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{{Infobox Weapon
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The '''P-500 ''Bazalt''''' ({{lang-ru|П-500 «Базальт»}}; {{lang-en|[[basalt]]}}) is a liquid-fueled, rocket-powered, supersonic [[cruise missile]] used by the [[Soviet Navy|Soviet]] and [[Russian Navy|Russian]] navies. Developed by OKB-52 MAP (later [[NPO Mashinostroyeniye]]), its [[GRAU]] designation is '''4K80'''<ref>{{ru icon}} [http://www.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/bazalt/bazalt.shtml P-500 ''Bazalt'']</ref>. Its [[NATO reporting name]] is '''SS-N-12 ''Sandbox'''''. It entered service in 1973 to replace the [[SS-N-3]] Shaddock. The P-500 Bazalt has a 550&nbsp;km range and a payload of 1,000&nbsp;kg, which allows it to carry a 350&nbsp;kt nuclear or a 950&nbsp;kg semi-armor-piercing high explosive warhead (currently only the conventional version remains in service). The P-500 Bazalt uses active radar homing for terminal guidance, and can receive mid-course correction from the [[Tupolev Tu-95|Tupolev Tu-95D]], the [[Kamov Ka-25|Kamov Ka-25B]] and the [[Kamov Ka-27|Kamov Ka-27B]].
|is_missile=yes
|name=P-500&nbsp;''Bazalt'' / P-1000&nbsp;''Vulkan''<br><small>([[NATO reporting name]]: SS-N-12 'Sandbox')</small>
⚫
|image=[[File:SS-N-12 missile launch tubes on the Kiev (1976).JPEG|300px]]
|caption= Eight SS-N-12 launchers on the aircraft carrier ''Kiev''
|origin=[[Soviet Union]]
|type=Sub- or [[surface-to-surface missile]]
|used_by=Soviet Union, Russia
|wars=
|designer=
|design_date=
|manufacturer=OKB-52/[[NPO Mashinostroyeniya]] Chelomey
|unit_cost=
|propellant=
|production_date=
|service=1975-date
|engine=
|engine_power=
|weight={{convert|4500|kg|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
|length=
|height=
|diameter=
|wingspan=
|speed=
|vehicle_range={{convert|550|km|nmi|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} (P-500)<br/>{{convert|700|km|nmi|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} (P-1000)
|ceiling=
|altitude=
|filling=High explosive or nuclear
|filling_weight={{convert |950|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} (P-500)
|detonation=
|accuracy =
|yield=350kt
|guidance=Semi-active, terminal active radar
|launch_platform=Echo II & Juliett submarines<br/>Kiev & Slava class ships
}}
[[File:US Navy 100625-G-7265M-396 Russian Sailors man the rails as Russian navy missile-cruiser Varyag departs San Francisco Bay.jpg | thumb | Eight pairs of P-500 canisters are a distinctive feature of Slava class cruisers; the ''Varyag'' (pictured) may have been upgraded to the P-1000 Vulkan.]]
The '''P-500 ''Bazalt''''' ({{lang-ru|П-500 «Базальт»}}; {{lang-en|[[basalt]]}}) is a liquid-fueled, rocket-powered, supersonic [[cruise missile]] used by the [[Soviet Navy|Soviet]] and [[Russian Navy|Russian]] navies. Its [[GRAU]] designation is '''4K80'''<ref>{{ru icon}} [http://www.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/bazalt/bazalt.shtml P-500 ''Bazalt'']</ref> and its [[NATO reporting name]] is '''SS-N-12 ''Sandbox'''''.


