Tarika-e-Maizbhandari: Difference between revisions
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==Khalifa== |
==Khalifa== |
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In the way of Sufism or Islamic system Khalifa means the authorized person who is assign for a particular work, on the way of Maizbhandari Sufism , Gausul Azam Hazrat Syed Ahmed Ullah Maizbhandari (K:) assigned Khalifa to spreading the Maizbhandari Sufism all over the continent. Khalifa also consider as spiritual master who is assign or appointed for Sufism practicing.There are hundred more khalifa's from different place was appointed for maizbhandari sufism teaching.We can find a list of his Successors was published by one of his descendants, Delwar Hossain Maizbhanderi, in his famous work 'Gausul Azam Maizbhandarir Jiboni O Karamat' (Life sketch of Hazrat Kebla Kaba)in this book. |
In the way of Sufism or Islamic system Khalifa means the authorized person who is assign for a particular work, on the way of Maizbhandari Sufism , Gausul Azam Hazrat Syed Ahmed Ullah Maizbhandari (K:) assigned Khalifa to spreading the Maizbhandari Sufism all over the continent. Khalifa also consider as spiritual master who is assign or appointed for Sufism practicing.There are hundred more khalifa's from different place was appointed for maizbhandari sufism teaching.We can find a list of his Successors was published by one of his descendants, Delwar Hossain Maizbhanderi, in his famous work 'Gausul Azam Maizbhandarir Jiboni O Karamat' (Life sketch of Hazrat Kebla Kaba)in this book. |
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==List of his Successor/ Khalifa== |
==List of his Successor/ Khalifa== |
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! style="background: #efefef"|Name and Location |
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Revision as of 00:10, 22 April 2016
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Ghaus-e-Azam Hazrat Syed Ahmed Ullah Maizbhandari Universal Sufi Saint | |
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Born | Syed Ahmed Ullah c. 15 January 1826 |
Died | 23 January 1906 | (aged 80)
Cause of death | Due to old age |
Resting place | Shrine of Ahmed Ullah Maizbhandari, Chittagong, Bangladesh. |
Other names | Ghaus-e-Azam, Kebla, Gausul Azam Maizbhandari, Boro Moulana, Khatemul Olad, Shaie-e-Lillah and Ahmed Ullah Rahmathullah Alai |
Known for | Maizbhandari Sufi Order |
Children | Syed Faizul Haque |
Parent(s) | Father: Mohammed Matiullah Mother: Bibi Khairun Nesa |
Ghaus-e-Azam Syed Gulamur Rahman Maizbhandari Universal Sufi Saint | |
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Born | Syed Gulamur Rahman c. 15 January 1826 |
Died | 5 April 1937 | (aged 72)
Cause of death | Due to old age |
Resting place | Shrine of Hazrat Syed Gulamur Rahman Maizbhandari, Chittagong, Bangladesh. |
Other names | Ghaus-e-Azam,Babajan Kebla, Gausul Azam Baba Bhandari |
Known for | Maizbhandari Sufi Order |
Children | Syed Khairul Bashar, Syed Abul Bashar,Syed Mahbubul Bashar, Syed Shafiul Bashar, Syeda Maimuna Khatun, Syeda Sajeda Khatun |
Parent(s) | Father: Syed Abdul Karim Mother: Syeda Musharaf Jaan |
Relatives | Gausul Azam Hazrat Syed Ahmed Ullah Maizbhandari(K:) |
Tarika-e-Maizbhandari :
Maizbhandari Philosphy/Tarika is introduced by Hazrat Gausul Azam Moulana Shah Sufi Syed Ahmad Ullah Maizbhandari (K) and Hazrat Shah Sufi Moulana Syed Golamur Rahman (Baba Bhandari) for the welfare of mankind both in the world here and the world hereafter. It aims at the establishment of a global human society free from exploitation, injustice, communalism, racial discrimination and idolatry. It is based on the concept of unrestricted divine love which implies that all people irrespective of caste, creed, race, sex and religion have open access to repository of divine love and spiritualism.
