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season = [[2009-10 in English football|2009–10]] |
season = [[2009-10 in English football|2009–10]] |
position = Premier League, 5th |
position = Premier League, 5th |
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Revision as of 17:00, 14 August 2010

Manchester City
File:Mclogo.png
Full nameManchester City Football Club
Nickname(s)The Citizens, The Blues, City
Founded1880, as
St Mark's (West Gorton)
GroundCity of Manchester Stadium
Manchester
England
Capacity47,726[1]
OwnerSheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan
ChairmanKhaldoon Al Mubarak
ManagerRoberto Mancini
LeaguePremier League
2009–10Premier League, 5th
Current season

Manchester City Football Club is an English FA Premier League football club. The club is based at the City of Manchester Stadium, the fifth-largest stadium in the league and sixth-largest nationally.

The first known competitive fixture was played in November 1880, when the side was known as St. Mark's (West Gorton); they then became Ardwick Association Football Club in 1887 before changing their name to Manchester City Football Club in 1894. The club's most successful period was in the late 1960s and early 1970s when they won the League Championship, the FA Cup, the League Cup and European Cup Winners' Cup under the management team of Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison and with players including Colin Bell, Mike Summerbee and Francis Lee.

Since winning the League Cup in 1976, the club has failed to win any major honours. The club's decline led to relegation twice in three years in the 1990s, spending the 1998–99 season in the third tier of English football. The club has since regained top flight status, the level at which they have spent the majority of their history. In 2008 they were purchased by the Abu Dhabi United Group, making the club one of the most financially powerful in the world, resulting in the transfers of a number of high profile players. They are currently managed by Roberto Mancini.

History

Further information: History of Manchester City F.C.

It is widely accepted that Manchester City F.C. was founded as St. Mark's (West Gorton) in 1880 by Anna Connell and two churchwardens of St. Mark's Church, in Gorton, a district in east Manchester.[2] Prior to this, St. Mark's played cricket from 1875 and the side evolved out of that cricket team – the key organiser was Church Warden William Beastow.[3] In 1887, they moved to a new ground at Hyde Road, in Ardwick just to the east of the city centre, and were renamed Ardwick Association Football Club to reflect their new location.[4] Ardwick joined the Football League as founding members of the Second Division in 1892. Financial troubles in the 1893–94 season led to a reorganisation within the club, and Ardwick were reformed as Manchester City Football Club.[5]

A group of thirteen men, eleven in association football attire typical of the early twentieth century and two in suits. A trophy sits in front of them
The Manchester City team which won the FA Cup in 1904

City gained their first honours by winning the Second Division in 1899; with it came promotion to the highest level in English football, the First Division. They went on to claim their first major honour on 23 April 1904, beating Bolton Wanderers 1–0 at Crystal Palace to win the FA Cup; City narrowly missed out on a League and Cup double that season after finishing runners-up in the League.[6] In the seasons following the FA Cup triumph, the club was dogged by allegations of financial irregularities, culminating in the suspension of seventeen players in 1906, including captain Billy Meredith, who subsequently moved across town to Manchester United.[7] A fire at Hyde Road destroyed the main stand in 1920, and in 1923 the club moved to their new purpose-built stadium at Maine Road in Moss Side.

In the 1930s, Manchester City reached two consecutive FA Cup finals, losing to Everton in 1933, before claiming the Cup by beating Portsmouth in 1934.[8] The club won the First Division title for the first time in 1937, but were relegated the following season, despite scoring more goals than any other team in the division.[9]

Twenty years later, a City team inspired by a tactical system known as the Revie Plan reached consecutive FA Cup finals again, in 1955 and 1956; just as in the 1930s, they lost the first one, to Newcastle United, and won the second. The 1956 final, in which Manchester City beat Birmingham City 3–1, is one of the most famous finals of all-time, and is remembered for City goalkeeper Bert Trautmann continuing to play on after unknowingly breaking his neck.[10]

After relegation to the Second Division in 1963, the future looked bleak with a record low home attendance of 8,015 against Swindon Town in January 1965.[11] In the summer of 1965, the management team of Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison was appointed. In the first season under Mercer, City won the Second Division title and made important signings in Mike Summerbee and Colin Bell.[12] Two seasons later, in 1967–68, Manchester City claimed the League Championship for the second time, clinching the title on the final day of the season with a 4–3 win at Newcastle United and beating their close neighbours Manchester United into second place.[13] Further trophies followed: City won the FA Cup in 1969, before achieving European success by winning the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1970, beating Górnik Zabrze 2–1 in Vienna.[14] City also won the League Cup that season, becoming the second English team to win a European trophy and a domestic trophy in the same season.

