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{{Multiple issues|refimprove = June 2008|copy edit = April 2011|cleanup = April 2011}}
{{Multiple issues|refimprove = June 2008|copy edit = April 2011|cleanup = April 2011}}

[[Image:Afghan Tribal Flag - Yusufzai.jpg|x216px|thumb| text|Flag of the Afghan Tribe - The Yusufzai. Made from historical Texts & references.]]


The '''Yūsufzai''' (also '''Youssofzay''', '''Yousafzai''', '''Esapzey''', '''Yousufi''', or '''Yūsufi''') ([[Pashto]]: '''يوسفزی''', [[Urdu]]: '''یوسف زئی''') are one of the largest [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] tribes. The majority of the Yusufzai tribe reside in parts of Western Afghanistan, the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] and [[Provincially Administered Tribal Areas]] of [[Pakistan]]. and now [[Sindh]] as [[Urdu]] speaking.
The '''Yūsufzai''' (also '''Youssofzay''', '''Yousafzai''', '''Esapzey''', '''Yousufi''', or '''Yūsufi''') ([[Pashto]]: '''يوسفزی''', [[Urdu]]: '''یوسف زئی''') are one of the largest [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] tribes. The majority of the Yusufzai tribe reside in parts of Western Afghanistan, the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] and [[Provincially Administered Tribal Areas]] of [[Pakistan]]. and now [[Sindh]] as [[Urdu]] speaking.
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==Bani Israel & the Ten Lost Tribes==
==Bani Israel & the Ten Lost Tribes==
{{See|Oldest Afghan tribes|Theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites}}
{{See|Oldest Afghan tribes|Theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites
{{see|Pashtun}}
Bani Israel (also Bna'i Israel) literally means, the children of Israel and refers to the [[Assyrian captivity of Israel]] and the [[ten lost tribes]] that settled in [[Median Empire|Media]] (and [[Arachosia]]) and never repatriated to the Holy Land. Numerous historians have identified these four tribes with four of the [[Ten Lost Tribes]].
Bani Israel (also Bna'i Israel) literally means, the children of Israel and refers to the [[Assyrian captivity of Israel]] and the [[ten lost tribes]] that settled in [[Median Empire|Media]] (and [[Arachosia]]) and never repatriated to the Holy Land. Numerous historians have identified these four tribes with four of the [[Ten Lost Tribes]].


* Gandarioi >Yusufzai have been identified as the [[Tribe of Joseph]].<ref>Mountains Before the Temple, By Zechariah Donagan, Page 170, 2009 - 332 pages.</ref><ref>Ancient pillar stones of Scotland; their significance and bearing on ethnology By George Moore, George Moore - 1865 - 179 pages, page 7.</ref><ref>Mountain passages, Jeremy Bernstein, University of Nebraska Press, 1978, Page 256.</ref><ref>Afghan and Pathan: a sketch, George Batley Scott, The Mitre press, 1929 - 188 pages, Page 75.</ref><ref>All over the place: fifty thousand miles by sea, air, road and rail, Sir Compton Mackenzie, Chatto and Windus, 1948 - 292 pages, Page 231.</ref><ref>A British tale of Indian and foreign service: the memoirs of Sir Ian Scott By Sir Ian Scott, Denis Judd, 1999 - 287 pages, Page 64.</ref><ref>India as i Knew it, Page 341.</ref><ref>Statistical, descriptive and historical account of the North-western Provinces of India, ed. by E.T. Atkinson [and others], North-western provinces, 1880 - Page 639.</ref>
* Gandarioi >Yusufzai have been identified as the [[Tribe of Joseph]].<ref>Mountains Before the Temple, By Zechariah Donagan, Page 170, 2009 - 332 pages.</ref><ref>Ancient pillar stones of Scotland; their significance and bearing on ethnology By George Moore, George Moore - 1865 - 179 pages, page 7.</ref><ref>Mountain passages, Jeremy Bernstein, University of Nebraska Press, 1978, Page 256.</ref><ref>Afghan and Pathan: a sketch, George Batley Scott, The Mitre press, 1929 - 188 pages, Page 75.</ref><ref>All over the place: fifty thousand miles by sea, air, road and rail, Sir Compton Mackenzie, Chatto and Windus, 1948 - 292 pages, Page 231.</ref><ref>A British tale of Indian and foreign service: the memoirs of Sir Ian Scott By Sir Ian Scott, Denis Judd, 1999 - 287 pages, Page 64.</ref><ref>India as i Knew it, Page 341.</ref><ref>Statistical, descriptive and historical account of the North-western Provinces of India, ed. by E.T. Atkinson [and others], North-western provinces, 1880 - Page 639.</ref>