Maizbhandari Sufism its now globally know spiritual Sufi-guided pathway which teach students/ tarika follower to love the creation of Allah(God). The Universal Saint Gausul Azam Syed Ahmed Ullah Maizbhandari (K:) is the main patron of this Sufism which is directly connected Universal Saint Gausul Azam Syed Abdul Quader Jilany (K:) shown Sufism pathway.The Tarika-e-Maizbhandari also called Khidiri tarika too.Hazrat Gausul Azam Syed Ahmed Ullah Maizbhandari he is thedescendant of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. He is also known as Ghaus-e-Azam, Hazrath Kebla, Gausul Azam Maizbhanderi, Boro Moulana (a title which in the local language means; "the senior scholar"),[2] Khatemul Olad and Shaie-en-Lillah. Gausul Azam Maizbhanderi is his mostly spread name in Tarika-e-Maizbhandari. The Tarika-e-Maizbhandari was named by a village name Maizbhandar which is the spiritual junction of Ruhani Sufism of Islam because the Universal Saint Gausul Azam Hazrat Syed Ahmed Ullah Maizbhandari was born in this village.It is 40 km from the city center of Chittagong. Hazrats' shrine is open for people of all classes, sects and religions.
Gausual Azam Hazrat Syed Ahmed Ullah Maizbhandari (K:)
The creator of Tarika-e-Maizbhandari Gausul Azam Syed Ahmed Ullah Maizbhandari(K:) was born on January 15, 1826 corresponding to Magh 1, 1233 of Bengali calendar Year. The Spiritual Sufi scholar Hazrat Mohiuddin Ibn Arabi (R.A.) was said to have predicted the birth of the Universal Saint Gausul Azam Hazrat Syed Ahamed Ullah Maizbhandari (K:) , 586 years earlier.[citation needed]
Gausul Azam Hazrat Syed Ahmed Ullah Maizbhandari(K:) spent childhood there in his native district Chittagong. After finishing his secondary education level he was admitted to Calcutta Alia Madrasha[3] (Aliah University) of greater India for his higher studies in Islamic religion and philosophy.
Khalifa
In the way of Sufism or Islamic system Khalifa means the authorized person who is assign for a particular work, on the way of Maizbhandari Sufism , Gausul Azam Hazrat Syed Ahmed Ullah Maizbhandari (K:) assigned Khalifa to spreading the Maizbhandari Sufism all over the continent. Khalifa also consider as spiritual master who is assign or appointed for Sufism practicing.There are hundred more khalifa's from different place was appointed for maizbhandari sufism teaching.We can find a list of his Successors was published by one of his descendants, Delwar Hossain Maizbhanderi, in his famous work 'Gausul Azam Maizbhandarir Jiboni O Karamat' (Life sketch of Hazrat Kebla Kaba)in this book.
List of his Successor/ Khalifa
S.No | Name and Location |
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1 | Aminul Haque Wasel Maizbhanderi (Bengali: ছোট মৌলানা/ Choto Moulana) |
2 | Golamur Rahman Al Maizbhanderi (Bengali: বাবা ভাণ্ডারী/Baba Bhanderi) |
3 | Moulana Shaikh Osiur Rahman Al-Faruqi of Charandip, Boalkhali Chittagong |
4 | Moulana Asad Ali of Ahla, Boalkhali, Chittagong |
5 | Moulana Abdul Aziz Saheb of Khitabchar, Boalkhali, Chittagong |
6 | Moulana Aminul Haque Harbangiri of Boalkhali, Chittagong |