The club continued to challenge for honours throughout the 1970s, finishing just one point behind the league champions on two occasions and reaching the final of the 1974 League Cup.[15] One of the matches from this period that is most fondly remembered by supporters of Manchester City is the final match of the 1973–74 season against arch-rivals Manchester United, who needed to win to have any hope of avoiding relegation. Former United player Denis Law scored with a backheel to give City a 1–0 win at Old Trafford and confirm the relegation of their rivals.[16][17] The final trophy of the club's most successful period was won in 1976, when Newcastle United were beaten 2–1 in the League Cup final.

A long period of decline followed the success of the 1960s and 1970s. Malcolm Allison rejoined the club to become manager for the second time in 1979, but squandered large sums of money on unsuccessful signings, such as Steve Daley.[18] A succession of managers then followed – seven in the 1980s alone, the first being John Bond who succeeded Allison in October 1980. Under Bond, City reached the 1981 FA Cup final but lost in a replay to Tottenham Hotspur. The following season began well and they went top of the league just after Christmas, only to finish mid-table at the end of the season. They were relegated a year later, and reclaimed their top flight status two years afterwards, only to lose it within another two years. They returned to the top flight again in 1989 and finished fifth in 1991 and 1992 under the management of Peter Reid.[19] However, this was only a temporary respite, and following Reid's departure Manchester City's fortunes continued to fade. City were founders of the Premier League upon its creation in 1992, but after finishing ninth in its first season they endured three seasons of struggle before being relegated in 1996. Two years after that, they were relegated to Division Two – becoming the first former winners of a European trophy to be relegated to the third tier of their domestic league.

After relegation, the club underwent off-the-field upheaval, with new chairman David Bernstein introducing greater fiscal discipline.[20] City were promoted at the first attempt, achieved in dramatic fashion in a play-off against Gillingham. A second successive promotion saw City return to the top division, but this proved to have been a step too far for the recovering club, and in 2001 City were relegated once more. Kevin Keegan arrived as the new manager in the close season, bringing an immediate return to the top division as the club won the 2001–02 Division One championship, breaking club records for the number of points gained and goals scored in a season in the process.[21]

A football match in progress featuring a team in blue and a team in yellow. In the background, stands are visible. They are well occupied
Manchester City (blue) in action against Wigan Athletic in the FA Cup, January 2006

The 2002–03 season was the last at Maine Road, and included a 3–1 derby victory over rivals Manchester United, ending a run of 13 years without a derby win.[22] City also qualified for European competition for the first time in 25 years. In the 2003 close season the club moved to the new City of Manchester Stadium. The first four seasons at the stadium all resulted in mid-table finishes. Former England manager Sven-Göran Eriksson became the club's first manager from overseas when appointed in 2007.[23] After a bright start performances faded in the second half of the season, and Eriksson was sacked in June 2008.[24] Eriksson was replaced by Mark Hughes two days later on 4 June 2008.[25]

In August 2008, the club was purchased by Abu Dhabi United Group. The takeover was immediately followed by a flurry of bids for high profile players; the club broke the British transfer record by signing Brazilian international Robinho from Real Madrid for £32.5 million.[26] City finished tenth, and also reached the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup. During the summer of 2009 the club took transfer spending to an unprecedented level, with an outlay of over £100 million on players Gareth Barry, Roque Santa Cruz, Kolo Touré, Emmanuel Adebayor, Carlos Tévez and Joleon Lescott.[27]

