United States Secret Service

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USSS redirects here. This sometimes refers to United States Space Shuttle.

The United States Secret Service is a United States federal government law enforcement agency that is part of the United States Department of Homeland Security (prior to the founding of that department in 2003, it was under the United States Department of the Treasury).

Role

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Secret Service Special Agents (foreground) protect the President of the United States.

Secret Service countersniper team

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Secret Service Uniformed Division

The Secret Service has primary jurisdiction over the prevention of counterfeiting of U.S. currency and U.S. treasury bonds and notes, and protection of the President, Vice President, their immediate families, other high ranking government officials, past presidents and their spouses, certain candidates for the offices of President and Vice President, and visiting foreign heads of state and government (all called "protectees"). It also investigates a wide variety of financial fraud crimes and identity theft and provides forensics assistance for some local crimes.

Appearance

Plainclothes agents of the Secret Service wear attire that is appropriate for the surroundings. In most circumstances, this means a conservative business suit. Photographs often show them wearing sunglasses (stereotypically Ray Ban) and a communication earpiece. The sunglasses are both an intimidation technique, as not being able to see a person's eyes is quite unsettling, and a way of concealing where the agent is looking. The attire for members of the Uniformed Division includes police dress uniforms for White House police officers, police work uniforms for investigative officers, and work clothes and identification vests for members of the countersniper team.

History

The Secret Service was commissioned on July 5, 1865 in Washington, D.C., to suppress counterfeit currency, which is why it was established under the United States Department of the Treasury. After the assassination of President William McKinley in 1901, Congress informally requested Secret Service presidential protection. A year later, the Secret Service assumed full-time responsibility for protection of the President. In 1902, William Craig was the first Secret Service agent killed while riding in the presidential motorcade. The only member of the Secret Service to die while actually defending the president from an assassination attempt is Private Leslie Coffelt of the White House Police Force (now called the Secret Service Uniformed Division). In 1950, President Truman was residing in the Blair House, across the street from the White House, while the executive mansion was undergoing renovations. Two men approached the Blair House with the intent to assassinate President Truman. Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torresola, who were Puerto Rican nationalists, opened fire on Private Coffelt and other White House Police officers. Though mortally wounded by three shots from a 9mm Luger to his chest and abdomen, Private Coffelt returned fire, killing Torresola with a single shot to his head. Collazo was also shot, but survived his injuries and served 29 years in prison before returning to Puerto Rico in 1979.

The Secret Service Presidential Protection Detail safeguards the President of the United States and his immediate family. They are heavily armed and work with local police and the military to safeguard the President when he travels, in Air Force 1, Marine 1, and by limousine in motorcades.

Although today this is the Secret Service's most visible role, personal protection is an anomaly in the responsibilities of an agency focused on fraud and counterfeiting. The reason for this combination of duties is that when the need for presidential protection became apparent in the late 19th century, there were a limited quantity of federal services with the necessary abilities and resources. The FBI, CIA, BATF, and DEA did not yet exist. The United States Marshals Service was the only other logical choice, and in fact the U.S. Marshals did provide protection for the president on a number of occasions. In the end, however, the job went to the Secret Service.

The Secret Service has over 5,000 employees: 2,100 special agents, 1,200 Uniformed Division employees, and 1,700 technical and administrative employees. Special agents either serve as bodyguards for public officials or investigate financial fraud.

Per Public Law 91-217, passed in 1970, Secret Service Uniformed Division police officers protect:

• the White House Complex, the Main Treasury Building and Annex, and other presidential offices
• the President and members of his immediate family
• the temporary official residence of the Vice President in the District of Columbia
• the Vice President and members of his immediate family
• foreign diplomatic missions in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area and throughout the United States and its territories and possessions, as prescribed by statute.
• the Democratic and Republican presidential candidates as well as their spouses during election years.

The United States Secret Service Uniformed Division is similar to the Capitol Police and is in charge of protecting the physical White House grounds and foreign diplomatic missions in the Washington, D.C. area. The Uniformed Division was originally a separate organization known as the White House Police Force, but was incorporated into the US Secret Service in 1971 as the Executive Protective Service and was renamed the Secret Service Uniformed Division in 1977.

In 1968, as a result of presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy's assassination, Congress authorized protection of major presidential and vice presidential candidates and nominees (Public Law 90-331). Congress also authorized protection of the widows of presidents until death or remarriage, and their children until age 16.

Congress passed legislation in 1994 stating that presidents elected to office after January 1, 1997, will receive Secret Service protection for 10 years after leaving office. Individuals elected to office prior to January 1, 1997, will continue to receive lifetime protection (Treasury Department Appropriations Act, 1995: Public Law 103-329).

The Service also investigates forgery of government checks, forgery of currency equivalents (such as travelers' checks), and certain instances of wire fraud (such as the so called Nigerian "419" advance fee scheme) and credit card fraud.

The Secret Service also has concurrent jurisdiction for violation of federal computer crime laws. They have created a network of 15 Electronic Crimes Task Forces (ECTF's) across the United States. These task forces create partnerships between the Service, federal/state and local law enforcement, the private sector and acadamia aimed at combating technology based crimes.

In 1998, President Bill Clinton signed Presidential Decision Directive 62, which established National Special Security Events (NSSE). In that directive, it made the Secret Service the federal agency responsible for security at events given such a designation.