==History==
⚫
The P-500 Bazalt was first deployed in 1975 on the [[Soviet aircraft carrier Kiev|Soviet aircraft carrier ''Kiev'']], and was later added to both the [[Echo class submarine|Echo II class submarine]] and the [[Juliett class submarine]]. The missiles was intended to be used in salvos; a submarine could launch eight in rapid succession, maintaining control of each through a separate datalink. In flight the group could co-ordinate their actions; one would fly up to 7,000 meters (23,000 feet) and use its active radar to search for targets, forwarding this data to the other missiles which remained at low altitude. The missiles were programmed so that half of a salvo would head for a [[Aircraft carrier|carrier]] target, with the rest dividing between other ships. If the high flying missile was shot down another from the salvo would automatically pop up to take its place. All of the missiles would switch to active radar for the terminal phase of the attack.<ref>Soviet-Russian Naval Cruise Missiles [http://www.vectorsite.net/twcruz_7.html]</ref>
Developed by OKB-52 MAP (later [[NPO Mashinostroyeniye]]), it entered service in 1973 to replace the [[SS-N-3]] Shaddock. The P-500 Bazalt was first deployed in 1975 on the [[Soviet aircraft carrier Kiev|Soviet aircraft carrier ''Kiev'']], and was later added to both the [[Echo class submarine|Echo II class submarine]] and the [[Juliett class submarine]]. A version of the P-500 Bazalt with improved guidance and engines is used on the [[Slava class cruiser]]. The sixteen launchers dominate the decks of the class.


==Description==
A version of the P-500 Bazalt with improved guidance and engines is used on the [[Slava class cruiser]].
⚫
The P-500 Bazalt has a 550&nbsp;km range and a payload of 1,000&nbsp;kg, which allows it to carry a 350&nbsp;kt nuclear or a 950&nbsp;kg semi-armor-piercing high explosive warhead (currently only the conventional version remains in service). The P-500 Bazalt uses active radar homing for terminal guidance, and can receive mid-course correction from the [[Tupolev Tu-95|Tupolev Tu-95D]], the [[Kamov Ka-25|Kamov Ka-25B]] and the [[Kamov Ka-27|Kamov Ka-27B]].


⚫
The missiles was intended to be used in salvos; a submarine could launch eight in rapid succession, maintaining control of each through a separate datalink. In flight the group could co-ordinate their actions; one would fly up to 7,000 meters (23,000 feet) and use its active radar to search for targets, forwarding this data to the other missiles which remained at low altitude. The missiles were programmed so that half of a salvo would head for a [[Aircraft carrier|carrier]] target, with the rest dividing between other ships. If the high flying missile was shot down another from the salvo would automatically pop up to take its place. All of the missiles would switch to active radar for the terminal phase of the attack.<ref>Soviet-Russian Naval Cruise Missiles [http://www.vectorsite.net/twcruz_7.html]</ref>

==P-1000 Vulkan==
An improved version of the P-500 was installed on three Echo II submarines towards the end of the Cold War.<ref name=Friedman97-246>{{cite book | title=The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapons systems, 1997-1998 | first=Norman | last=Friedman | publisher =Naval Institute Press | year=1997 | url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=l-DzknmTgDUC&pg=PA246 | page=246}}</ref> The P-1000 Vulkan (GRAU 3M70) flies faster (Mach 2.3-2.5)<ref name=Friedman97-789>{{cite book | title=The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapons systems, 1997-1998 | first=Norman | last=Friedman | publisher =Naval Institute Press | year=1997 | url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=l-DzknmTgDUC&pg=PA789 | page=789}}</ref> and its range has been extended to 700km.<ref name=Friedman97-789 /> It replaces steel components with titanium to reduce weight, and has an improved propulsion system. It appears to have used a similar fire-control system to the P-500, the Argon-KV and Argument radar.<ref name=Friedman97-246 />