On 19 December 2009 it was announced that Mark Hughes had been replaced as manager by Roberto Mancini.[28] City finished the season in fifth position in the Premier League, narrowly missing out on a place in the Champions League, and compete in the Europa League in season 2010-11. Prior to the start of the 2010-11 season, Man City completed the transfers of Jérôme Boateng[29], Yaya Touré[30], David Silva [31], Aleksandar Kolarov [32] and Mario Balotelli[33]

Reserves and Academy

Main article: Manchester City F.C. Reserves and Academy

The reserves play in the Barclays Premier Reserve League North and also compete in the Manchester Senior Cup. The club have fielded a reserve team since 1892, when the reserves played in the Lancashire Combination. The reserves were champions of the Lancashire Combination in 1901/02.They left the Lancashire Combination in 1911 to join the Central League upon its formation. The reserves played in The Central League until 2000, winning it on three occasions; the 1977/78, 1986/87 and 1999/2000 seasons.

Manchester City's Academy is responsible for youth development at the club, with the goal of developing young players for the future. The club's first youth team was set up by Albert Alexander in the 1920s, known as the 'A' Team. From 1951 the 'A' team competed in the Lancashire League against reserve and youth teams of other clubs from North West England. From 1955 a second youth team, the 'B' team, typically comprising younger players than the 'A' team, competed in Division Two of the Lancashire League. The current form of the academy team have had 31 graduates since 1998, the most notable being Shaun Wright-Phillips. 11 of these players are still at the club and in the past 2 years, there have been 5 graduates, these being Vladimír Weiss, Dedryck Boyata, Abdisalam Ibrahim, Greg Cunningham and Alex Nimely.

Club crest and colours

Main article: Manchester City F.C. strip
A round badge with the words "Manchester City F.C." around the edge. In the middle is a shield with a ship in the upper half and red rose in the lower half
Manchester City crest from 1972–1997

Manchester City's home colours are sky blue and white. Traditional away kit colours have been either maroon or (from the 1960s) red and black; however, in recent years several different colours have been used. The origins of the club's home colours are unclear, but there is evidence that the club has worn blue since 1892 or earlier. A booklet entitled Famous Football Clubs – Manchester City published in the 1940s indicates that West Gorton (St. Marks) originally played in scarlet and black, and reports dating from 1884 describe the team wearing black jerseys bearing a white cross, showing the club's origins as a church side.[34] The red and black away colours come from former assistant manager Malcolm Allison, who believed that adopting the colours of AC Milan would inspire City to glory.[35]

The current club crest was adopted in 1997, a result of the previous crest being ineligible for registration as a trademark. The badge is based on the arms of the city of Manchester, and consists of a shield in front of a golden eagle. The shield features a ship on its upper half representing the Manchester Ship Canal, and three diagonal stripes in the lower half, for the city's three rivers. The bottom of the badge bears the motto Superbia in Proelio, which translates as Pride in Battle in Latin. Above the eagle and shield are three massive stars, each star represents a decade since the club last won a major trophy which currently stands at 34 years, a fourth star will be added in 2016 if the club fail to win a trophy by then.

City have previously worn two other crests on their shirts. The first, introduced in 1970, was based on designs which had been used on official club documentation since the mid-1960s. It consisted of a circular badge which used the same shield as the current crest, inside a circle bearing the name of the club. In 1972, this was replaced by a variation which replaced the lower half of the shield with the red rose of Lancashire. On occasions when Manchester City plays in a major cup final, the usual crest has not been used; instead shirts bearing a badge of the arms of the City of Manchester are used, as a symbol of pride in representing the city of Manchester at a major event. This practice originates from a time when the players' shirts did not normally bear a badge of any kind, but has continued throughout the history of the club.[36] It is unknown if the tradition would still be practised by Manchester City, as the club has not reached a major final for over 29 years.

