Reading Buses

File:Reading Buses Logo.png
Alexander Dennis Enviro 400 on route Purple 17 in December 2013
Parent	Reading Borough Council
Founded	31 October 1901
Headquarters	Reading
Service area	Berkshire
Service type	Bus services
Routes	92
Destinations	Reading Bracknell Newbury
Fleet	170 (May 2014)
Fuel type	Diesel Natural Gas Hybrid
Chief executive	Martijn Gilbert
Website	www.reading-buses.co.uk

Reading Buses is a bus operator serving the towns of Reading, Bracknell, Newbury and the surrounding area in the county of Berkshire, England. The operating company is officially known as Reading Transport Limited, and is owned by Reading Borough Council.

History

Previous Logo

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Horse tram era

Horse tram on Oxford Road in 1893

Main article: Reading Tramways Company

The origins of Reading Transport can be traced back to 1878, when the privately owned Reading Tramways Company (part of the Imperial Tramways Company) was formed. They were initially authorised to construct and operate a horse tram route on an east–west alignment from Oxford Road through Broad Street in the town centre to Cemetery Junction. Significantly, this route formed the core of what became known as the main line of the tram and trolleybus network.

Construction started in January 1879, with the entire line being open by May. A fleet of six single-decked cars were initially used, with 31 horses, providing a 20-minute frequency. The cars operated from a depot on the south side of the Oxford Road, immediately to the east of Reading West railway station. By the 1890s the whole fleet had been replaced by double-decked cars operating at a 10-minute frequency. The company made several proposals to extend the system, add routes and electrify the system. But none of these came to anything, and in 1899 the borough corporation decided to purchase the system.

The purchase deal was completed on 31 October 1901, and the Reading Corporation Tramways came into being. The corporation set out about first extending, and then electrifying the system. The extensions were completed by December 1902, and the last horse cars ran in July of the following year.

Electric tram era

Reading Corporation Tramways opening ceremony on 22 July 1903

Main article: Reading Corporation Tramways

The new electric trams started operating in July 1903. Extensions were constructed to the Wokingham Road and London Road (both from Cemetery Junction), and new routes added to Whitley, Caversham Road, Erleigh Road and Bath Road. The trams operated from a new depot in Mill Lane, a site that was to remain Reading Transport's main depot until it was demolished to make way for The Oracle shopping mall in 1998.

The electric tram services were originally operated by 30 four-wheeled double decked cars supplied by Dick, Kerr & Co. In 1904, six bogie cars and a water car (used for keeping down the dust on the streets) were added to the fleet, also from Dick, Kerr & Co. No further trams were acquired, and a planned extension from the Caversham Road terminus across Caversham Bridge to Caversham itself was abandoned because of the outbreak of World War I. The war also led to a significant maintenance backlog.

In 1919, Reading Corporation started operating its first motor buses. These ran from Caversham Heights to Tilehurst, running over the tram lines and beyond the tram termini. Because of the state of the track, the Bath Road tram route was abandoned in 1930, followed by the Erleigh Road route in 1932. Eventually it was decided that the tramways should be abandoned and replaced by trolleybuses, operating over extended routes. The last tram ran on the Caversham Road to Whitley route in July 1936, and last car on the main line ran in May 1939.

Trolleybus era

Main article: Trolleybuses in Reading

Reading Trolleybus in Newtown in 1965

The first trolleybus wiring erected was a training loop on Erleigh Road, which opened in early 1936. This loop was never used in public service, and was subsequently dismantled. Public service commenced on 18 July 1936, on a route replacing the tram route from Caversham Road to Whitley Street. In May 1939, the remaining tram routes from Oxford Road to Wokingham Road and London Road were converted to trolleybus operation, with a short extension from Wokingham Road to the Three Tuns, and a much longer extension from the Oxford Road through the centre of Tilehurst to the Bear Inn. The extended main line from the Three Tuns to the Bear, still exists today as bus route 17, the town's busiest and most frequent route, and the first to be designated a premier route.

