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'''Erythrose''' is a [[tetrose]] [[carbohydrate]] with the [[chemical formula]] C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. It has one [[aldehyde]] group, and so is part of the [[aldose]] family. The natural isomer is <small>D</small>-erythrose.
'''Erythrose''' is a [[tetrose]] [[carbohydrate]] with the [[chemical formula]] C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. It has one [[aldehyde]] group, and so is part of the [[aldose]] family. The natural isomer is <small>D</small>-erythrose.
[[File:DL-Erythrose.svg|thumb|left|Fischer projections]]
[[File:DL-Erythrose.svg|thumb|left|Fischer projections]]


'''Erythrose''' is used as body fuel, as glucose. The final products are carbon dioxide and water.<ref>Batt RD, Dickens F, Williamson DH. 1960. Tetrose metabolism 2. The utilization of tetroses and tetritols by rat tissues. Biochem J. 77:281-94.</ref>

'''Erythrose''' is an anti-cancer agent. In vitro, 3-4mM erythrose effectively kills cancer cells for tested cell lines such as: lung cancers, breast cancers, colorectal cancers, etc; higher dose maybe required for some other cancer cell lines, liver and prostate. <ref>Wang X and Wei Y 2010 “Erythrose kill cancer cell in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in vivo” American Association for Cancer Research 101st Conference.</ref>

'''D-Erythrose''' inhibits tumor growth in vivo. <ref>LILI LIU, TAO YI and XIA ZHAO 2015. Antitumor effect of D-erythrose in an abdominal metastatic model of colon carcinoma ONCOLOGY LETTERS 9: 769-773, 2015</ref>

'''Erythrose''' is a very small molecule, molecule weight 120, 2/3 of '''Glucose'''. '''Glucose''' is the human body universal fuel. Human boday has very high tolerate to glucose. The blood sugar can reach 8mM after a normal meal. Diabetes can have blood sugar (mainly glucose)up to 30mM for days. '''Lactate''', weight 90, blood concentration can reach 4mM after exercise in our body. Ketone bodies, weight about 100, blood concentration can reach up to 15mM during fasting.

What '''Erythrose''' can do for cancer patients needs further study.



Erythrose was first isolated in January 1850 from rhubarb by M. Garot, and was named as such because of its red hue in the presence of alkali metals (ἐρυθρός, "red").<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wells|first1=David Ames|last2=Cross|first2=Charles Robert|last3=Bliss|first3=George|last4=Trowbridge|first4=John|last5=Nichols|first5=William Ripley|last6=Kneeland|first6=Samuel|title=Annual of Scientific Discovery|date=1851|publisher=Gould, Kendall, and Lincoln|location=Boston|page=211|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TBc1AAAAMAAJ&dq=erythrose+discovery&source=gbs_navlinks_s|accessdate=11 December 2014}}</ref>
Erythrose was first isolated in January 1850 from rhubarb by M. Garot, and was named as such because of its red hue in the presence of alkali metals (ἐρυθρός, "red").<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wells|first1=David Ames|last2=Cross|first2=Charles Robert|last3=Bliss|first3=George|last4=Trowbridge|first4=John|last5=Nichols|first5=William Ripley|last6=Kneeland|first6=Samuel|title=Annual of Scientific Discovery|date=1851|publisher=Gould, Kendall, and Lincoln|location=Boston|page=211|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TBc1AAAAMAAJ&dq=erythrose+discovery&source=gbs_navlinks_s|accessdate=11 December 2014}}</ref>

Revision as of 12:29, 26 December 2014

Erythrose[1]

D-Erythrose

L-Erythrose
Names
IUPAC names
(2R,3R)-2,3,4-Trihydroxybutanal (D)
(2S,3S)-2,3,4-Trihydroxybutanal (L)
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.008.643 Edit this at Wikidata
  • InChI=1S/C4H8O4/c5-1-3(7)4(8)2-6/h1,3-4,6-8H,2H2/t3-,4+/m0/s1 checkY
    Key: YTBSYETUWUMLBZ-IUYQGCFVSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C4H8O4/c5-1-3(7)4(8)2-6/h1,3-4,6-8H,2H2/t3-,4+/m0/s1
    Key: YTBSYETUWUMLBZ-IUYQGCFVBI
  • (D): OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O
  • (L): OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O
Properties
C4H8O4
Molar mass 120.104 g·mol−1
Appearance Light yellow syrup
Very soluble
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
1
0
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Erythrose is a tetrose carbohydrate with the chemical formula C4H8O4. It has one aldehyde group, and so is part of the aldose family. The natural isomer is D-erythrose.

Fischer projections


Erythrose is used as body fuel, as glucose. The final products are carbon dioxide and water.[2]

Erythrose is an anti-cancer agent. In vitro, 3-4mM erythrose effectively kills cancer cells for tested cell lines such as: lung cancers, breast cancers, colorectal cancers, etc; higher dose maybe required for some other cancer cell lines, liver and prostate. [3]

D-Erythrose inhibits tumor growth in vivo. [4]

Erythrose is a very small molecule, molecule weight 120, 2/3 of Glucose. Glucose is the human body universal fuel. Human boday has very high tolerate to glucose. The blood sugar can reach 8mM after a normal meal. Diabetes can have blood sugar (mainly glucose)up to 30mM for days. Lactate, weight 90, blood concentration can reach 4mM after exercise in our body. Ketone bodies, weight about 100, blood concentration can reach up to 15mM during fasting.

What Erythrose can do for cancer patients needs further study.


Erythrose was first isolated in January 1850 from rhubarb by M. Garot, and was named as such because of its red hue in the presence of alkali metals (ἐρυθρός, "red").[5]

Erythrose 4-phosphate is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway[6] and the Calvin cycle.[7]

Erythrulose, an isomer of erythrose, is non-toxic.[8]

Oxidative bacteria can be made to use erythrose as its sole energy source.[9]

References

  1. ^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 3637
  2. ^ Batt RD, Dickens F, Williamson DH. 1960. Tetrose metabolism 2. The utilization of tetroses and tetritols by rat tissues. Biochem J. 77:281-94.
  3. ^ Wang X and Wei Y 2010 “Erythrose kill cancer cell in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in vivo” American Association for Cancer Research 101st Conference.
  4. ^ LILI LIU, TAO YI and XIA ZHAO 2015. Antitumor effect of D-erythrose in an abdominal metastatic model of colon carcinoma ONCOLOGY LETTERS 9: 769-773, 2015
  5. ^ Wells, David Ames; Cross, Charles Robert; Bliss, George; Trowbridge, John; Nichols, William Ripley; Kneeland, Samuel (1851). Annual of Scientific Discovery. Boston: Gould, Kendall, and Lincoln. p. 211. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  6. ^ Kruger, Nicholas J; von Schaewen, Antje (June 2003). "The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway: structure and organisation". Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 6 (3): 236–246. doi:10.1016/S1369-5266(03)00039-6. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  7. ^ Schwender, Jörg; Goffman, Fernando; Ohlrogge, John B.; Shachar-Hill, Yair (9 December 2004). "Rubisco without the Calvin cycle improves the carbon efficiency of developing green seeds". Nature. 432 (7018): 779–782. doi:10.1038/nature03145. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  8. '^ National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS). Erythrulose. Australia February 11, 2008.
  9. ^ Hiatt, Howard H; Horecker, B L (13 October 1955). "D-erythrose metabolism in a strain of Alcaligenes faecalis". Journal of Bacteriology. 71 (6): 649–654. Retrieved 11 December 2014.


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