* Aparutai > [[Afridi]] or Apridi have been identified as the [[Tribe of Ephraim]].<ref name="Terror Page 56">War on Terror: Unfolding Bible Prophecy, Grant R. Jeffrey, The Doubleday Religious Publishing Group, 2002 - 240 pages, Page 56.</ref><ref name="Israel 1988, Page 43">Forum on the Jewish people, Zionism and Israel , Volume 61, World Zionist Organization. Information Dept, 1988, Page 43.</ref><ref name="Israel Page 19">The mystery of Israel's ten lost tribes and the legend of Jesus in India, Joshua M. Benjamin, Mosaic Books, 2001 - 150 pages, Page 19.</ref><ref name="Lost Ten Tribes Page 89">In the Footsteps of the Lost Ten Tribes, Avigdor Shachan, Laurence Becker, Devora Pub., 2007 - 452 pages, Page 89.</ref><ref name="Itzhak Ben-Zvi Page 200">The exiled and the redeemed, Itzhak Ben-Zvi, Jewish Publication Society of America, 1961 - 285 pages, Page 200.</ref><ref name="Mark Avrum Ehrlich 1129">Encyclopedia of the Jewish diaspora: origins, experiences, and culture, Volume 1 By Mark Avrum Ehrlich, M. Avrum Ehrlich - 2008 - 1320 pages - Page 1129.</ref><ref name="Afghanistan Page 13">Afghanistan: the synagogue and the Jewish home, Zohar Hanegbi, Bracha Yaniv, Center for Jewish Art, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1991 - 222 pages, Page 13.</ref>
* Dadikai > [[Zazi]] or Jaji have been identified as the [[Tribe of Gad]].<ref name="Terror Page 56"/><ref name="Israel 1988, Page 43"/><ref name="Israel Page 19"/><ref name="Lost Ten Tribes Page 89"/><ref name="Itzhak Ben-Zvi Page 200"/><ref>Ariel , Issues 112-115, Israel. Miśrad ha-ḥuts, Israel. Miśrad ha-ḥuts. Maḥlaḳah le-ḳishre tarbut u-madaʻ, Israel. Miśrad ha-ḥuts. Maḥlaḳah le-ḳishre tarbut, Israel. Miśrad ha-ḥuts. Lishkah le-ḳishre tarbut, Cultural and Scientific Relations Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2001.</ref><ref name="Mark Avrum Ehrlich 1129"/><ref name="Afghanistan Page 13"/>
* Sattagudai > [[Khattak]] & Shetak <ref name="Sattygydia">[http://www.livius.org/sao-sd/sattagydia/sattagydia.html "Sattygydia"]</ref> have been identified as the [[Tribe of Manasseh]]<ref>Dastar Nama, Khushal Khan Khattak, Pashto Academy, University of Peshawar, Pakistan.</ref><ref>Pakistan quarterly , Volumes 6-7, 1956 - Page 22.</ref><ref>The Modern review , Volume 86, Issues 1-5, Ramananda Chatterjee, Prabasi Press Private, Ltd., 1949 - Page 314.</ref><ref>Perspective , Volume 4, Pakistan Publications., 1971.</ref><ref>Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society , Volume 54, Issues 3-4, Pakistan Historical Society, 2006 - Page 86.</ref><ref>The races of Afganistan being a brief account of the principal nations, By Henry Walter Bellew, 2004 - 124 pages - Page 120.</ref>


==Tribal divisions==
==Tribal divisions==
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The Yusufzai have fought the British in the 18th and 19th century, especially the [[clans]] of [[Swat, Pakistan|Swat]] and [[Black Mountain of Hazara]]. The battle of [[Ambela, Sura]] took place in 1863. Bakht Khan Rohilla (1797–1859) was the nominal Commandar-in-chief of Indian rebel forces in the Indian Rebellian of 1857 against the British East India Company. He too was a Yousafzai
The Yusufzai have fought the British in the 18th and 19th century, especially the [[clans]] of [[Swat, Pakistan|Swat]] and [[Black Mountain of Hazara]]. The battle of [[Ambela, Sura]] took place in 1863. Bakht Khan Rohilla (1797–1859) was the nominal Commandar-in-chief of Indian rebel forces in the Indian Rebellian of 1857 against the British East India Company. He too was a Yousafzai


