research fuel the worries of people who believe they are being targeted.<ref name=WaPo20070114/>
Mind control conspiracy advocates believe they have found references to secret weapons in government programs such as "Project Pandora," a [[DARPA]] research effort into biological and behavioral effects of microwave radiation commissioned after the [[Moscow Signal]] incident, when the U.S. embassy in Moscow was bombarded with microwaves by the Soviets beginning in 1953. It was discovered that the Soviets' intent was [[eavesdropping]] and [[radio jamming|electronic jamming]] rather than mind control.<ref name=WaPo20070114/> Project Pandora studied the effects of occupational radiation exposure, and the project's scientific review committee concluded that microwave radiation could not be used for mind control.<ref name="Weinberger2017">{{cite book|author=Sharon Weinberger|title=The Imagineers of War: The Untold Story of DARPA, the Pentagon Agency That Changed the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1ZxDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA195|date=14 March 2017|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-385-35180-5|pages=195–}}</ref> Conspiracy advocates also frequently cite the 2002 [[Air Force Research Laboratory]] patent for using microwaves to send spoken words into someone's head. Although there is no evidence that mind control using microwaves exists, rumors of continued classified research fuel the worries of people who believe they are being targeted.<ref name=WaPo20070114/>


In 1987, a U.S. [[National Academy of Sciences]] report commissioned by the [[United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine|Army Research Institute]] noted psychotronics as one of the "colorful examples" of claims of psychic warfare that first surfaced in anecdotal descriptions, newspapers, and books during the 1980s. The report cited alleged psychotronic weapons such as a "hyperspatial nuclear howitzer" and beliefs that Russian psychotronic weapons were responsible for [[Legionnaire's disease]] and the sinking of the [[USS Thresher (SSN-593)|USS ''Thresher'']] among claims that "range from incredible to the outrageously incredible." The committee observed that although reports and stories as well as imagined potential uses for such weapons by military decision makers exist, "nothing approaching scientific literature supports the claims of psychotronic weaponry."<ref name="Frazier">{{cite book |author=Kendrick Frazier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iJ1v3bggyr8C&pg=PA153 |title=The Hundredth Monkey: And Other Paradigms of the Paranormal |publisher=Prometheus Books, Publishers |year=1991 |isbn=978-1-61592-401-1 |pages=153– |access-date=4 May 2013}}</ref>
In 1987, a U.S. [[National Academy of Sciences]] report commissioned by the [[United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine|Army Research Institute]] noted psychotronics as one of the "colorful examples" of claims of psychic warfare that first surfaced in anecdotal descriptions, newspapers, and books during the 1980s. The report cited alleged psychotronic weapons such as a "hyperspatial nuclear howitzer" and beliefs that Russian psychotronic weapons were responsible for [[Legionnaire's disease]] and the sinking of the [[USS Thresher (SSN-593)|USS ''Thresher'']] among claims that "range from incredible to the outrageously incredible." The committee observed that although reports and stories as well as imagined potential uses for such weapons by military decision makers exist, "nothing approaching scientific literature supports the claims of psychotronic weaponry."<ref name="Frazier">{{cite book|author=Kendrick Frazier|title=The Hundredth Monkey: And Other Paradigms of the Paranormal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iJ1v3bggyr8C&pg=PA153|access-date=4 May 2013|publisher=Prometheus Books, Publishers|isbn=978-1-61592-401-1|pages=153–|year=1991}}</ref>


