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===2000s: Popularity in Asia & Globalization===
===2000s: Popularity in Asia & Globalization===
⚫
Many of K-pop's biggest idol groups and solo acts, including [[BoA]], [[Rain (entertainer)|Rain Bi]], [[Wonder Girls]], [[TVXQ]], [[JYJ]], [[SS501]], [[2PM]], [[Big Bang (South Korean band)|BIGBANG]], [[Miss A]], [[Kara (band)|KARA]], [[Super Junior]], [[SHINee]], [[After School (band)|After School]], [[Brown Eyed Girls]], [[Seven (South Korean singer)|Se7en]], [[Secret (South Korean group)|Secret]], [[MBLAQ]] and [[2NE1<ref>{{ cite news | last = Matsutani | first = Minoru | url = http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110830i1.html | title = K-pop striking chord with the young | newspaper = [[Japan Times]] | date = 30 August 2011 | page = 3 }}</ref>


[[File:Girls Generation in BKK.jpg|thumb||left|[[Girls' Generation]] performing at [[SMTown Live '08]] in [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]] in 2009.]]
By 2011, K-Pop has become the mainstream genre in most East and South East Asia, including Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan, Singapore, China, Vietnam.<ref>Cerojano, Teresa, ([[Associated Press]]) "K-pop's slick productions win fans across Asia", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 25 September 2011, p. 9.</ref> Through the internet, recently, K-pop started to expand to the rest of the world as well, but it yet has not become well known enough to be mainstream in those countries.
By 2011, K-Pop has become the mainstream genre in most East and South East Asia, including Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan, Singapore, China, Vietnam.<ref>Cerojano, Teresa, ([[Associated Press]]) "K-pop's slick productions win fans across Asia", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 25 September 2011, p. 9.</ref> Through the internet, recently, K-pop started to expand to the rest of the world as well, but it yet has not become well known enough to be mainstream in those countries.


====Japan====
⚫
K-pop is steadily gaining influence in foreign markets outside of [[Asia]], however, most notably in the [[United States]],<ref>[http://www.facebook.com/americankpopfans 2 American Girls' Love of KPOP, News, Gossip]. AKPF Website. Retrieved on 2011-07-18.</ref> [[Canada]], and [[Australia]]. </ref><ref name="nextbigthing">{{cite web| title =Korean pop the next big thing? | author =Mrkic, Mike | publisher =Star Observer | date =2011-02-26 |url =http://www.starobserver.com.au/celebrity-2/2011/02/26/korean-pop-the-next-big-thing/45602 | accessdate = 2011-02-27}}</ref> In 2009, [[Wonder Girls]], one of Asia’s most successful music artists who sold millions of singles including the international #1 songs “[[Tell Me (Wonder Girls song)|Tell Me]]”, “[[So Hot]]” and “[[Nobody (Wonder Girls song)|Nobody]]”, debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accesshollywood.com/south-korean-pop-sensation-wonder-girls-hits-the-states_article_25353 |title=South Korean Pop Sensation Wonder Girls Hits The States &#124; Access Hollywood - Celebrity News, Photos & Videos |publisher=Access Hollywood |date= |accessdate=2012-01-13}}</ref>
⚫
Many of K-pop's biggest idol groups and solo acts, including [[TVXQ]], [[JYJ]], [[BoA]], [[Rain (entertainer)|Rain]], [[Super Junior]], [[SS501]], [[Big Bang (South Korean band)|BIGBANG]], [[Girls' Generation]], [[Kara (band)|KARA]], [[2PM]], [[SHINee]], [[Beast (South Korean band)|BEAST]], [[After School (band)|After School]], [[Brown Eyed Girls]], [[Seven (South Korean singer)|Se7en]], [[U-KISS]], [[T-ara]], [[4minute]], [[Secret (South Korean group)|Secret]], [[MBLAQ]] and [[2NE1]]<ref>{{youtube|0q_pP4eakyo|Girls'Generation}}</ref> began targeting the Japanese market. The group members conduct interviews and sing in Japanese.<ref>{{ cite news | last = Matsutani | first = Minoru | url = http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20110830i1.html | title = K-pop striking chord with the young | newspaper = [[Japan Times]] | date = 30 August 2011 | page = 3 }}</ref>