During the [[Indo-Pak 1948 war]], the first tribal lashkar sent to fight in Kashmir was send by the Yousafzais from [[Dir]], [[Mardan]] & [[Swabi]], numbering 5000. Lashkar was also sent by the wali (Miangul Abdul-Haqq Jahan Zeb 1908–1987) of swat in 1948. This Lashkar was commanded by Khan Bahadur Muhammad Afarin Khan (1900–1980,Chakesar, Distt. Shangla). Khan Bahadur Mohammad Afarin Khan Shangla, Ex Cammander Swat State Army, and former member west Pakistan Assembly from Swat State, born in 1900 in a noble family of Shangla, Swat. He was 2nd in cammand of his YOUSAFZAI Azakhel tribe only at the age of 11 yrs. He joined Swat State Army in 1921. He was appointed commanding officer ( cammander) of Swat state army and fought 1947-48 Indo Pak war as commanding officer. He gave very tough time to Indian army and destroyed their main posts. Indian army decided to attack with full strength on his post in which he was badly injured , but luckily survived . The Govt. gave him the title of “ BAHADUR “ means Brave, in 1949.
During the [[Indo-Pak 1948 war]], the first tribal lashkar sent to fight in Kashmir was send by the Yousafzais from [[Dir]], [[Mardan]] & [[Swabi]], numbering 5000. Lashkar was also sent by the wali (Miangul Abdul-Haqq Jahan Zeb 1908–1987) of swat in 1948. This Lashkar was commanded by Khan Bahadur Muhammad Afarin Khan (1900–1980,Chakesar, Distt. Shangla).
He got retired from Army in 1950, and started politics.He was first elected member west Pakistan assembly in 1956, 2nd time in 1962, and 3rd time in 1965. In 1974, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto sent Mr. Nasrullah Khan Khattak Governor NWFP Khyber pakhtunkhwa to Chakesar, Shangla to request Mr. Afarin khan to join PPP. M. Afarin khan’s commandable suggestions during the distribution of estates between different tribes of shangla saved people from a lot of blood shed. Afarin khan introduced and then promoted education, health, infrastructure in Shangla / Swat. The Prime minister and Govt. of Azad Kashmir in 1993, rewarded him the title of " “Bahadur" in the remembrance of his valour in Indo-Pak war of 1947-48. He had good congregational relation ships with her highness QUEEN ELIZBETH, of Britain, and Late King Zahir Shah of Afghanistan. He was one of those who were invited from Pakistan, in the Royal wedding of Prince Charles. He was one of the known JIRGA leaders of Yousafzai tribe. His name was also mentioned in the Historical book “ YOUSAFZAI AFGHAN PATHAN’’ published in 1960.


The war hero of Pakistan, Captain Kernal Sher Khan, who showed great valour in [[Kargil district|Kargil]] was from the [[Swabi]] district and belonged to the Yūsufzai tribe.
The war hero of Pakistan, Captain Kernal Sher Khan, who showed great valour in [[Kargil district|Kargil]] was from the [[Swabi]] district and belonged to the Yūsufzai tribe.
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==Demographics==
==Demographics==
Three sections of the tribe, the [[Hassanzai]], [[Akazai]] and [[Chagharzai]], inhabit the west slopes of the Black Mountain, and the Yusufzai country stretches to the [[Utman Khel]] territory. The population demographics of Yusufzais is unknown but there are more than 3 million [[Pashtu]] speaking Yusufzais. The main districts of Yousafzais are Swat,Shangla, Mardan, Malakand, Swabi, Haripur and Dargai.
Three sections of the tribe, the [[Hassanzai]], [[Akazai]] and [[Chagharzai]], inhabit the west slopes of the Black Mountain, and the Yusufzai country stretches to the [[Utman Khel]] territory. The population demographics of Yusufzais is unknown but there are more than 3 million [[Pashtu]] speaking Yusufzais. The main districts of Yousafzais are Swat,Shangla, Mardan, Malakand, Swabi, Haripur and Dargai.

Yousufzais residing Haripur [[Khalabat]], have lost their Pushto language due to continuous proximity with Hindko-speaking tribes of Hazara. Ancient tribe of Yousafzai is Khwajas Khel, who lived at place Bam Khel earlier, but some of them migrated to Buner in the 19th century.
Yousufzais residing Haripur [[Khalabat]], have lost their Pushto language due to continuous proximity with Hindko-speaking tribes of Hazara. Ancient tribe of Yousafzai is Khwajas Khel, who lived at place Bam Khel earlier, but some of them migrated to Buner in the 19th century.