Psychotronic weapons were reportedly being studied by the Russian Federation during the 1990s<ref name="autofilled2004">{{cite book|author=Leigh Armistead autofilled|title=Information Operations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kxFibw3NxBcC&pg=PA197|access-date=30 April 2013|year=2004|publisher=Potomac Books, Inc.|isbn=978-1-59797-355-7|pages=197–}}</ref><ref name=Parameters>[http://www.carlisle.army.mil/USAWC/Parameters/Articles/98spring/thomas.htm The Mind Has No Firewall], [[Parameters (journal)|Parameters]], Spring 1998, pp. 84-92</ref> with military analyst Lieutenant Colonel Timothy L. Thomas saying in 1998 that there was a strong belief in Russia that weapons for attacking the mind of a soldier were a possibility, although no working devices were reported.<ref name=Parameters /> In Russia, a group called "Victims of Psychotronic Experimentation" attempted to recover damages from the [[Federal Security Service]] during the mid-1990s for alleged infringement of their civil liberties including "beaming rays" at them, putting chemicals in the water, and using magnets to alter their minds. These fears may have been inspired by revelations of secret research into "psychotronic" psychological warfare techniques during the early 1990s, with Vladimir Lopatkin, a [[State Duma]] committee member in 1995, surmising "something that was secret for so many years is the perfect breeding ground for conspiracy theories."<ref>{{cite news| title=Report: Soviets Used Top-Secret 'Psychotronic' Weapons | first=Owen|last=Matthews |work=The Moscow Times | date=July 11, 1995 |url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/report-soviets-used-top-secret-psychotronic-weapons/337288.html|access-date=March 5, 2014}}</ref>
Psychotronic weapons were reportedly being studied by the Russian Federation during the 1990s<ref name="autofilled2004">{{cite book|author=Leigh Armistead autofilled|title=Information Operations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kxFibw3NxBcC&pg=PA197|access-date=30 April 2013|year=2004|publisher=Potomac Books, Inc.|isbn=978-1-59797-355-7|pages=197–}}</ref><ref name=Parameters>[http://www.carlisle.army.mil/USAWC/Parameters/Articles/98spring/thomas.htm The Mind Has No Firewall], [[Parameters (journal)|Parameters]], Spring 1998, pp. 84-92</ref> with military analyst Lieutenant Colonel Timothy L. Thomas saying in 1998 that there was a strong belief in Russia that weapons for attacking the mind of a soldier were a possibility, although no working devices were reported.<ref name=Parameters /> In Russia, a group called "Victims of Psychotronic Experimentation" attempted to recover damages from the [[Federal Security Service]] during the mid-1990s for alleged infringement of their civil liberties including "beaming rays" at them, putting chemicals in the water, and using magnets to alter their minds. These fears may have been inspired by revelations of secret research into "psychotronic" psychological warfare techniques during the early 1990s, with Vladimir Lopatkin, a [[State Duma]] committee member in 1995, surmising "something that was secret for so many years is the perfect breeding ground for conspiracy theories."<ref>{{cite news| title=Report: Soviets Used Top-Secret 'Psychotronic' Weapons | first=Owen|last=Matthews |work=The Moscow Times | date=July 11, 1995 |url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/report-soviets-used-top-secret-psychotronic-weapons/337288.html|access-date=March 5, 2014}}</ref>

Revision as of 18:50, 28 March 2024

This article is about purported harassment and torture with covert energy weapons. For the harming or harassing via the World Wide Web or similar, see Cyberbullying and Cyberstalking.

Electronic harassment, electromagnetic torture, or psychotronic torture is the delusional belief that malicious actors (often government agents or crime rings) make use of electromagnetic radiation (such as the microwave auditory effect), radar, and surveillance techniques to transmit sounds and thoughts into people's heads, affect people's bodies, and harass people.[1][2] Individuals who claim to experience this call themselves "targeted individuals" (TIs). Some claim they are victims of gang stalking and many have created or joined support and advocacy groups.[3][4]

Multiple medical professionals have concluded that these experiences are hallucinations, the result of delusional disorders, or psychosis.[1][2][5][6]

Experiences

The experiences of people who describe themselves as undergoing electronic harassment using esoteric technology, and who call themselves "targeted individuals" ("T.I."), vary, but experiences often include hearing voices in their heads calling them by name, often mocking them or others around them, as well as physical sensations like burning.[1][2] They have also described being under physical surveillance by one or more people.[1] Many of these people act and function otherwise normally and included among them are people who are successful in their careers and lives otherwise, and who find these experiences confusing, upsetting, and sometimes shameful, but entirely real.[1] They use news stories, military journals, and declassified national security documents to support their allegations that governments have developed technology that can send voices into people's heads and cause them to feel things.[1] The New York Times estimated that there are more than 10,000 people who self-identify as targeted individuals.[7][8]