⚫
K-pop is steadily gaining influence in foreign markets outside of [[Asia]], however, most notably in the [[United States]],<ref>[http://www.facebook.com/americankpopfans 2 American Girls' Love of KPOP, News, Gossip]. AKPF Website. Retrieved on 2011-07-18.</ref> [[Canada]], and [[Australia]]. In 2001, [[Bumsoo Kim]] became the first Korean singer to place on the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100]] chart with his single, "Hello Goodbye Hello".<ref>{{cite web|title=Korean Group Ranks 2nd in Billboard Chart|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/art_view.asp?newsIdx=1998&categoryCode=143|publisher=Korea Times (2007-11-10)|accessdate=16 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="nextbigthing">{{cite web| title =Korean pop the next big thing? | author =Mrkic, Mike | publisher =Star Observer | date =2011-02-26 |url =http://www.starobserver.com.au/celebrity-2/2011/02/26/korean-pop-the-next-big-thing/45602 | accessdate = 2011-02-27}}</ref> In 2009, [[Wonder Girls]], one of Asia’s most successful music artists who sold millions of singles including the international #1 songs “[[Tell Me (Wonder Girls song)|Tell Me]]”, “[[So Hot]]” and “[[Nobody (Wonder Girls song)|Nobody]]”, debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accesshollywood.com/south-korean-pop-sensation-wonder-girls-hits-the-states_article_25353 |title=South Korean Pop Sensation Wonder Girls Hits The States &#124; Access Hollywood - Celebrity News, Photos & Videos |publisher=Access Hollywood |date= |accessdate=2012-01-13}}</ref>
In a push to further globalize the genre, K-pop artists are increasingly working with talent outside of Korea. In the United States, Korean artists are touring with groups such as the [[Jonas Brothers]]<ref>[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/musicnightlife/2009385102_wondergirls26.html Music & nightlife | Asian superstars Wonder Girls open for Jonas Brothers | Seattle Times Newspaper]. Seattletimes.nwsource.com. Retrieved on 2011-02-20.</ref> and collaborating with well-known producers including [[Kanye West]], [[Teddy Riley]], [[Diplo (DJ)|Diplo]], [[Rodney Jerkins]], [[Ludacris]],<ref>[http://www.usmagazine.com/moviestvmusic/news/meet--jyj-kanye-wests-new-proteges-20101611 Meet JYJ – Kanye West's New Proteges – Movies, TV & Music]. UsMagazine.com. Retrieved on 2011-02-20.</ref> and [[will.i.am]].<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/news-articles/manila-bulletin/mi_7968/is_2010_August_19/busy-bodies-2ne1-career-album/ai_n55111002/ Busy bodies: 2NE1 on US career, new album | Manila Bulletin Newspaper | Find Articles at BNET]. Findarticles.com (2010-08-19). Retrieved on 2011-02-20.</ref>
In a push to further globalize the genre, K-pop artists are increasingly working with talent outside of Korea. In the United States, Korean artists are touring with groups such as the [[Jonas Brothers]]<ref>[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/musicnightlife/2009385102_wondergirls26.html Music & nightlife | Asian superstars Wonder Girls open for Jonas Brothers | Seattle Times Newspaper]. Seattletimes.nwsource.com. Retrieved on 2011-02-20.</ref> and collaborating with well-known producers including [[Kanye West]], [[Teddy Riley]], [[Diplo (DJ)|Diplo]], [[Rodney Jerkins]], [[Ludacris]],<ref>[http://www.usmagazine.com/moviestvmusic/news/meet--jyj-kanye-wests-new-proteges-20101611 Meet JYJ – Kanye West's New Proteges – Movies, TV & Music]. UsMagazine.com. Retrieved on 2011-02-20.</ref> and [[will.i.am]].<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/news-articles/manila-bulletin/mi_7968/is_2010_August_19/busy-bodies-2ne1-career-album/ai_n55111002/ Busy bodies: 2NE1 on US career, new album | Manila Bulletin Newspaper | Find Articles at BNET]. Findarticles.com (2010-08-19). Retrieved on 2011-02-20.</ref>


Revision as of 12:59, 13 February 2012

K-Pop
Stylistic originsPop • Dance • Electropop • Hip hop • Rock • R&B • Electronic
Cultural originsNominally early 1990s South Korea; trace the roots to 1960s
Typical instrumentsVocals • Rapping • Drum pad • Drums • Electric bass • Keyboards • Piano • Sampler • Sequencer • Synthesizer • Vocoder • Occasional use of various other instruments

