Mozhaysk: Difference between revisions
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==In popular culture== |
==In popular culture== |
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The fact that Mozhaysk was frequently the last major stop on the way to the capital, led to the ''"push beyond Mozhay"'' expression ({{lang|ru|загнать за Можай}}, zagnat' za Mozhay), which literally means "push (people, enemy) away (from Moscow) further than Mozhaysk."<ref>''[http://www.geocaching.su/?pn=101&cid=2301 Загнать за Можай]'' (in Russian).</ref> Mozhaisk was Lithuania's city from the ancient times and Lithuania had the border with Muskovia (many times remarked with many piece treaties) or closer to Moscow or farther from Moscow than Mozhaisk. The borders were chosen along Lithuanian rivers: |
The fact that Mozhaysk was frequently the last major stop on the way to the capital, led to the ''"push beyond Mozhay"'' expression ({{lang|ru|загнать за Можай}}, zagnat' za Mozhay), which literally means "push (people, enemy) away (from Moscow) further than Mozhaysk."<ref>''[http://www.geocaching.su/?pn=101&cid=2301 Загнать за Можай]'' (in Russian).</ref> Mozhaisk was Lithuania's city from the ancient times and Lithuania had the border with Muskovia (many times remarked with many piece treaties) or closer to Moscow or farther from Moscow than Mozhaisk. The borders were chosen along Lithuanian rivers: Mozhayka, Lakhovnya, Nara (same root like in other Lithuanian rivers Narev and Neris), Ruza, Sezha or Vazuza (all Lithuanian rivers like Mozhayka). North of Mozhaisk still there are rivers like Palna (Lith. pilna means full) or Litonka (Lithuanian name is derived from such words lietauka or lytava or lietuva means a flow) or Vandovo (Lith. vanduva means water) village. |
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==International relations== |
==International relations== |
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Revision as of 19:16, 23 November 2013
Mozhaysk
Можайск | |
|---|---|
 The new Mozhaysk Cathedral, constructed in 1802–1814 | |
.png) Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Mozhaysk  | |
  Mozhaysk Location of Mozhaysk  Mozhaysk Mozhaysk (Moscow Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 55°30′N 36°2′E / 55.500°N 36.033°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Moscow Oblast |
| Administrative district | Mozhaysky District |
| Founded | 1231 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Igor Sungurov |
| Elevation | 210 m (690 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 31,363 |
| • Capital of | Mozhaysky District |
| • Municipal district | Mozhaysky Municipal District |
| • Urban settlement | Mozhaysk Urban Settlement |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [2]) |
| Postal code(s)[3] | 143200 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 49638 |
| OKTMO ID | 46633101001 |
| Website | www |
Mozhaysk[4] (Russian: Можайск, IPA: [məˈʐajsk]) is a town and the administrative center of Mozhaysky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia, located 110 kilometers (68 mi) to the west of the Russian capital, on the historic road leading to Smolensk and then to Poland. Population: 31,363 (2010 Russian census);[1] 31,459 (2002 Census);[5] 30,735 (1989 Soviet census).[6]
History
The town was first mentioned in 1231 as an appanage of Chernigov; it was named after the river Mozhai or Mozhaya, whose name is of Baltic origin (cf. Lithuanian mažoja 'small').[7] Later it was an important stronghold of the Smolensk dynasty, one time owned by Feodor the Black. The Muscovites seized it in 1303, but in the course of the following century had serious troubles defending it against Algirdas of Lithuania. The principality was usually held by a younger brother of the ruling Grand Duke of Moscow, until the practice was dropped in 1493. In 1562, the Treaty of Mozhaysk was signed there. Mozhaysk continued to defend the Western approaches to Moscow during Napoleon's invasion of Russia and World War II (during which it was captured by the Germans on October 16, 1941). The great Battle of Borodino took place 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from the city. Town status was granted to it in 1708.
Architecture
The first stone cathedral was built in the kremlin in the early 14th century; in 1849, it was demolished stone by stone and then reconstructed exactly as it used to be. A larger blood-red cathedral in the Gothic Revival style was completed in 1814. The church of St. Joachim and Anna preserves some parts from the early 15th century. Another important landmark is the Luzhetsky monastery, founded in 1408 by Saint Ferapont and rebuilt in brick in the 16th century. The monastery cathedral, erected during the reign of Basil III, was formerly known for its frescoes, ascribed to Dionisy's circle.
In popular culture
The fact that Mozhaysk was frequently the last major stop on the way to the capital, led to the "push beyond Mozhay" expression (загнать за Можай, zagnat' za Mozhay), which literally means "push (people, enemy) away (from Moscow) further than Mozhaysk."[8] Mozhaisk was Lithuania's city from the ancient times and Lithuania had the border with Muskovia (many times remarked with many piece treaties) or closer to Moscow or farther from Moscow than Mozhaisk. The borders were chosen along Lithuanian rivers: Mozhayka, Lakhovnya, Nara (same root like in other Lithuanian rivers Narev and Neris), Ruza, Sezha or Vazuza (all Lithuanian rivers like Mozhayka). North of Mozhaisk still there are rivers like Palna (Lith. pilna means full) or Litonka (Lithuanian name is derived from such words lietauka or lytava or lietuva means a flow) or Vandovo (Lith. vanduva means water) village.
International relations
Twin towns and sister cities
Mozhaysk is twinned with:
Château-du-Loir, France
Drochtersen, Germany
Etropole, Bulgaria
Lohja, Finland
Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
Ujazd, Poland
Vileyka, Belarus
References
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Alternative transliterations include Mozhaisk, Mozhajsk, Mozhaĭsk, and Možajsk.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Е. М. Поспелов. "Географические названия мира". Москва, 1998. Стр. 272
- ^ Загнать за Можай (in Russian).
External links
Historical towns and monasteries of the former Principality of Moscow | ||
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