During World War II a trolleybus branch was constructed from the Oxford Road to Kentwood Hill, enabling trolleybuses to replace motor buses with a consequential saving in precious oil based fuel. In 1949 the Whitley Street line was extended to Whitley Wood and Northumberland Avenue and a short branch was built to Reading General station. Subsequent short extensions took the system to its full extent, with the Kentwood route running to Armour Hill and the Northumberland Avenue line running to the junction with Whitley Wood Road.

By 1965, most UK trolleybus systems had closed, and the manufacturers of the overhead equipment gave notice that they would cease production. At the same time the trolleybuses came in for some bad publicity in the local press because they cost more to operate compared to motor buses and they were inflexible, even though the trolleybuses were profitable (Reading's motor buses made a loss), faster and less polluting. Reading Corporation decided to abandon the trolleybus system, and the routes were phased out between January 1967 and November 1968.

The UK's first contra-flow bus lane was instigated along Kings Road, when that road was made one-way in the early 1960s. The trolleybuses continued to operate two-way, as it was considered uneconomic to erect wiring on the new inbound route, London Road. The concept of the contra-flow bus lane was proved successful, and adopted in other places for motor buses.

Expansion and competition

Reading Transport offices in 1985 now The Oracle shopping centre

The Transport Act 1980 deregulated long distance bus services. Reading Transport took advantage of this new freedom to start a service from Reading through London to Southend. The service was numbered X1 and was run jointly with Southend Transport. In 1982 the X1 was shortened to run from Reading to Aldgate in East London, under the "Gold Line" brand, and joint operation ceased.

As a result of the legislation that accompanied the deregulation of local bus services in 1986, the operations of Reading Transport were transferred to Reading Transport Ltd, an "arms length" company whose shares were held by Reading Borough Council. Bus deregulation also meant that the local council no longer had any power to regulate the routes and fares of Reading Transport, nor could they prevent other operators from starting competitive services within the borough.

In 1992 Reading Transport acquired the Reading and Newbury operations of BeeLine, one of the privatised successors to the state-owned Alder Valley. These acquisitions led to Reading Transport operating buses in Newbury, and in the rural areas around Reading and Newbury, for the first time. Additionally, BeeLine had operated a Reading to London service under the LondonLink name, and that was merged into the Gold Line service and the resulting service renamed London Line. The Gold Line name was retained for use by Reading Transport's non-scheduled service business. The London Line service ceased in 2000.

Reading Transport faced competition on Reading urban routes from 1994, when Reading Mainline, an independent company, started operations with AEC Routemasters acquired from Transport for London. Labour shortages created problems for the competitor, and Reading Transport acquired Reading Mainline in 1998. Reading Transport continued to operate the Routemasters under the Reading Mainline brand until they were finally withdrawn in July 2000.

Premier and vitality routes

Optare Excel LowRider in 1999 in a variant of the livery used until the introduction of premier routes

Since 2004, Reading Buses and Reading Borough Council have made a significant investment in upgrading the quality of Reading's main urban bus routes. In autumn of that year, Reading Buses introduced its first branded Premier Route in the form of the number 17, running between the Three Tuns on Wokingham Road and the Bear Inn at Tilehurst via the town centre and Oxford Road, and the linear descendent of the old main line. This was intended as the first in a series of such routes, each providing a weekday daytime frequency of between 3 and 8 buses per hour. Each premier route, or group of routes, would be allocated a distinctive colour, to be used on the buses on that route, and also on maps and other publicity.

Since then the premier route concept has been rolled out on most of Reading's urban routes. In April 2009, a similar concept was introduced to some of Reading Buses' longer distance rural routes. These were rebranded as Vitality Routes, using specially branded green and silver or red and silver buses. In 2014, these too were changed to a colour brand, becoming 'Lime Routes'.

Current operations

Reading Buses

Reading Transport operates public service buses under the Reading Buses brand throughout the town of Reading, and to a lesser extent in the rural area around Reading. Most of the urban routes have been branded as Premier Routes, with each route or group of routes allocated a distinctive colour. These colours are used on the buses used on that route, and also on maps and other publicity. Premier routes provide a weekday daytime frequency of between 2 and 8 buses per hour, depending on the route.