K-pop (Korean: 가요, Gayo) (an abbreviation of Korean pop or Korean popular music) is a musical genre consisting of Pop, dance, electropop, hip hop, rock, R&B and electronic music originating in South Korea.[5][6][7][8][9] In addition to music, K-pop has grown into a popular subculture among teenagers and young adults around the world, resulting in widespread interest in the fashion and style of Korean idol groups and singers.[10]

Through the presence of Facebook fan pages, availability on iTunes, Twitter profiles, and music videos on YouTube, the ability of K-pop to reach a previously inaccessible audience via the Internet is driving a paradigm shift in the exposure and popularity of the genre[11] South Korean popular culture is today serving as a major driver of youth culture all across the Pacific Rim, with special reference to China, Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam. The genre is currently moving towards a position in the region, similar to that of American music in Europe during the 1980s and 1990s.

History

1920s-1950s: Birth of Trot and Introduction of Western Music

In the mid-1920s, Masao Gouga, a Korean-Japanese composer, mixed traditional Korean music with Gospel music that American Evangelists brought with and have taught since the 1870s. This type of music became known as Enka in Japan, and later in Korea as Trot (Korean: "트로트").[12]

In 1932, a controversial plagarism was caught and condemned by an article in the Japanese magazine "New Young Adult", Gouga's "Sakewa Namitaka Tameikika" was blamed for copying off the work of Korean composer Su-Lin Jeon, which his version was named "The Calm Jang-Ahn". This event triggered a wave of Korean musicians to flourish with talented composers such as Nan-Pa Hong, Gyo-Sung Kim, Yong-Hwan Kim, Joon-Young Kim, Ho-Wol Moon, Mok-In Son, Shi-Choon Park , and Jae Ho Lee becoming the very foundation of Trot music in its early stage.

Trot has been transformed over the years using a variety of instruments and mixing different styles of music to become the dominant genre in the Korean music scene until the late 80's. To this day, Trot music still remains as a popular genre for many; mostly with its very sad melody and heart-touching lyrics.

As Korea was liberated from Japanese annexation in 1945, Western culture was introduced to a small crowd with the few Western style bars and clubs playing Western Music.

After the Korean War, which started on June 25, 1950 and lasted for 3 years, the country was separated into two nations; North Korea and South Korea. U.S. troops remained in South Korea for protection. With the staying of U.S. troops, American culture and the cultures of the world began to flush in. During this time, Western music became more accepted to a wider crowd of young adults.

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s: Diversification

The debut of Seo Tai-ji & Boys in 1992 was a turning point for popular music in South Korea, incorporating elements of rap rock and techno. Hip hop duos such as Deux were also popular in the early 1990s.

File:LG전자, 전세계 K-POP 바람몰이 나섰다(SM town live world tour is new york promotion).jpg
SM Town Live World Tour in New York.

Beginning of Hallyu

See also: Hallyu

The founding of South Korea's largest talent agency, S.M. Entertainment, in 1995, by Korean entrepreneur Lee Soo Man led to the first K-pop girl groups and boy bands.[13] By the late 1990s, YG Entertainment, DSP Entertainment, and JYP Entertainment had burst onto the scene and were producing talent as quickly as the public could consume it.[10]

Groups such as, S.E.S., Fin.K.L, H.O.T, Sechs Kies, G.o.d., Fly to the Sky and Shinhwa had huge success in the 1990s, not only in South Korea, but also outside of the country as well. Especially, artists such as H.O.T, Kim Wan-Sun, Clon, Baby V.O.X, NRG saw a huge success in China and Taiwan in the mid-90s.

Also during this period was the emergence of hip hop and R&B music in Korea, leading to the success of artists including Drunken Tiger.

2000s: Popularity in Asia & Globalization

Girls' Generation performing at SMTown Live '08 in Bangkok, Thailand in 2009.

By 2011, K-Pop has become the mainstream genre in most East and South East Asia, including Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan, Singapore, China, Vietnam.[14] Through the internet, recently, K-pop started to expand to the rest of the world as well, but it yet has not become well known enough to be mainstream in those countries.