7 | Moulana Khalilur Rahman of Rangunia, Chittagong |
8 | Moulana Aman Ullah Ali of Banchkhali, Chittagong |
9 | Moulana Mohsen Ali of Banchkhali, Chittagong |
10 | Moulana Monsef Ali of Banchkhali, Chittagong |
11 | Moulana Akam Uddin of Moheskhali, Chittagong |
12 | Moulana Mia Hosain of Kanuchi, Arakan, Myanmar |
13 | Moulana Abdul Aziz of Khandal, Arakan, Myanmar |
14 | Moulana Mostafizur Rahman of Amilaish, Shatbaria, Chittagong |
15 | Moulana Ahmed Safa of Kanchannagar, Chandanaish, Chittagong |
16 | Moulana Mujibullah Sultanpuri of Rawjan, Chittagong |
17 | Moulovi Abdur Razzak (Hakim Shah) of Shatbaria, Chittagong |
18 | Baharul Ulum Moulana Abdul Gani of Kanchanpur, Fotikchari, Chittagong |
19 | Moulana Abdul Salam Vujpuri of Edilpur, Kanchanpur, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
20 | Moulana Mufti Aminul Haque Forhadabadi of Forhadabad, Hathazari, Chittagong |
21 | Moulana Mohaddes Hajez Qari Tafazzal Hosain Mirjapuri |
22 | Moulana Abdul Aziz Kanchanpuri of Noakhali |
23 | Moulana Ashraf Ali of Dugayah, Chandpur, Comilla |
24 | Moulana Ali Azam Mondol of Khondol, Noakhali |
25 | Moulana Yakub Gazi of Horinkata, Sripur, Noakhali |
26 | Moulana Ahmedullah of Maizvanga, Shandip |
27 | Moulana Keramath Ali Nezampuri of Mirossorai, Chittagong |
28 | Moulana Shirajul Haque of Kawkhali |
29 | Moulana Salequr Rahman of Rangunia, Chittagong (Bengali: দুলহায়ে হযরত/Dulha-e Hajrath)[1] |
30 | Moulana Enayath Ullah of Pathantuli, Chittagong |
31 | Moulana Yakub Nuri of Alipur, Noakhali |
32 | Moulovi Ujeer ali of Noakhali |
33 | Moulana Hasmath Ali of Chipaitali, Guman mardan, Hathazari, Chittagong |
34 | Moulana Yousuf Ali of Hawla, Boalkhali, Chittagong |
35 | Moulana Abdur Rashid of Shatbaria, Chittagongs |
36 | Moulana Kaji Abdul Bari of Satkania, Chittagong |
37 | Moulana Abdul Gafur shah of Sharwatali, Boalkhali, Chittagong |
38 | Kaji Moulana Monwar Ali of Borouthat, Patiya, Chittagong |
39 | Moulana Abdul Hadi Kancanpuri of Fatikchori, Chittagong |
40 | The only son of Gausul Azam Ahmad Ullah Maizbhanderi: Moulana Faizul Haque Maizbhanderi |
41 | Moulana Jafor Ali Shah Shahbaj HijrothKari of Karachi, Pakistan |
42 | Moulana Abdur Rahim of Babunagar, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
43 | Moulana Rijwanuddin Shahnagari |
44 | Moulana Muhabbat Ali of Bibirhat, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
45 | Mia Abdul Jalil (Balu Fakir) of Sadek Nagar, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
46 | Hachi Fakir Qutub Kalandar of Chariyah, Hathazari, Chittagong |
47 | Yousuf Ali Fakir Chaiyah of Chittagong |
48 | Moulana Nazir Ahmad (Nazir Shah Shahar Qutub) of Station Road, Chittagong |
49 | Mamu Fakir ‘Mazzub Maktul’ of Rangunia, Chittagong |
50 | Obaidul Haque Mia ‘Masth Qalandar’ of Chandgaon, Chittagong |
51 | Azgar Shah ‘Mozzub Qalandar’ of Chawkbazar, Chittagong |
52 | Khalil Shah ‘Chaiyah Qalandar’ of Khandakia, Hathazari, Chittagong |
53 | Zafor Ahmed (Mamu Fakir) of Yangun, Chuliagoli, Myanmar |
54 | Bangali Baba of Karachi, Pakistan |
55 | Belayath Ali Shah Abdal Qutub of Chaitannagoli, Chittagong |