Players and staff

As of 29 July 2010.[37][38]

Current squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK Republic of Ireland IRL Shay Given
2 DF England ENG Micah Richards
3 DF England ENG Wayne Bridge
4 MF Belgium BEL Vincent Kompany
5 DF Argentina ARG Pablo Zabaleta
6 MF England ENG Michael Johnson
7 MF Republic of Ireland IRL Stephen Ireland
8 MF England ENG Shaun Wright-Phillips
9 FW Togo TOG Emmanuel Adebayor
10 FW Brazil BRA Robinho
11 MF England ENG Adam Johnson
12 GK England ENG Stuart Taylor
13 DF Serbia SRB Aleksandar Kolarov
14 FW Paraguay PAR Roque Santa Cruz
17 DF Germany GER Jérôme Boateng
18 MF England ENG Gareth Barry
19 DF England ENG Joleon Lescott
20 FW Ecuador ECU Felipe Caicedo
21 MF Spain ESP David Silva
No. Pos. Nation Player
24 MF France FRA Patrick Vieira
25 GK England ENG Joe Hart
26 GK Colombia COL David González
27 FW Brazil BRA Jô
28 DF Ivory Coast CIV Kolo Touré (vice-captain)
29 MF Nigeria NGA Kelvin Etuhu
30 DF England ENG Shaleum Logan
32 FW Argentina ARG Carlos Tévez (captain)
34 MF Netherlands NED Nigel de Jong
36 DF England ENG Javan Vidal
38 DF Belgium BEL Dedryck Boyata
39 FW Wales WAL Craig Bellamy
40 MF Slovakia SVK Vladimír Weiss
42 MF Ivory Coast CIV Yaya Touré
43 FW England ENG Alex Nimely
45 DF Republic of Ireland IRL Greg Cunningham
50 MF Norway NOR Abdisalam Ibrahim
— FW Italy ITA Mario Balotelli
See also: Manchester City F.C. Reserves and Academy

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— DF England ENG Nedum Onuoha (at Sunderland until August 2011)[39]
37 GK Faroe Islands FRO Gunnar Nielsen (at Tranmere Rovers until January 2011)[40]

Retired numbers

Main article: Retired numbers in football

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
23 MF Cameroon CMR Marc-Vivien Foé (posthumous honour)

Since 2003, Manchester City have not issued the squad number 23. It was retired in memory of Marc-Vivien Foé, who was on loan to the club from Lyon at the time of his death on the field of play whilst playing for Cameroon in the 2003 Confederations Cup.[41]

Hall of Fame

See also: List of Manchester City F.C. players

The following players are members of Manchester City's Hall of Fame,[42] and are listed according to the year of their Manchester City first-team debut (year in parentheses):

Management team

Current Manchester City manager, Roberto Mancini
Position Name
Manager Italy Roberto Mancini
Assistant manager England Brian Kidd
First team coach Italy Fausto Salsano
First team coach England David Platt
First team coach Italy Attilio Lombardo
Goalkeeping coach Italy Massimo Battara
Fitness coach Italy Ivan Carminati
International academy director England Jim Cassell
Under-21 elite development manager England Andy Welsh
Head of Platt Lane Academy England Mark Allen
Academy team manager England Scott Sellars

Former managers

Main article: List of Manchester City F.C. managers

The following managers have all won at least one major trophy with Manchester City (totals include competitive matches only):[43]

Name From To Played Won  Drawn Lost
Scotland Tom Maley 1902 1906 150 89 22 39
England Wilf Wild 1932 1946 354 158 124 72
England Les McDowall 1950 1963 592 220 127 245
England Joe Mercer 1965 1971 340 149 94 97
England Tony Book 1974 1979 269 114 75 80

Supporters

Main article: Manchester City F.C. supporters

Manchester City has a large fanbase in relation to its comparative lack of success on the pitch. Since moving to the City of Manchester Stadium, Manchester City's average attendances have been in the top six in England,[44] usually in excess of 40,000. Even in the late 1990s, when the club were relegated twice in three seasons and playing in the third tier of English football (then Division Two, now Football League One), home attendances were in the region of 30,000, compared to an average for the division of fewer than 8,000.[45] Research carried out by Manchester City in 2005 estimates a fanbase of 886,000 in the United Kingdom and a total in excess of 2 million worldwide.[46]

Manchester City has a number of supporters organisations, of which three have official recognition: the Official Supporters Club, the Centenary Supporters Association and the International Supporters Club. There have been several fanzines published by supporters; the longest running is King of the Kippax and it is the only one still published.[47]

The City fans' song of choice is a rendition of "Blue Moon", which despite its melancholic theme is belted out with gusto as though it were a heroic anthem. City supporters tend to believe that unpredictability is an inherent trait of their team, and label unexpected results "typical City".[48][49] Events that fans regard as "typical City" include City's being the only reigning English champions ever to be relegated (in 1938), the only team to score and concede over 100 goals in the same season (1957–58),[50] or the more recent example that City were the only team to beat Chelsea in the 2004–05 Premier League, yet in the same season City were knocked out of the FA Cup by Oldham Athletic, a team two divisions lower.