Effective March 1, 2003, the Secret Service was transferred from the Department of the Treasury to the newly established Department of Homeland Security.

Secret Service involvement in rescue attempts during 9/11

The Secret Service New York City Field office was located at 7 World Trade Center, which collapsed with towers 1 and 2 following the terrorist attacks. Immediately after the attacks, Special Agents and other Secret Service employees stationed at the New York Field office were the first to respond with first aid trauma kits. The 67 Special Agents stationed at the New York Field Office assisted local fire and Police rescue teams by helping to set up triage areas and evacuate people from the towers. One Secret Service employee, Master Special officer Craig Miller, died during the rescue efforts.

On August 20, 2002, Director Brian L. Stafford recognised the bravery and heroism of the 67 Special Agents and other employees stationed in the New York Field Office, by awarding the Director's Valor award to all the employees who assisted in the rescue attempts in the World Trade Center on 9/11.

Directors

1. William P. Wood (1865 - 1869)
2. Herman C. Whitley (1869 - 1874)
3. Elmer Washburn (1874 - 1876)
4. James Brooks (1876 - 1888)
5. John S. Bell (1888 - 1890)
6. A.L. Drummond (1891 - 1894)
7. William P. Hazen (1894 - 1898)
8. John E. Wilkie (1898 - 1911)
9. William J. Flynn (1912 - 1917)
10. William H. Moran (1917 - 1936)
11. Frank J. Wilson (1937 - 1946)
12. James J. Maloney (1946 - 1948)
13. U.E. Baughman (1948 - 1961)
14. James J. Rowley (1961 - 1973)
15. H. Stuart Knight (1973 - 1981)
16. John R. Simpson (1981 - 1992)
17. John W. Magaw (1992 - 1993)
18. Eljay B. Bowron (1993 - 1997)
19. Lewis C. Merletti (1997 - 1999)
20. Brian L. Stafford (1999 - 2003)
21. W. Ralph Basham (2003 - 2006)
22. Mark J. Sullivan (nom.) (2006 - Present)

Secret Service in popular culture

• Debt of Honor - Tom Clancy book where Secret Service agents attempt to protect the president during the war with Japan. In addition the Sectret Service plays smaller roles in other Tom Clancy stories.
• The Sentinel - Michael Douglas and Kiefer Sutherland are Secret Service agents looking for a traitor within the agency.
• 24 - The Secret Service is regularly shown in action during scenes involving the President of the United States in this televised political action-drama. Glenn Morshower portrays veteran Special Agent and recurring team leader Aaron Pierce.
• Air Force One - Action film starring Harrison Ford. A group of Russian terrorists hijack Air Force One and hold the president's family and staff hostage. The Secret Service figures prominently.
• Along Came a Spider - mystery novel and film, about a kidnapping investigated by a police officer and a Secret Service agent.
• Chasing Liberty - A film starring Mandy Moore as the president's teenage daughter who travels Europe with an incommunicado Secret Service agent.
• Commander in Chief - An ABC television series starring Geena Davis as the nation's first female president. The secret service features prominently in their interactions with the president's children, who are in the district's public schools.
• Dave - A film that shows the camaraderie between the president, Kevin Kline, and his primary Secret Service agent, Ving Rhames.
• First Daughter - A film starring Katie Holmes as the daughter of the president, Michael Keaton which showcases the protective lengths her father takes to protect his college-bound girl.
• First Kid - Sinbad stars as a Secret Service agent assigned to protect the President's son.
• Guarding Tess - Film about a Secret Service agent assigned to guard a former First Lady.
• In the Line of Fire - Popular film about a presidential assassination plot, starring Clint Eastwood as a Secret Service agent.
• The Interpreter - Nicole Kidman plays an interpreter at the United Nations headquarters in New York. Sean Penn plays the Secret Service agent protecting her.
• The Matrix - The characters known as Agents wear business suits, sunglasses, and earpieces. Like the Secret Service, they investigate computer crimes.
• Murder at 1600 - The head of the Secret Service interferes the investigation of a murder in the White House.
• Prison Break - A Fox TV series where Secret Service agents are middlemen in a government conspiracy.
• To Live and Die in L.A. - A film about a Secret Service agent (William L. Petersen) determined to bring down a counterfeiter (Willem Dafoe) by any means necessary.
• The West Wing - A popular TV series about the West Wing of the White House starring Martin Sheen as the president. The show has featured the Secret Service in many capacities over its seven seasons, including the agency's reaction to an apparent assassination attempt.
• Wild Wild West - Western parody starring Will Smith and Kevin Kline. In the final scene, President Ulysses S. Grant declares Smith and Kline to be the first Secret Service men. The movie was a reinterpretation of an older television show, The Wild Wild West, in which Robert Conrad and Ross Martin played early Secret Service agents.
• My Date with the President's Daughter

See also

• Presidential Security Service
• Praetorian Guard
• Federal Protective Service
• Royal Canadian Mounted Police National Protective Security Program

External links

• United States Secret Service website
• Protecting the US president abroad
• USSS and Italian law enforcement agencies protecting President George W. Bush in Rome (April 7, 2005)
• Press release concerning rescue Efforts of USSS NY Field Office immediately after The World Trade Centre Attacks