56 | Moulana Amiruzzaman Mozzub-e Salek Awlia of Patiya |
57 | Moulovi Abdur Rahman Miah Qalandar Shah of Munshiqdar bari, Forhadabad, Chittagong |
58 | Abdul Wahab Shah of Malibag, Dhaka |
59 | Moulovi Abdul Aziz Qutub Qalandar of Fani |
60 | Pagla Moulovi (Known as Feni Miah) |
61 | Pagla Miah of Rawjan |
62 | Amir Mozaffor Ahmed Shahar Qutub of Coxsbazar |
63 | Mozzub Ali Ullah (Father of Mr. Zaker Hosain the Ex-Governor of East Pakistan) |
64 | Moulovi Munir Ullah of Nasirabad, Chittagong (Previous caretaker of the Shrine of Bayezid Bostami at Chittagong) |
65 | Moulovi Nurussofa of Kazipara, Kanchan Nagar, Patiya |
66 | Moulana Lutfur Rahman of Patiya |
67 | Jahed Miah of Patiya |
68 | Moulovi Abdur Rahman of Sartha, Rawjan, Chittagong |
69 | Moulana Karim Bax (Bazlul Karim Mandakini) |
70 | Moulana Rahat Ullah of Rangunia, Chittagong |
71 | Moulana Fariduzzaman of Shatkania, Chittagong |
72 | Moulana Abdul Hamid of Banchkhali, Chittagong |
73 | Moulana Rahimullah of Rawjan Chittagong |
74 | Moulana Abdul Quddus Hawlapuri of Boalkhali, Chittagong |
75 | Moulana Sultanuddin Bacha Fakir of Rangunia, Chittagong |
76 | Ahmed Bashir (Bacha Shaha Fathepuri) |
77 | Wali Mastan (Known as Wali Shah at Hill tracks) of Rawjan |
78 | Abdul Gafur (Qambli Shah) of Mohanpur, Faridpur |
79 | Matiur Rahman Shah of Farhadabad |
80 | Haji Moulana Abdur Rashid of Shatbaria, Chittagong |
81 | Sufi Nuruzzaman of Boizzarkhil, Boizzakhali, Rawjan, Chittagong |
82 | Moulana Mir Ahmad of Boroma, Patiya |
83 | Moulovi Forrok Ahmed (Ex Sub Registrar)of Nanupur, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
84 | Moulovi Eklasur Rahman of Bahaddarbari, Chittagong |
85 | Moulovi Reazat Ullah (Ex Sub Registrar) of Kumillah |
86 | Abdul Aziz Miah (he was the Nayeb/Chief employee of Nawab Hossainul Haidar of Cumilla) of Kazi Bari, Cumilla |
87 | Ali Miah (Was the Nawab of Ghawar, West Cumilla) of Cumilla |
88 | Ali Bahadur (Nawab of Cumilla Bagicha Bari) of Cumilla |
89 | Doctor Abul Fazal (Kala Miah) of Nanupur, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
90 | Khuilla Miah Fakir of Naupur, Fatikchari Chittagong |
91 | Umed Ali Fakir of Nanupur, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
92 | Sufi Mamtaz Ali of Azimnagar |
93 | Abdur Rahman Sufi of Azimnagar |
94 | Moulovi Doctor Shamsuzzaman of Bakshi Bari, Chittagong |
95 | Moulovi Matiur Rahaman of Moheshkhali, Batakandi, Cumilla |
96 | Hafez Abdur Rahim of Qadir Shardar Bari, Brammon Shakua, Bagra Bazar, Cumilla |
97 | Moulovi Abadullah Shah of Ukhia, Harbang, Cokoria, Coxs Bazar |
98 | Nur Ahmad Khan of Khandakia, Hathajari, Chittagong |
99 | Munshi Ishaq of Farhad Nagar, Noakhali |
100 | Moulovi Abdul Gani Mokhtar of Bainnar Tila, Chittagong |
101 | Kala Miah Chawdhuriy |
102 | Abdul Karim of Mogdair, Rawjan, Chittagong. (went to Myanmar according to Gausul Azam’s commandment and lived there) |
103 | Moulana Ramjan Ali of Kadhurkhil, Boalkhali, Chittagong |
104 | Moulana Anwar Ali of Kadhurkhil, Boalkhali, Chittagong |
105 | Ajizur Rahman of Boijjarkhil, Boizzakhali, Chittagong |