Psychologist Lorraine Sheridan co-authored a study of gang-stalking in the Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology. According to Sheridan, "One has to think of the T.I. phenomenon in terms of people with paranoid symptoms who have hit upon the gang-stalking idea as an explanation of what is happening to them".[7] Mental health professionals say that T.I.s can experience hallucinations and their explanations of being targeted or harassed arise from delusional disorders or psychosis.[1][6][9][5][10] Yale psychiatry professor Ralph Hoffman states that people often ascribe voices in their heads to external sources such as government harassment, God, or dead relatives, and it can be difficult to persuade these individuals that their belief in an external influence is delusional.[1] Other experts compare these stories to accounts of alien abductions.[2]

Press accounts have documented individuals who apparently believed they were victims of electronic harassment, and in some cases persuaded courts to agree. In 2008, James Walbert went to court claiming that his former business associate had threatened him with "jolts of radiation" after a disagreement, and later claimed feeling symptoms such as electric shock sensations and hearing strange sounds in his ears. The court decided to issue an order banning "electronic means" to further harass Walbert.[11]

Notable crimes

Various people who describe themselves as undergoing electronic harassment have committed crimes; among those crimes are mass shootings.

Fuaed Abdo Ahmed, a 20-year-old man, held a man and two women hostage at the Tensas State Bank in St. Joseph, Louisiana on August 13, 2013, eventually killing two of the hostages and himself. A subsequent police investigation officially concluded that Ahmed had paranoid schizophrenia and was hearing voices. Ahmed had accused the family of his ex-girlfriend of implanting a "microphone device" of some kind in his head.[12]

On September 16, 2013, Aaron Alexis fatally shot twelve people and injured three others in the Washington Navy Yard using a shotgun on which he had written "my ELF weapon", before being killed by responding police officers.[13][14][15] The FBI concluded that Alexis had "delusional beliefs". These beliefs included that he was being "controlled or influenced by extremely low frequency electromagnetic waves."[16]

On November 20, 2014, Myron May shot and injured three people on the campus of Florida State University and was killed by responding police officers. Before the event, he had become increasingly anxious that he was under government surveillance and heard voices.[17][18][19]

Gavin Eugene Long, who killed three police officers and injured three others in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, on July 17, 2016, was a believer in numerous anti-government movements and conspiracy theories, but he was most notably a member of a group dedicated to helping people with "remote brain experimentation, remote neural monitoring of an entire human's body."[20]

Matthew Choi, a 30-year-old South African, who claimed himself under a V2K electronic harassment and made remarks about "being brainwashed through microwave" since 2015, murdered a taxi driver in Hong Kong on October 12, 2021. The case arose mass attention in the city, and the police described him as "extremely dangerous".[21][22]

Conspiracy theories

Mind control conspiracy advocates believe they have found references to secret weapons in government programs such as "Project Pandora," a DARPA research effort into biological and behavioral effects of microwave radiation commissioned after the Moscow Signal incident, when the U.S. embassy in Moscow was bombarded with microwaves by the Soviets beginning in 1953. It was discovered that the Soviets' intent was eavesdropping and electronic jamming rather than mind control.[1] Project Pandora studied the effects of occupational radiation exposure, and the project's scientific review committee concluded that microwave radiation could not be used for mind control.[23] Conspiracy advocates also frequently cite the 2002 Air Force Research Laboratory patent for using microwaves to send spoken words into someone's head. Although there is no evidence that mind control using microwaves exists, rumors of continued classified research fuel the worries of people who believe they are being targeted.[1]

In 1987, a U.S. National Academy of Sciences report commissioned by the Army Research Institute noted psychotronics as one of the "colorful examples" of claims of psychic warfare that first surfaced in anecdotal descriptions, newspapers, and books during the 1980s. The report cited alleged psychotronic weapons such as a "hyperspatial nuclear howitzer" and beliefs that Russian psychotronic weapons were responsible for Legionnaire's disease and the sinking of the USS Thresher among claims that "range from incredible to the outrageously incredible." The committee observed that although reports and stories as well as imagined potential uses for such weapons by military decision makers exist, "nothing approaching scientific literature supports the claims of psychotronic weaponry."[24]