Other routes, including some rural routes and non-premier urban routes, operate at lower frequency, varying from several buses a day to two buses an hour. They are allocated a grey colour in maps and publicity, and are currently operated by a mixture of vehicles in a new silver based fleet colour scheme similar to that used on the premier routes, together with vehicles in various previous colour schemes.

Reading Buses also operates the NightTrack network under contract to Reading Borough Council. These services run on their own routes from 23:45 until late into the night. Premier route 17 also operates at these times, but all other routes finish by then.

Main routes
	Brand	Number	Route	Notes	Image
	Jet Black	1	Reading - Thatcham - Newbury	This commercial route is operated by a fleet of Euro 5 compliant diesel engined Alexander Dennis Enviro400 buses. Until September 2014 it was operated by Newbury & District, using the same buses and under contract to Reading Buses, but is now directly operated.
	Lime	2	Reading – Burghfield Common – Mortimer - Tadley - AWE	Gas powered Alexander Dennis Enviro 300 buses are used on this route.
		2a
	The Leopard	3	Reading - Shinfield - Arborfield Cross - Wokingham	The Leopard is a fully commercial route that replaced Thames Travel's 144 which was subsidised by Wokingham Borough Council. Gas powered Alexander Dennis Enviro 300 buses are used on this route.
	The Lion	4	Reading - Wokingham - Southern Estates - Bracknell	The Lion replaced First Berkshire's 90 after Reading Buses agreed to buy the route as First withdrew from Bracknell. The route mostly uses electric hybrid Alexander Dennis Enviro 400 buses, together with a pair of Euro 5 compliant diesel equivalents.
		X4	Reading - Wokingham - John Nike Centre - Bracknell
	Emerald	5	Reading – Whitley – Northumberland Avenue	Formerly known as "Mint Green" this route now sports a luxury jewel style brand name, "Emerald", similar to Stagecoach Gold and Arriva Sapphire (both also created by Reading's branding agency Best Impressions). This route now uses Alexander Dennis Enviro 400 Euro 6 buses, introduced in May 2015.
		6	Reading – Basingstoke Road – Whitley Wood
	Scarlet	9	Reading – Royal Berkshire Hospital – Shinfield Road – Whitley Wood – Shinfield	Gas powered Alexander Dennis Enviro 300 buses are used on this route.
		9a	Reading – Basingstoke Road - Kennet Island - Shinfield	Late night service.
		X9	Reading – Foster Wheeler	Monday - Friday peak morning and evening journeys only.
	Bronze	11	Reading – Coley Park	Gas powered Alexander Dennis Enviro 300 buses are used on this route.
	Orange	13	Reading – Bulmershe – Woodley – Woodley Green – Woodley Airfield
		14	Reading – Shepherds Hill – Woodley – Colemansmoor Lane
	Sky Blue	15	Reading – Dee Park – Tilehurst – Tilehurst Triangle
		16	Reading – Kentwood – Overdown Road – Purley
	Purple	17	Tilehurst – Oxford Road – Reading – Wokingham Road – Three Tuns	24/7 route. The first of the original "premier" routes, Purple 17 uses electric hybrid Alexander Dennis Enviro 400 buses.
	The Nineteens	19a	Reading - Silverdale Road - Woodley - Reading Station	Together these three routes are branded "The Nineteens", and use Wright StreetLite buses.
		19b	Reading - Beech Lane - Lower Earley Asda
		19c	Reading - Woodley - Silverdale Road - Reading Station
	Claret	21	Reading – University Whiteknights Campus – Asda - Rushey Way – Lower Earley	24/7 route. New Alexander Dennis Enviro 400 Euro 6 diesel buses were introduced to this route in October 2014.
	Claret Spritzer	21a	Reading – University Whiteknights Campus	These short working journeys of route 21 shuttle between Central Reading and the University during the week in term time, using a fleet of four specially refurbished Scania OmniDekkas fitted with a lounge area, games pods, a bluetooth juke box, Wi-Fi, USB and Wireless charging.
	Pink	22	Reading – Caversham Library – Caversham Heights	Gas powered Alexander Dennis Enviro 300 single decker, and Scania OmniCity double decker buses are used on these routes.
		23	Reading – Henley Road – Caversham Park
		24	Reading – Caversham Library – Emmer Green
		25	Reading - Emmer Green – Peppard Common
	Yellow	26	Reading – Southcote – Fords Farm – Beansheaf – Calcot	Electric hybrid Alexander Dennis Enviro 400 buses are used on this route
	Lower Caversham Shuttle	27	Reading – Caversham Library - Amersham Road	These two routes are collectively branded "The Lower Caversham Shuttle", and use Wright Streetlite buses.
		29	Reading – Reading Bridge - Amersham Road
	Royal Blue	33	Reading – Meadway – Tilehurst – Chapel Hill – Turnhams Farm