Manchester City's biggest rivalry is with neighbours Manchester United, against whom they contest the Manchester derby. Before the Second World War, when travel to away games was rare, many Mancunian football fans regularly watched both teams even if considering themselves "supporters" of only one. This practice continued into the early 1960s but as travel became easier, and the cost of entry to matches rose, watching both teams became unusual and the rivalry intensified.

A common stereotype is that City fans come from Manchester proper, while United fans come from elsewhere. A 2002 report by a researcher at Manchester Metropolitan University found that while it was true that a higher proportion of City season ticket holders came from Manchester postcode areas (40% compared to United's 29%), there were more United season ticket holders, the lower percentage being due to United's higher overall number of season ticket holders (27,667 compared to City's 16,481). However, the report warned that since the compiling of data in 2001, the number of both City and United season ticket holders had risen; expansion of United's ground and City's move to the City of Manchester Stadium have caused season ticket sales to increase further.[51]

In the late 1980s, City fans started a craze of bringing inflatable objects to matches, primarily oversized bananas. One disputed explanation for the craze is that in a match against West Bromwich Albion chants from fans calling for the introduction of Imre Varadi as a substitute mutated into "Imre Banana". Terraces packed with inflatable-waving supporters became a frequent sight in the 1988–89 season as the craze spread to other clubs (inflatable fish were seen at Grimsby Town), with the phenomenon reaching a peak at City's match at Stoke City on 26 December 1988, a match declared by fanzines as a fancy dress party.[52]

In August 2006, the club became the first to be officially recognised as a "gay-friendly" employer by campaign group Stonewall (UK).[53]

Ownership

Main article: Ownership of Manchester City F.C.

The holding company of Manchester City F.C., Manchester City Limited, is a private limited company, with approximately 54 million shares in issue. The club has been in private hands since 2007, when the major shareholders agreed to sell their holdings to UK Sports Investments Limited (UKSIL), a company controlled by former Thailand prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra. UKSIL then made a formal offer to buy the shares held by several thousand small shareholders.

Prior to the Thaksin takeover, the club was listed on the specialist independent equity market PLUS (formerly OFEX),[54] where it had been listed since 1995. On 6 July 2007, having acquired 75% of the shares, Thaksin de-listed the club and re-registered it as a private company.[55]. By August UKSIL had acquired over 90% of the shares, and exercised its rights under the Companies Act to "squeeze out" the remaining shareholders, and acquire the entire shareholding. Thaksin Shinawatra became chairman of the club and two of Thaksin's children, Pintongta and Panthongtae also became directors. Former chairman John Wardle stayed on the board for a year, but resigned in July 2008 following Nike executive Garry Cook's appointment as executive chairman in May.[56] The club made a pre-tax loss of £11m in the year ending 31 May 2007, the final year for which accounts were published as a public company.[57]

Thaksin's purchase prompted a period of transfer spending at the club,[58] spending in around £30 million,[59] whereas over the previous few seasons net spending had been among the lowest in the division. A year later, this investment was itself dwarfed by larger sums. On 1 September 2008, Abu Dhabi-based Abu Dhabi United Group Investment and Development Limited completed a takeover of Manchester City. The deal, worth a reported £200 million, was announced on the morning of 1 September. It sparked various transfer "deadline-day" rumours and bids such as the club's attempt to gazump Manchester United's protracted bid to sign Dimitar Berbatov from Tottenham Hotspur for a fee in excess of £30 million.[60][61] Minutes before the transfer window closed, the club signed Robinho from Real Madrid for a British record transfer fee of £32.5 million.[62] The wealth of the new owners meant that in the summer of 2009, the club was able to finance the purchase of several experienced international players prior to the new season, spending more than any other club in the Premier League.[63]