Japan

Many of K-pop's biggest idol groups and solo acts, including TVXQ, JYJ, BoA, Rain, Super Junior, SS501, BIGBANG, Girls' Generation, KARA, 2PM, SHINee, BEAST, After School, Brown Eyed Girls, Se7en, U-KISS, T-ara, 4minute, Secret, MBLAQ and 2NE1[15] began targeting the Japanese market. The group members conduct interviews and sing in Japanese.[16]


K-pop is steadily gaining influence in foreign markets outside of Asia, however, most notably in the United States,[17] Canada, and Australia. In 2001, Bumsoo Kim became the first Korean singer to place on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart with his single, "Hello Goodbye Hello".[18][19] In 2009, Wonder Girls, one of Asia’s most successful music artists who sold millions of singles including the international #1 songs “Tell Me”, “So Hot” and “Nobody”, debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.[20] In a push to further globalize the genre, K-pop artists are increasingly working with talent outside of Korea. In the United States, Korean artists are touring with groups such as the Jonas Brothers[21] and collaborating with well-known producers including Kanye West, Teddy Riley, Diplo, Rodney Jerkins, Ludacris,[22] and will.i.am.[23]

In 2011, Billboard implemented the K-Pop Hot 100 Chart.

Apprenticeship

Today, apprenticeship is the universal strategy for nurturing girl groups, boy bands, and solo artists in the K-pop industry. To guarantee the high probability of success of new talent, talent agencies fully subsidize and oversee the professional lives and careers of trainees, often spending in excess of $400,000 to train and launch a new artist.[24] Through this practice of apprenticeship, which often lasts two years or more, trainees hone their voices, learn professional choreography, sculpt and shape their bodies through exercise, and study multiple languages all the while attending school.[2]

K-pop artists

Main articles: List of K-pop artists and List of South Korean idol groups

See also

Look up k-pop in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to K-pop.