Public routes run under contract (previously Goldline/Fasttrack)
	Brand	Number	Route	Notes	Image
	Greenwave	various	Various routes to and from Reading – Green Park Business Park, Kennet Island, Madejski Stadium Park & Ride and Reading International Business Park.	Gas powered Alexander Dennis Enviro 300 buses are used on these routes.
	park&ride	500	Winnersh Triangle park and ride – Reading	Park and ride service, in October 2015 this route replaced Loddon Bridge park and ride.

Other urban routes
	Number	Route	Notes	Image
	18	Caversham Heights – Reading – Norcot – Kentwood – Tilehurst – Calcot	Saturdays only
	28	Caversham Heights – Reading – Tilehurst – Kentwood – Westwood Glen – Purley	Monday – Friday only
	40	Reading – St Mary's Butts – Kennet Island
Rural routes
	Number	Route	Notes	Image
	82	Reading – Three Mile Cross – Spencers Wood – Swallowfield – Riseley	Evening Service- Mon-Wed (1), Thurs-Sat (3). Daytime service operated by Fleet Buzz.
	82K	Reading – Kennet Island – Three Mile Cross – Spencers Wood – Swallowfield	Sundays only. Four journeys.
Special routes for sporting events
	Number	Route	Notes	Image
	70	Sonning Common – Madejski Stadium	Reading F.C. match days only
	71/71A	Emmer Green – Madejski Stadium	Reading F.C. match days only
	72/72B	Woodley – Madejski Stadium	Reading F.C. match days only
	72A	Twyford – Madejski Stadium	Reading F.C. match days only
	73	Lower Earley – Madejski Stadium	Reading F.C. match days only
	74	Caversham Park – Madejski Stadium	Reading F.C. match days only
	74A	Henley-on-Thames – Madejski Stadium	Reading F.C. match days only
	75	Purley – Madejski Stadium	Reading F.C. match days only
	75A	Pangbourne – Madejski Stadium	Reading F.C. match days only
	76/76A	Tilehurst – Madejski Stadium	Reading F.C. match days only
	77	Shinfield and Park and ride shuttle – Madejski Stadium	Reading F.C. match days only
	78	Newbury – Madejski Stadium	Reading F.C. match days only
	79	Reading railway station – Madejski Stadium	Reading F.C. match days only

Private routes run under contract
	Number	Route	Notes	Image
	TW	Thames Water: Reading – Rose Kiln Court or Gainsborough House	Thames Water staff transport
	HP	Hewlett-Packard: Bracknell railway station – HP Cain Road	Hewlett Packard staff transport
	V1	Express Rail Link: HQ – Newbury town centre – rail station	Vodafone staff transport in Newbury
	V2	Business Flyer: HQ – Newbury business park – Horizon West
	V3	Lunchtime Shuttle: HQ – Town centre
	V4	Lunchtime Shuttle: Business park – Horizon West – Town centre
	V5	Rail Link: Business park – Horizon West – Town centre – Rail station – Business park – Horizon West
	V6	Rail Link: HQ – Rail station
	V7	North Newbury Commuter Service: Speen – Shaw – Business park
	V8	South Newbury Commuter Service: Penwood – Woolton – Wash Common – HQ – Business park – Horizon West
	V9	Greenham Commuter Service: Greenham – Horizon West – Business park – HQ
	V10	Thatcham Commuter Service: Thatcham (Anti-clockwise) – Business park – HQ
	V11	Thatcham Commuter Service: Thatcham (Clockwise) – Business park – HQ
	V12	HQ Peak Shuttle: Bus Station – Northbrook Street – HQ

Obsolete Brands

Newbury Buses

Newbury Buses Dennis Dart, pre "Newbury & District" competition

Reading Transport operated public service buses in the town of Newbury until August 2011 and the surrounding rural area under the "Newbury Buses" brand. Two routes were branded using the same Vitality Route brand that was used by Reading Buses, and provide weekday daytime frequencies of 2 buses per hour. Another longer distance route, to Basingstoke, was jointly operated with Stagecoach in Hampshire and branded as The Link.