A small colony of [[Yousafzai]] lives in Multan. They speak Urdu and have forgot Pashto. But young generation is interested to adopt their native language, [[pashto]].
A small colony of [[Yousafzai]] lives in Multan. They speak Urdu and have forgot Pashto. But young generation is interested to adopt their native language, [[pashto]].


Revision as of 15:45, 10 August 2011

The Yūsufzai (also Youssofzay, Yousafzai, Esapzey, Yousufi, or Yūsufi) (Pashto: يوسفزی, Urdu: یوسف زئی) are one of the largest Pashtun tribes. The majority of the Yusufzai tribe reside in parts of Western Afghanistan, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Provincially Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. and now Sindh as Urdu speaking.

They are the predominant population in the districts of Dir, Swat, Mardan District, Malakand, Swabi, Buner, Shangla, Haripur District [Khalabat Town Ship and Tarbela] and in Mansehra and Battagram. There is also a Yusufzai clan of Dehwar tribe in the Mastung district of Balochistan who speak Persian with some mixture of Birahvi words.

Origin

Names like Yusufzai, Yusufuzi, Yusufzad are derived from the name Yusuf, meaning Joseph. The name of the Afghan Pashtun tribe Yusufzai, literally means “children of Joseph.” In the 8th century B.C. the Assyrian ruler Tiglath-Pileser III subjugated Palestine, and tens of thousands of the subjected people were then forcibly resettled to what was considered troublesome border regions where they would be dependent on the Assyrian king fhern tribes of Palestine, the people we now refer to as the “Ten Lost Tribes” of Israel. The New Testament mentions cities in modern Iraq and Iran as the destination of Assyrian exiles. It is believed by some that these exiles continued eastward along the Silk Roads to Afghanistan, Pakistan, and even China. Further evidence of their connection to Palestine comes from the Pathans of Afghanistan who also retain family names of the Lost Tribes such as Asher, Gad, Naphtali, Reuben and Manasseh and Ephraim.

Bani Israel & the Ten Lost Tribes

{{See|Oldest Afghan tribes|Theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites

Further information: Pashtun

Bani Israel (also Bna'i Israel) literally means, the children of Israel and refers to the Assyrian captivity of Israel and the ten lost tribes that settled in Media (and Arachosia) and never repatriated to the Holy Land. Numerous historians have identified these four tribes with four of the Ten Lost Tribes.


Tribal divisions

Yusufzai was also the younger son of Manday along with his elder brother Omar. Omar died early and left behind his son Mandanr who married the daughter of his uncle Yusuf. The descendents of both Yusuf and Mandanr are together called Yusufzai.

The descendants of Yusuf inhabit Swat, Upper Dir, Lower Dir, and Malakand while the descendants of Mandanh live in Swabi and Mardan. The begotten tribe of Yusufzai's are the Utmanzai having 3 major subdivions Alizai, Akazai and Kanazai, of Tarbela (now live in Khalabat Town Ship, District Haripur & Nawanshehr District Abbottabad).

Yusafzai speak the northern variant of "Pukhtu" with the hard "kh" replacing the softer "sh" of southern Pashtun tribes. Yusafzai are named after Yusaf who was the son of Manday along with Umar. Mandanr, the son of Umar had four sons namely Munu, Razar, Hazar & Mahmood.

History

They migrated from Kandahar when Mirza Ulugh Beg was governor. He succeeded his father, Shah Rukh, who was a son of Timur (Taimur-e-Lang), in 1446 A.D. In the time of Babur, who first came to Kabul in 1504 A.D., Peshawar had been colonized by Afghan tribes, such as the Swatis and Dilazaks. On his second visit, fourteen years later, he found the Yusufzais had spread into Swat. The current settlement of the Yusufzais must have come about after this time.

The Yusufzai took much of their current lands from the Afghan Dilazaks and Swatis, after a single decisive battle fought on the plains between the villages of Gadar and Langarkot. Babur helped subdue the tribes fighting the Yususfzais, using matchlocks for the first time against the Jahangiri sultan, Mir Haider Ali Gebri of Bajour. In previous battles the armies of Babur where never able to defeat the Yusufzai. In one instance Babur sent an army of 100,000 against the Yusufzai with elephants only to have the entire army almost completely routed.