Psychotronic weapons were reportedly being studied by the Russian Federation during the 1990s[25][26] with military analyst Lieutenant Colonel Timothy L. Thomas saying in 1998 that there was a strong belief in Russia that weapons for attacking the mind of a soldier were a possibility, although no working devices were reported.[26] In Russia, a group called "Victims of Psychotronic Experimentation" attempted to recover damages from the Federal Security Service during the mid-1990s for alleged infringement of their civil liberties including "beaming rays" at them, putting chemicals in the water, and using magnets to alter their minds. These fears may have been inspired by revelations of secret research into "psychotronic" psychological warfare techniques during the early 1990s, with Vladimir Lopatkin, a State Duma committee member in 1995, surmising "something that was secret for so many years is the perfect breeding ground for conspiracy theories."[27]

In 2012, Russian Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov and Prime Minister Vladimir Putin commented on plans to draft proposals for the development of psychotronic weapons.[28] NBC News Science Editor Alan Boyle dismissed notions that such weapons actually existed, saying, "there's nothing in the comments from Putin and Serdyukov to suggest that the Russians are anywhere close to having psychotronic weapons."[28]

Mike Beck, a former NSA spy, believes his Parkinson's disease was caused by electronic harassment.[29] In 2014, the NSA gave Beck's attorney Mark Zaid a statement which said the agency had received "intelligence information from 2012 associating the hostile country to which Mr. Beck traveled in the late 1990s with a high-powered microwave system weapon", but added that "The National Security Agency has no evidence that such a weapon, if it existed and if it was associated with the hostile country in the late 1990s, was or was not used against Mr. Beck".[30][31] NSA general counsel Glenn Gerstell told The Washington Post that "the agency has not found any proof that Beck or his co-worker were attacked".[29]

Support and advocacy communities

There are extensive online support networks and numerous websites maintained by people fearing mind control. Palm Springs psychiatrist Alan Drucker has identified evidence of delusional disorders on many of these websites,[5] and psychologists agree that such sites negatively reinforce mental troubles, while some say that the sharing and acceptance of a common delusion could function as a form of group cognitive therapy.[2]

According to psychologist Sheridan, the amount of content online about electronic harassment that suggests it is a fact without any debate on the subject, creates a harmful, ideological, platform for such behavior.[7]

As part of a 2006 British study by Vaughan Bell, independent psychiatrists determined "signs of psychosis are strongly present" based on evaluation of a sample of online mind-control accounts whose posters were "very likely to be schizophrenic."[6] Psychologists have identified many examples of people reporting "mind control experiences" (MCEs) on self-published web pages that are "highly likely to be influenced by delusional beliefs." Common themes include "bad guys" using "psychotronics" and "microwaves," frequent mention of the CIA's MKULTRA project and frequent citing of a scientific paper entitled "Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy."[32]