The P-1000 was ordered on 15 May 1979<ref name=Friedman97-246 /> from [[NPO Mashinostroyeniya]] Chelomey;<ref name=Friedman97-246 /> it first flew in July 1982<ref name=Friedman97-246 /> and was accepted for service on 18 December 1987.<ref name=Friedman97-246 /> It was installed on three Echo II submarines of the Northern Fleet between 1987 and 1993; the conversion of two units of the Pacific Fleet, the K-10 and K-34, was abandoned due to lack of funds.<ref name=Friedman97-246 /> Of the submarines that did receive the P-1000, the K-1 was decommissioned after a reactor accident in 1989, the K-35 was stricken in 1993 and the K-22 in 1995.<ref name=Friedman97-246 /> It is believed that the P-1000 has been installed on the Slava class cruiser [[Russian cruiser Varyag (1983)|''Varyag'']],<ref>{{cite book | title= Russia, the asymmetric threat to the United States: a potent mixture of energy and missiles | first=John | last= Wood | publisher = Praeger Security International | year=2009 | isbn=9780313359415 | url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AyANAQAAMAAJ&dq=varyag+P-1000&q=P-1000+Vulkan | page=61}}</ref> and some sources report P-1000 missiles on her sister ship [[Russian cruiser Moskva|''Moskva'']].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.georgiatoday.ge/article_details.php?id=9173 | title=US Navy’s presence counters Russia’s Black Sea fleet | newspaper=Georgia Today | issue=566 | date=17 June 2011}}</ref>

==Related developments==
The [[P-700 Granit]] ([[NATO reporting name]] SS-N-19 ''Shipwreck'') was partially based on the SS-N-12, but with a [[turbojet]] engine and a significantly modified airframe. The [[avionics]], however, are very close. The [[P-800 Oniks]] and [[BrahMos]] are enlarged derivatives using ramjet propulsion.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
The [[P-700 Granit]] ([[NATO reporting name]] SS-N-19 ''Shipwreck'') was partially based on the SS-N-12, but with a [[turbojet]] engine and a significantly modified airframe. The [[avionics]], however, are very close. The [[P-800 Oniks]] and [[BrahMos]] are enlarged derivatives using ramjet propulsion.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
⚫
[[File:SS-N-12 missile launch tubes on the Kiev (1976).JPEG|thumb|right|300px|SS-N-12 launchers on the aircraft carrier ''Kiev''.]]


==Operators==
==Operators==
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;{{USSR}}
;{{USSR}}
*[[Soviet Navy]]
*[[Soviet Navy]]
[[File:Submarine Echo II class.jpg | thumb | Fourteen Echo II submarines were upgraded to carry the P-500, and three of those went on to receive the P-1000 Vulkan.]]

==See also==
==See also==
*[[Operation Ivy Bells]]
*[[Operation Ivy Bells]]
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[[Category:Cold War nuclear missiles]]
[[Category:Cold War nuclear missiles]]
[[Category:Russian Navy guided missiles|SS-N-12]]
[[Category:Russian Navy guided missiles|SS-N-12]]

{{missile-stub}}


[[de:SS-N-12 Sandbox]]
[[de:SS-N-12 Sandbox]]

Revision as of 16:16, 6 January 2012

P-500 Bazalt / P-1000 Vulkan
(NATO reporting name: SS-N-12 'Sandbox')
Eight SS-N-12 launchers on the aircraft carrier Kiev
TypeSub- or surface-to-surface missile
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
In service1975-date
Used bySoviet Union, Russia
Production history
ManufacturerOKB-52/NPO Mashinostroyeniya Chelomey
Specifications
Mass4,500 kg (9,920 lb)
WarheadHigh explosive or nuclear
Warhead weight950 kg (2,094 lb) (P-500)
Blast yield350kt
Operational
range
550 km (300 nmi) (P-500)
700 km (380 nmi) (P-1000)
Guidance
system
Semi-active, terminal active radar
Launch
platform
Echo II & Juliett submarines
Kiev & Slava class ships
Eight pairs of P-500 canisters are a distinctive feature of Slava class cruisers; the Varyag (pictured) may have been upgraded to the P-1000 Vulkan.