References

  1. ^ Template:Ko icon [특파원 월드워치]美아시안계, 韓流드라마에 푹 빠졌다 :: 네이버 뉴스. News.naver.com (2005-12-12). Retrieved on 2011-02-20.
  2. ^ a b The new Korean Wave: Girl groups. Korea.net (2010-10-28). Retrieved on 2011-02-20.
  3. ^ Korean wave laps at Norwegian shore @ HanCinema :: The Korean Movie and Drama Database, discover the South Korean cinema and drama diversity. Hancinema.net. Retrieved on 2011-02-20.
  4. ^ Korea Culture Center to host K-pop event in Argentina. Korea.net (2010-09-30). Retrieved on 2011-02-20.
  5. ^ Jung, Sun (2011). Korean masculinities and transcultural consumption: Yonsama, Rain, Oldboy, K-Pop idols. Hong Kong University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978988802867. Retrieved 5 December 2011. In 2009, the year-end South Korean popular music (K-pop) festivals and awards were filled with pretty boys disguised as girls. At the SBS Music Festival (Gayo Daejeon), some of the top idol boy bands — Super Junior, SHINee, 2PM, 2AM... {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  6. ^ Hartong, Jan Laurens (2006). Musical terms worldwide: a companion for the musical explorer. Semar Publishers. p. 15. ISBN 9788877780904. Retrieved 5 December 2011. Since the 1990s, popular genres like rap, rock and techno house have been incorporated into Korean popular music, setting the trend for the present generation of K-pop, which often emulates American models. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  7. ^ Kim, Myung Oak; Jaffe, Sam (2010). The new Korea: an inside look at South Korea's economic rise. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. p. 169. ISBN 9780814414897. Retrieved 5 December 2011. Rain and BoA belong to what is known as K- pop—Korean popular music. Before the early 1990s, the country's music industry was dominated by traditional folk music (crooned by older, often gray- haired singers), ballads,... {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  8. ^ Holden, Todd Joseph Miles; Scrase, Timothy J. (2006). Medi@sia: global media/tion in and out of context. Taylor & Francis. p. 144. ISBN 9780415371551. Retrieved 5 December 2011. Since the 1990s, the term "K-pop" has become popularized to refer to Korean popular music, being widely used throughout East and Southeast Asia. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  9. ^ "허영생 "허영생은 발라드라는 고정관념 깨고파"". Sports Seoul (in Korean). 15 May 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2011. － 솔로로 나오면서 어떤 모습을 보여주고 싶었나요.
    사람들이 허영생하면 발라드를 떠올리세요. SS501은 댄스곡을 주로 불렀지만 제가 팀에서 메인보컬을 맡았던 까닭에 발라드의 이미지가 강한가봐요. 솔로 준비를 하면서 지인들에게 "나 어떤 거 하면 될까?"라고 물어보면 항상 "발라드 해"라는 대답이 돌아왔어요. "댄스하면 어떨까?"라고 하면 "그냥 노래해"라고 하더군요. '사람들이 저에 대해 잘 모르고 있구나'라는 생각이 들었어요. 댄스도 좋아하고 자신있어요. 발라드는 노래만 불러야하고 재미없잖아요. 댄스하면서 관객들과 함께 무대를 즐기고 싶어요.
    (Question: Comparing to group and solo debut are there are kind of look you wanna potray?
    Young Saeng: If mentioned about Heo Young Saeng, people will tend to think about ballads. SS501 songs are usually dance songs, but because I am the main vocalist, thus the image of me as a ballad solo singer is more deep in people. So I asked my friends: "What should I sing?" I got "sing ballads" as the answer. "How about dancing?" "You will be remain better singing." Thus I find that those people really dont understand my thinking. I myself also like dance songs. Ballads which only sing will feel bored. Dance song can enjoy with the audience together.)     {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help); line feed character in |quote= at position 30 (help)
  10. ^ a b TIME Magazine: Korean Pop – Flying Too High?. 205.188.238.181. Retrieved on 2011-02-20.
  11. ^ Yoon, Lina. (2010-08-26) K-Pop Online: Korean Stars Go Global with Social Media. TIME. Retrieved on 2011-02-20.
  12. ^ ":JPNews 일본이 보인다! 일본뉴스포털!". Jpnews.kr. Retrieved 2012-01-13.
  13. ^ [news] SM Entertainment continues to cash in profit for the 3rd Quarter of 2010 ~ Daily K Pop News. Dkpopnews.net. Retrieved on 2011-02-20.
  14. ^ Cerojano, Teresa, (Associated Press) "K-pop's slick productions win fans across Asia", Japan Times, 25 September 2011, p. 9.
  15. ^ Girls'Generation on YouTube
  16. ^ Matsutani, Minoru (30 August 2011). "K-pop striking chord with the young". Japan Times. p. 3.
  17. ^ 2 American Girls' Love of KPOP, News, Gossip. AKPF Website. Retrieved on 2011-07-18.
  18. ^ "Korean Group Ranks 2nd in Billboard Chart". Korea Times (2007-11-10). Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  19. ^ Mrkic, Mike (2011-02-26). "Korean pop the next big thing?". Star Observer. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
  20. ^ "South Korean Pop Sensation Wonder Girls Hits The States | Access Hollywood - Celebrity News, Photos & Videos". Access Hollywood. Retrieved 2012-01-13.
  21. ^ Music & nightlife | Asian superstars Wonder Girls open for Jonas Brothers | Seattle Times Newspaper. Seattletimes.nwsource.com. Retrieved on 2011-02-20.
  22. ^ Meet JYJ – Kanye West's New Proteges – Movies, TV & Music. UsMagazine.com. Retrieved on 2011-02-20.
  23. ^ Busy bodies: 2NE1 on US career, new album | Manila Bulletin Newspaper | Find Articles at BNET. Findarticles.com (2010-08-19). Retrieved on 2011-02-20.
  24. ^ TIME Magazine: Korean Pop – Show Me the Money[dead link]. 205.188.238.181. Retrieved on 2011-02-20.

Bibliography

  • Heo, Juno (2012). K-pop community site. http://koremusic.tistory.com. JunoHeo Publishers. {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help)
  • Hartong, Jan Laurens (2006). Musical terms worldwide: a companion for the musical explorer. Semar Publishers. ISBN 9788877780904.
  • Holden, Todd Joseph Miles; Scrase, Timothy J. (2006). Medi@sia: global media/tion in and out of context. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415371551.
  • Jung, Sun (2011). Korean masculinities and transcultural consumption: Yonsama, Rain, Oldboy, K-Pop idols. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978988802867. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help)
  • Kim, Myung Oak; Jaffe, Sam (2010). The new Korea: an inside look at South Korea's economic rise. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. ISBN 9780814414897.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to K-pop.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K-pop&oldid=476641801"