Some people who describe themselves as undergoing electronic harassment have organized and campaigned to stop the use of alleged psychotronic and other mind control weapons.[1][2] These campaigns have received some support from public figures, including former U.S. Congressman Dennis Kucinich, who included a provision banning "psychotronic weapons" in a 2001 bill that was later dropped,[1] and former Missouri State Representative Jim Guest.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Weinberger, Sharon (January 14, 2007). "Mind Games". The Washington Post. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Kershaw, Sarah (November 12, 2008). "Sharing Their Demons on the Web". The New York Times.
  3. ^ Brian A. Sharpless (15 November 2016). Unusual and Rare Psychological Disorders: A Handbook for Clinical Practice and Research. Oxford University Press. pp. 40–. ISBN 978-0-19-024586-3.
  4. ^ "Mind Games", The Washington Post, January 14, 2007
  5. ^ a b c Monroe, Angela (13 November 2012), Electronic Harassment: Voices in My Mind, KMIR News, archived from the original on 2015-08-29, retrieved 2016-03-10
  6. ^ a b c Aboujaoude, Elias. "Psychotic Websites. Does the Internet encourage psychotic thinking?". Psychology Today. Sussex Publishers, LLC, HealthProfs.com. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
  7. ^ a b c McPhate, Mike (10 June 2016). "United States of Paranoia: They See Gangs of Stalkers". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  8. ^ Yan, Laura (2018-03-04). "Mind Games: The Tortured Lives of 'Targeted Individuals'". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2019-01-21.
  9. ^ Dietrich, Elizabeth E (January 2015). Gang stalking : internet connectivity as an emerging mental health concern (Master's thesis). Smith College. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  10. ^ Aldax, Mike. "Space weapons resolution 'embarrassed' city and negatively impacted mentally ill, vice mayor says". Richmond Standard. Chevron Richmond. Archived from the original on 21 June 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  11. ^ Court to Defendant: Stop Blasting That Man's Mind! Wired magazine BY DAVID HAMBLING July 1, 2009
  12. ^ "Jim Mustian, Man who killed hostages in north Louisiana bank had mental illness, March 12". Baton Rouge Morning Advocate. Archived from the original on March 13, 2014.
  13. ^ Greg Botelho and Joe Sterling (September 26, 2013). FBI: Navy Yard shooter 'delusional,' said 'low frequency attacks' drove him to kill. CNN Retrieved: 26 September 2013.
  14. ^ BBC News (September 25, 2013). "Profile: Navy Yard shooter Aaron Alexis". BBC News. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
  15. ^ Tom Vanden Brook (March 18, 2014). "Report: Concerns about Navy Yard shooter never reported". USA Today. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  16. ^ McDonald, Ian (2013-09-26). "FBI: Navy Yard Shooter 'Delusional,' said 'Low Frequency Attacks' Drove Him to Kill". FOX40. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
  17. ^ Holley, Peter; Larimer, Sarah (November 20, 2014). "FSU gunman was in 'state of crisis' during shooting, investigators say". The Washington Post.
  18. ^ Southall, Ashley; Williams, Timothy (November 20, 2014). "Gunman at Florida State Spoke of Being Watched". The New York Times.
  19. ^ Queally, James (November 21, 2014). "FSU gunman mailed 10 packages before shooting, contents not dangerous". Los Angeles Times.
  20. ^ Berlinger, Joshua (July 18, 2016). "Gavin Long: Who is Baton Rouge cop killer?". CNN. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  21. ^ "Hong Kong police on the lookout for man who killed taxi driver on Tuesday morning". South China Morning Post. October 12, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  22. ^ "Manhunt for cabbie killer continues as police provide more info". The Standard. October 13, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  23. ^ Sharon Weinberger (14 March 2017). The Imagineers of War: The Untold Story of DARPA, the Pentagon Agency That Changed the World. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 195–. ISBN 978-0-385-35180-5.
  24. ^ Kendrick Frazier (1991). The Hundredth Monkey: And Other Paradigms of the Paranormal. Prometheus Books, Publishers. pp. 153–. ISBN 978-1-61592-401-1. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
  25. ^ Leigh Armistead autofilled (2004). Information Operations. Potomac Books, Inc. pp. 197–. ISBN 978-1-59797-355-7. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  26. ^ a b The Mind Has No Firewall, Parameters, Spring 1998, pp. 84-92
  27. ^ Matthews, Owen (July 11, 1995). "Report: Soviets Used Top-Secret 'Psychotronic' Weapons". The Moscow Times. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
  28. ^ a b Boyle, Alan (April 2012). "Reality check on Russia's 'zombie ray gun' program". NBC News. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  29. ^ a b Shapira, Ian (December 5, 2017). "Was a spy's Parkinson's disease caused by a secret microwave weapon attack?". The Washington Post. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  30. ^ "Legal, financial fights mount as 'Havana Syndrome' goes unsolved". 22 December 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  31. ^ Broad, William J. (2018-09-01). "Microwave Weapons Are Prime Suspect in Ills of U.S. Embassy Workers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
  32. ^ Bell, Vaughan; Maiden, Carla; Muñoz-Solomando, Antonio; Reddy, Venu (2006). "'Mind control' experiences on the internet: implications for the psychiatric diagnosis of delusions". Psychopathology. 39 (2). Psychopathology, 39(2), 87-91: 87–91. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.99.9838. doi:10.1159/000090598. PMID 16391510. S2CID 6362668.

External links

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