Stadium

Main article: City of Manchester stadium

Manchester City's current stadium is the City of Manchester Stadium, also known as "Eastlands", a 47,726 capacity stadium situated in East Manchester, leased from Manchester City Council after the 2002 Commonwealth Games. The stadium has been City's home since the end of the 2002–03 season, when the club moved from Maine Road.[64]

Before moving to the stadium, Manchester City spent in excess of £30 million to convert it to football use. The field of play was lowered by several metres, adding an additional tier of seating around the entire pitch. A new North Stand was also built.[65] The inaugural match at the new stadium was a 2–1 win over FC Barcelona in a friendly match.[66]

Manchester City have used several grounds during their history: after playing home matches at five different stadia between 1880 and 1887, the club settled at Hyde Road, its home for 36 years.[67] After a fire destroyed the Main Stand in 1920, the club started to seek a new site and moved to the 84-000 capacity Maine Road three years later. Maine Road, nicknamed the "Wembley of the North" by its designers, hosted the largest-ever crowd at an English club ground when 84,569 attended an FA Cup tie against Stoke City on 3 March 1934.[68] Though Maine Road was redeveloped several times over its 80-year lifespan, by 1995 its capacity was restricted to 32,000, prompting the search for a new ground which culminated in the move to the City of Manchester Stadium in 2003.

Panorama of the City of Manchester Stadium

Honours

Domestic

European

Preceded by European Cup Winners' Cup Winner
1970
Runner up: Poland Górnik Zabrze 		Succeeded by

Club records

See also

References

  • Buckley, Andy (2000). Blue Moon Rising: The Fall and Rise of Manchester City. Bury: Milo. ISBN 0-9530847-4-4. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Gardner, Peter (1970). The Manchester City Football Book No. 2. London: Stanley Paul. ISBN 0-09-103280-6.
  • Inglis, Simon (1987). The Football Grounds of Great Britain (2nd ed.). London: Collins Willow. ISBN 0-00-218249-1.
  • James, Gary (2002). Manchester: The Greatest City. Polar Publishing. ISBN 1-899538-09-7.
  • James, Gary (2005). The Official Manchester City Hall of Fame. Hamlyn. ISBN 0-600-61282-1.
  • James, Gary (2006). Manchester City – The Complete Record. Derby: Breedon. ISBN 1-85983-512-0.
  • James, Gary (2008). Manchester – A Football History. Halifax: James Ward. ISBN 978-0-9558127-0-5.
  • Penney, Ian (2008). Manchester City: The Mercer-Allison Years. Derby: Breedon. ISBN 978-1-85983-608-8.
  • Rowlands, Alan (2005). Trautmann: The Biography. Derby: Breedon. ISBN 1-85983-491-4.
  • Tossell, David (2008). Big Mal: The High Life and Hard Times of Malcolm Allison, Football Legend. Edinburgh: Mainstream. ISBN 978-1-84596-478-8.
  • Wallace, David (2007). Century City – Manchester City Football Club 1957/58. Leigh: King of the Kippax. ISBN 978-0-9557056-0-1.
  • Ward, Andrew (1984). The Manchester City Story. Derby: Breedon. ISBN 0-907969-05-4.