When Reading withdrew from all commercial and tendered work in the Newbury area the majority of work passed to Newbury & District (the trading name for Weavaway Travel's bus services). The Link is now operated by Stagecoach in Hampshire on a revised timetable to reflect the Stagecoach depot being in Basingstoke.

Jet Black 1 was subcontracted to Weavaway Travel in 2011, using several Alexander Dennis Enviro400s, which are owned by Weavaway but are in a route branded version of Reading Buses livery and are on the Reading fleet system. Additional Enviro400s owned by Weavaway in an allover black livery are also able to be used on the route.

Goldline Travel

Goldline logo

Reading Buses used the Goldline Travel as the umbrella name for its non-public service bus operations, including services operated under contract for various local employers. Goldline Travel was also responsible for the operation of Fastrack and Daytrack park and ride services and "Nighttrack" night bus services, all of which are operated under contract to Reading Borough Council. The private hire section has now ceased.

Goldline Travel had a two-tone green colour scheme. However most Goldline Travel services were operated by vehicles in colour schemes specified by the contracting organisation, and are therefore not easily identified as such. These include Fastrack park and ride services.

Unlike bus services run by Reading Buses, Goldine gave change on their routes. This is mainly for the benefit of visitors who are more likely to use routes such as park and ride than city routes.

In May 2008, Goldline won the contract to operate route 142 from Checkendon, Woodcote and Purley to Reading, the route was previously operated by Thames Travel. However when the route was next tendered, in May 2012, the contract reverted to Thames Travel.

In February 2009, the private hire services run by Goldline ceased, and the coaches were all sold.

Loddon Bridge Park & Ride

In 2015, Loddon Bridge Park & Ride route 500 ceased and the site was closed, having been superseded by Winnersh Triangle Park & Ride, following the completion of the new site by Reading and Wokingham Borough Councils.

Fleet

As at May 2013 the fleet consisted of 165 buses. The fleet livery is silver and cream, although most buses are painted in colour schemes for individual routes. New "Emerald" buses for South Reading routes 5 and 6 were introduced in May 2015. These have Euro VI compliant diesel engines but are not electric hybrids. The new buses are equipped with USB charging ports and 4G Wi-Fi.

Fuels

Biofuel controversy

Ethanol fueled Scania OmniCity in May 2008 in the livery it carried when used on the 17

Reading Buses has a history of experimenting with biofuels, including biodiesel and alcohol fuel. By 2008, all but one of Reading's bus fleet was fuelled by a mix of 5% biodiesel and 95% conventional diesel.

In late 2007, Reading Buses placed an order with Scania for 14 ethanol fuelled double decker buses to replace the existing fleet of biodiesel powered vehicles operating premier route 17. At the time the order was placed, this was the largest order for ethanol fuelled buses in the UK. These buses started work on 26 May 2008.

In October 2009, it was discovered that instead of the bio-ethanol fuel having been sourced from sugar beet grown in the English county of Norfolk (as had been advertised), it was actually made from wood pulp imported from Sweden. On learning this Reading Borough councillors launched an investigation into how they and the Reading Transport Board could have been deceived. All the ethanol-powered buses have since been converted to run on the same bio-diesel mix as the rest of the fleet.

Hybrid buses

Reading Buses has over 30 hybrid (diesel-battery-electric) buses which are used on routes 17, 21 and 26.

Gas buses

In May 2013, 20 buses powered by compressed natural gas were introduced. These are used on the Greenwave routes, on Scarlet 9 and on Bronze 11. These buses have also been introduced on Lime 2, The Leopard 3 and certain Pink routes.

External links

• Reading Buses web site
• Newbury Buses web site
• Goldline web site
• Page on Reading Transport from Bus Zone enthusiast site