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During the 1920s the term “Big Four” applied to the [[Four Northern Banks]] of the [[Republic of China]] (i.e. the four most capitalized commercial banks in [[Northern and southern China|Northern China]]).<ref>[http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=aesatCvz-PgC&pg=PA121 Four Northern Banks]</ref> These were the [[Yien Yieh Commercial Bank]], the [[Kincheng Banking Corporation]], the [[Continental Bank]] and the [[China & South Sea Bank]]. These were contrasted with the [[Three Southern Banks]] of [[Northern and southern China|Southern China]].
During the 1920s the term “Big Four” applied to the [[Four Northern Banks]] of the [[Republic of China]] (i.e. the four most capitalized commercial banks in [[Northern and southern China|Northern China]]).<ref>[http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=aesatCvz-PgC&pg=PA121 Four Northern Banks]</ref> These were the [[Yien Yieh Commercial Bank]], the [[Kincheng Banking Corporation]], the [[Continental Bank]] and the [[China & South Sea Bank]]. These were contrasted with the [[Three Southern Banks]] of [[Northern and southern China|Southern China]].


By 1949 the Big Four were the [[Bank of China]], the [[Bank of Communications]], the [[Central Bank of China]] and the [[Farmers Bank of China]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}}
By 1949 the Big Four were the [[Bank of China]], the [[Bank of Communications]], the [[Central Bank of China]] and the [[Farmers Bank of China]] (and with [[Central Trust of China]], [[Postal Savings and Remittance Bureau of China]], [[Central Cooperative Treasury of China]], called as "Big Four Banks, Two Bureaus, One Treasury" or "四行两局一库")<ref>Yao Sui: Chinese Finance History, High Education Pulisher in 2007, Beijing. (in Chinese: 《中国金融史》，姚遂主编，高等教育出版社，2007年版)</ref>.


Currently, in the [[People's Republic of China]], the Big Four banks ("四大商业银行") are:
Currently, in the [[People's Republic of China]], the Big Four banks ("四大商业银行") are:

Revision as of 07:46, 19 May 2012

Big Four is the colloquial name for the four main banks in several countries, where the banking industry is dominated by just four institutions and where the phrase has gained currency.

Australia

In Australia, the "Big Four" refers to the four largest banks [1] by market share, who between them hold 85% of the home loan markets [2] in the country. These are:

The government policy until 2011 was to maintain this status quo, it was called the four pillars policy. During the Global Recession of 2008-09, Westpac acquired St George Bank by and the Commonwealth Bank acquired BankWest.

China

During the 1920s the term “Big Four” applied to the Four Northern Banks of the Republic of China (i.e. the four most capitalized commercial banks in Northern China).[3] These were the Yien Yieh Commercial Bank, the Kincheng Banking Corporation, the Continental Bank and the China & South Sea Bank. These were contrasted with the Three Southern Banks of Southern China.

By 1949 the Big Four were the Bank of China, the Bank of Communications, the Central Bank of China and the Farmers Bank of China (and with Central Trust of China, Postal Savings and Remittance Bureau of China, Central Cooperative Treasury of China, called as "Big Four Banks, Two Bureaus, One Treasury" or "四行两局一库")[4].

Currently, in the People's Republic of China, the Big Four banks ("四大商业银行") are:

and have been described as such in the western press.[5]

Ireland

In Ireland the term "big four" applies to the four largest banks by market capitalisation.[6][7]. These all operate in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, and have a wider international presence[8].

South Africa

In South Africa, the "big four" are, according to this site:

United Kingdom

In relation to the United Kingdom, the phrase "big four" is currently used to refer to the four largest UK-based banking groups, being:

During most of the 20th century, the phrase "big four" referred to the four largest UK clearing banks (institutions which act as clearing houses for bankers cheques), which were:

United States

In the United States, the "big four" banks hold 39% of all U.S. customer deposits (as of 2009), and consist of:[14][15][16][17][18][19][20]

By a retail banking perspective, U.S. Bancorp and PNC Financial Services both have more branches than Citibank, the retail banking arm of Citigroup. However, Citibank still has significantly more assets than U.S. Bancorp and PNC.[21]

See also

References

  1. ^ ABC news story
  2. ^ Dominance of the Big Four Banks in Australia Since the Onset of the Financial Crisis of 2007 ezinarticle.com
  3. ^ Four Northern Banks
  4. ^ Yao Sui: Chinese Finance History, High Education Pulisher in 2007, Beijing. (in Chinese: 《中国金融史》，姚遂主编，高等教育出版社，2007年版)
  5. ^ article at ibttimes.com
  6. ^ "Anglo Irish Bank Corporation (Executive Summary)". SME Financial. Retrieved 2012-01-17 "...The only banks with higher market capitalisation were Allied Irish Banks (AIB) and Bank of Ireland, both with strong retail and commercial presences. Ulster Bank and National Irish Bank are the other members of the ‘Big Four’ retail and commercial banks, both owned by overseas parents and not listed on the Irish Stock Exchange". {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  7. ^ "'Big Four' Northern banks face probe on pricing and competition claims". Irish Independent. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
  8. ^ "Cross-Border Personal Banking in Ireland" (PDF). Centre for Cross-Border Studies. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
  9. ^ "AIB's First Trust refunds £350,000 to customers over fee error". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
  10. ^ "Northern Bank to close four branches". BBC News. 16 January 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  11. ^ "UK banks prepare for inevitable shake-up - sources". Reuters. 1 September 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  12. ^ "UK to prioritise taxpayers as bank shake-up looms". Reuters. 10 April 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  13. ^ The Big Four by D Rogers
  14. ^ Tully, Shawn (February 27, 2009). "Will the banks survive?". Fortune Magazine/CNN Money. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
  15. ^ "Citigroup posts 4th straight loss; Merrill loss widens". The Associated Press. 2008-10-16. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
  16. ^ Winkler, Rolfe (August 21, 2009). "Big banks still hold regulators hostage". Reuters, via Forbes.com. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
  17. ^ Temple, James (November 18, 2008). "Bay Area job losses likely in Citigroup layoffs". The San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 17 December 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ SFgate.com
  19. ^ Dash, Eric (August 23, 2007). "4 Major Banks Tap Fed for Financing". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
  20. ^ Pender, Kathleen (November 25, 2008). "Citigroup gets a monetary lifeline from feds". The San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
  21. ^ http://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2011/06/20/pnc-to-acquire-rbcs-united-states-unit/


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