Footnotes

  1. ^ "Stadium History". Manchester City Football Club. Archived from the original on 8 February 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2009.
  2. ^ James, Manchester City – The Complete Record, pp16–18
  3. ^ James, Gary (2008). Manchester – A Football History. Halifax: James Ward. ISBN 978-0-9558127-0-5. p58
  4. ^ James, Gary (2006). Manchester City – The Complete Record. Derby: Breedon. ISBN 1-85983-512-0. p23
  5. ^ Ward, The Manchester City Story, p8
  6. ^ James, Manchester City – The Complete Record, p32
  7. ^ James, Manchester:The Greatest City, pp 59–65.
  8. ^ Ward, The Manchester City Story, pp31–33
  9. ^ "England 1937/38". league table from RSSSF. Retrieved 29 December 2005.
  10. ^ Rowlands, Trautmann – The Biography, pp178–184
  11. ^ Ward, The Manchester City Story, p57
  12. ^ Penney, Manchester City – The Mercer-Allison Years, pp27–36
  13. ^ Penney, Manchester City – The Mercer-Allison Years, pp37–56
  14. ^ Gardner, The Manchester City Football Book No. 2, pp13–22
  15. ^ James, Manchester City – The Complete Record, pp410–420
  16. ^ Other results meant United would have been relegated even if they had won or drawn, but neither team knew this at the time.
  17. ^ Ward, The Manchester City Story, p70
  18. ^ Tossell, Big Mal, Chapter 18
  19. ^ James, Manchester City – The Complete Record, p68
  20. ^ Buckley, Andy (2000). Blue Moon Rising: The Fall and Rise of Manchester City. Bury: Milo. ISBN 0-9530847-4-4. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) p177
  21. ^ Manchester City – The Complete Record, p265
  22. ^ "Goater double gives City derby win". RTÉ. Retrieved 28 May 2007.
  23. ^ "Eriksson named Man City manager". BBC Sport. 6 July 2007. Retrieved 20 July 2007.
  24. ^ "Eriksson's reign at Man City ends". BBC Sport. 2 June 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
  25. ^ "Manchester City appoint Mark Hughes". Manchester City FC. 4 June 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2009.
  26. ^ a b "Man City beat Chelsea to Robinho". BBC. 1 September 2008. Retrieved 19 September 2009.
  27. ^ "Lescott completes Man City move". BBC Sport. 25 August 2009. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
  28. ^ "Mark Hughes sacked as Man City appoint Mancini manager". BBC Sport. 19 December 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2009.
  29. ^ "Jerome Boateng has agreed the terms of a five-year contract to join Manchester City from German Bundesliga side Hamburg SV". Manchester City official website. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
  30. ^ "Manchester City sign midfielder Yaya Toure". BBC sport. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
  31. ^ "Silva seals City switch". Sky Sports. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  32. ^ http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/American-Pre-season-tour/2010/July/US-Tour-kolarov
  33. ^ "Balotelli signs for City". Manchester City official website. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
  34. ^ James, Manchester: The Greatest City pp. 14–15
  35. ^ Turner, Georgina (23 November 2005). "Nicking the shirts off their backs". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 18 December 2006.
  36. ^ David Clayton, Everything Under the Blue Moon (Mainstream Publishing, 2002), 21
  37. ^ "Official Manchester City Squad Profiles". Manchester City F.C. Retrieved 18 July 2009.
  38. ^ Oscroft, Tim (29 July 2010). "City squad numbers revealed". Manchester City F.C. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
  39. ^ "Onuoha and Tutte out on loan". mcfc.co.uk. 2010-08-11. Retrieved 2010-08-11.
  40. ^ "Rovers Sign International Goalkeeper". Tranmere Rovers F.C. 21 July 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
  41. ^ "Man City retire number 23 shirt". BBC Sport. 27 June 2003. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
  42. ^ "Hall of Fame". Manchester City official website. Archived from the original on September 29, 2006. Retrieved 19 August 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ "Managers". mcfcstats.com. Retrieved 29 March 2006.
  44. ^ "Top 30 English Football Clubs by League Attendances". footballeconomy.com attendance table 2002-2005. Retrieved 30 December 2005.
  45. ^ "Average Attendances – English Football Divisions – 1994/95–2004/05". footballeconomy.com division attendance table 1995–2005. Retrieved 30 December 2005.
  46. ^ "Customer Success – Manchester City Football Club". Hewlett-Packard case study. Retrieved 4 April 2007. (archive.org mirror)
  47. ^ "King of the Kippax fanzine". Retrieved 13 March 2010.
  48. ^ "FA Cup preview". ESPN Star article. Retrieved 24 September 2009. (archive.org mirror)
  49. ^ "Typical City!". Unofficial supporters homepage. Retrieved 25 March 2006.
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  53. ^ Campbell, Denis (26 August 2006). "Top club backs gay rights". Premiership side set to change footballing attitudes by introducing 'gay-friendly' policy.' Homepage. London. Retrieved 27 August 2006.
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