Wars and famous personalities

The Yousafzai tribe came to Swat in approximately 1450 and began fighting with former Pushtun tribes of Afridi, Tanoli, Swati and Dilazak. After several bloody battles between the Tanolis and the Yousafzais , Sultan Ameer Khan Tanoli was martyred while fighting with Yousafzais at Topi (near Swabi). The Tanolis were pushed to the eastern bank of river Indus.

The Yousafzai tribes ruled northern India for centuries. The British army tried to take control of the Yusufzai parts of northern India but were defeated. Few Yusufzai tribes migrated to Ludhiana, India and became Landlords there. They were the enemy of British and showed great resistance against them in war of independence 1857. Prominently Nawab Abdul Rahman Khan Yousafzai of Jhajjar.Jhajjar He was burnt to fire by British on showing resistance against them. Before Independence of Indo-Pak 1947, his clan migrated to Pakistan. They have settled Sialkot, Lahore and Multan. Yousafzai of Multan have those Pakhtun warrior traits which is their pride. They are Proud of being Yousafzai and are keen towards Pakhto though they speak Urdu.

The Yusufzai have fought the British in the 18th and 19th century, especially the clans of Swat and Black Mountain of Hazara. The battle of Ambela, Sura took place in 1863. Bakht Khan Rohilla (1797–1859) was the nominal Commandar-in-chief of Indian rebel forces in the Indian Rebellian of 1857 against the British East India Company. He too was a Yousafzai

During the Indo-Pak 1948 war, the first tribal lashkar sent to fight in Kashmir was send by the Yousafzais from Dir, Mardan & Swabi, numbering 5000. Lashkar was also sent by the wali (Miangul Abdul-Haqq Jahan Zeb 1908–1987) of swat in 1948. This Lashkar was commanded by Khan Bahadur Muhammad Afarin Khan (1900–1980,Chakesar, Distt. Shangla).

The war hero of Pakistan, Captain Kernal Sher Khan, who showed great valour in Kargil was from the Swabi district and belonged to the Yūsufzai tribe. Another prominent personality of Yousafzai is former Pakistan cricket captain, Younis Khan from Kamalzai, Mardan, who lead Pakistan cricket team win the T20 world cup 2009.

Demographics

Three sections of the tribe, the Hassanzai, Akazai and Chagharzai, inhabit the west slopes of the Black Mountain, and the Yusufzai country stretches to the Utman Khel territory. The population demographics of Yusufzais is unknown but there are more than 3 million Pashtu speaking Yusufzais. The main districts of Yousafzais are Swat,Shangla, Mardan, Malakand, Swabi, Haripur and Dargai.

Yousufzais residing Haripur Khalabat, have lost their Pushto language due to continuous proximity with Hindko-speaking tribes of Hazara. Ancient tribe of Yousafzai is Khwajas Khel, who lived at place Bam Khel earlier, but some of them migrated to Buner in the 19th century.

A small colony of Yousafzai lives in Multan. They speak Urdu and have forgot Pashto. But young generation is interested to adopt their native language, pashto.

Sub-Tribes

• Mandoori • Musa Khel • Amazai • Ahmed khel • Akazai • Azikhel • Babozai • Shamozai • Chagharzai • Hassanzai • Isazai • Kamalzai • Niamatkhel • Maddakhel • Malizai • Ranizai • Razarh • Utmanzai • Rohilla • Jalozai • Shamizai • Nikpikhel • Suleman Khel • Mahabat Khel

See also

References

  1. ^ Mountains Before the Temple, By Zechariah Donagan, Page 170, 2009 - 332 pages.
  2. ^ Ancient pillar stones of Scotland; their significance and bearing on ethnology By George Moore, George Moore - 1865 - 179 pages, page 7.
  3. ^ Mountain passages, Jeremy Bernstein, University of Nebraska Press, 1978, Page 256.
  4. ^ Afghan and Pathan: a sketch, George Batley Scott, The Mitre press, 1929 - 188 pages, Page 75.
  5. ^ All over the place: fifty thousand miles by sea, air, road and rail, Sir Compton Mackenzie, Chatto and Windus, 1948 - 292 pages, Page 231.
  6. ^ A British tale of Indian and foreign service: the memoirs of Sir Ian Scott By Sir Ian Scott, Denis Judd, 1999 - 287 pages, Page 64.
  7. ^ India as i Knew it, Page 341.
  8. ^ Statistical, descriptive and historical account of the North-western Provinces of India, ed. by E.T. Atkinson [and others], North-western provinces, 1880 - Page 639.
  • Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

(1) The history of Youasfzai, author Khan Roshan Khan sahib ahmed yousafzai of shangla

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