The P-500 Bazalt (Template:Lang-ru; Template:Lang-en) is a liquid-fueled, rocket-powered, supersonic cruise missile used by the Soviet and Russian navies. Its GRAU designation is 4K80[1] and its NATO reporting name is SS-N-12 Sandbox.

History

Developed by OKB-52 MAP (later NPO Mashinostroyeniye), it entered service in 1973 to replace the SS-N-3 Shaddock. The P-500 Bazalt was first deployed in 1975 on the Soviet aircraft carrier Kiev, and was later added to both the Echo II class submarine and the Juliett class submarine. A version of the P-500 Bazalt with improved guidance and engines is used on the Slava class cruiser. The sixteen launchers dominate the decks of the class.

Description

The P-500 Bazalt has a 550 km range and a payload of 1,000 kg, which allows it to carry a 350 kt nuclear or a 950 kg semi-armor-piercing high explosive warhead (currently only the conventional version remains in service). The P-500 Bazalt uses active radar homing for terminal guidance, and can receive mid-course correction from the Tupolev Tu-95D, the Kamov Ka-25B and the Kamov Ka-27B.

The missiles was intended to be used in salvos; a submarine could launch eight in rapid succession, maintaining control of each through a separate datalink. In flight the group could co-ordinate their actions; one would fly up to 7,000 meters (23,000 feet) and use its active radar to search for targets, forwarding this data to the other missiles which remained at low altitude. The missiles were programmed so that half of a salvo would head for a carrier target, with the rest dividing between other ships. If the high flying missile was shot down another from the salvo would automatically pop up to take its place. All of the missiles would switch to active radar for the terminal phase of the attack.[2]

P-1000 Vulkan

An improved version of the P-500 was installed on three Echo II submarines towards the end of the Cold War.[3] The P-1000 Vulkan (GRAU 3M70) flies faster (Mach 2.3-2.5)[4] and its range has been extended to 700km.[4] It replaces steel components with titanium to reduce weight, and has an improved propulsion system. It appears to have used a similar fire-control system to the P-500, the Argon-KV and Argument radar.[3]

The P-1000 was ordered on 15 May 1979[3] from NPO Mashinostroyeniya Chelomey;[3] it first flew in July 1982[3] and was accepted for service on 18 December 1987.[3] It was installed on three Echo II submarines of the Northern Fleet between 1987 and 1993; the conversion of two units of the Pacific Fleet, the K-10 and K-34, was abandoned due to lack of funds.[3] Of the submarines that did receive the P-1000, the K-1 was decommissioned after a reactor accident in 1989, the K-35 was stricken in 1993 and the K-22 in 1995.[3] It is believed that the P-1000 has been installed on the Slava class cruiser Varyag,[5] and some sources report P-1000 missiles on her sister ship Moskva.[6]

The P-700 Granit (NATO reporting name SS-N-19 Shipwreck) was partially based on the SS-N-12, but with a turbojet engine and a significantly modified airframe. The avionics, however, are very close. The P-800 Oniks and BrahMos are enlarged derivatives using ramjet propulsion.[citation needed]

Operators

Current

 Russia

Former

 Soviet Union
Fourteen Echo II submarines were upgraded to carry the P-500, and three of those went on to receive the P-1000 Vulkan.

See also

References

  1. ^ Template:Ru icon P-500 Bazalt
  2. ^ Soviet-Russian Naval Cruise Missiles [1]
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Friedman, Norman (1997). The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapons systems, 1997-1998. Naval Institute Press. p. 246.
  4. ^ a b Friedman, Norman (1997). The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapons systems, 1997-1998. Naval Institute Press. p. 789.
  5. ^ Wood, John (2009). Russia, the asymmetric threat to the United States: a potent mixture of energy and missiles. Praeger Security International. p. 61. ISBN 9780313359415.
  6. ^ "US Navy's presence counters Russia's Black Sea fleet". Georgia Today. No. 566. 17 June 2011.
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