106 | Moulana Hamid Ullah of Baroyghona, Rawjan, Chittagong |
107 | Obaidullah Chaiwdhury of Mirossarai, Chittagong |
108 | Delwar Ali Chawdhury of Mirossarai, Chittagong |
109 | Altaf Ali Miah of Kawkhali, Feni |
110 | Moulana Sufi Chand Miah Mandakini of Hathajari, Chittagong |
111 | Mastar Fazlur Rahman Mandakini of Hathajari, Chittagong |
112 | Anwar Miah of Dawlathpur |
113 | Hajrrath Chunnu Miah Chowdhury |
114 | Tutun Miah Fakir of Dawlatpur |
115 | Fazlur Rahman Chowdhury of Dawlatpur |
116 | Malequzzama Miah of Dawlatpur |
117 | Moulana Amjad Ali of Dawlatpur |
118 | Writer Abdul Wares Shah of Vujpur, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
119 | Doctor Khair Uddin of Nanupur |
120 | Moulana Abdul Latif of Nanupur |
121 | Moulana Abdul Gani of Miazipara, Maizbhander |
122 | Hajrath Munshi Sayed Nesar Ahmed of Nanupur |
123 | Khayez Ahmed Miazi of Maizbhander (Neighbor) |
124 | Haider Ali Gomosta of Nanupur |
125 | Mohammad Oasin of Kulalpara |
126 | Moulana Nazer Ali Shah of Bardhona, Satkania |
127 | Abdul Jabbar Chawdhury of Rangunia |
128 | ul Haque Fakir of Azim Nagar, Chittagong |
129 | Tutun Fakir of Azim Nagar |
130 | Moulovi Ziaul Hossain of Maizbhander |
131 | Gurudas Fakir (Was a follower of Hinduism) |
132 | Dhonon Joy (Was a follower of Buddhism) |
133 | Nur Ali Miah of Forhadabad |
134 | Fayez Ahmed Chawdhury of Dholoi, Hathajari, Chittagong |
135 | Shadhu Mono Mohan Datta of Sajmara, Kumilla |
136 | Moulana Afaz Uddin Ali of Kaloromar Chara, Moheshkhali, Coxs Bazar |
137 | Moulana Abdul Aziz Saheb of Sonapur, Noakhali |
138 | Moulana Abdur Rahaman of Kanchanpur, Chittagong |
139 | Abdul Majid of Azimnagar, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
140 | Moulana Aminul Haque Pani Shah of Dholoi, Hathajari, Chittagong |
141 | Moulana Golamur Rahman of Barishal |
142 | Matiur Rahman Shah of East Forhadabad, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
143 | Moulana Abdul Aziz of Feni |
144 | HMohammad abdur Rahman (Fakir Shah Abdullah Darbesh) of Bancharampur (Boro Bari), Brammonbaria |
145 | Afzal Shah Patwari of Haindgaon, Begumgonj, Noakhali |
146 | Moulana Rajab Ali Shakrapuri of Shakrapur, Comilla |
147 | Mohammad Hossain of Dhaka |
148 | Mohammad Ayoub Ali Sub-Registrar of Hathajari, Chittagong |
149 | Moulovi Abdul Aziz of Eastern Chambol, Banchkhali, Chittagong |
150 | Moulana Abdul Hakim of Courtpara |
151 | Moulana Fozu Miah Chawdhury of Fatikchari, Chittagong |
152 | Kazi Mosaheb Uddin Shahpuri of Shahpur, Comilla |
153 | HMakbul Fakir of Panchlaish, Chittagong |
154 | Hafez Fazlur Rahman of Hafez Nogor, Chandanish, Chittagong |
155 | Afaz Uddin Miaji (Chulla Fakir) of Rawjan, Chittagong |
156 | Amet Ali of Rangunia, Chittagong |
157 | Nobidur Rahman Shah of Nanupur, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
158 | Makbul Pandit of Kutubdia, Chittagong |
159 | Moulana Nuruddin of Kutubdia, Chittagong |
160 | Yakub Shiqdar of Kutubdia, Chittagong |
161 | Dula Fakir of Dulahajara, Coxs Bazar |
162 | Khairuzzaman of Chandanish, Chittagong |
163 | Askar Ali Pandit of Chandanish, Chittagong |
164 | Yasin Munshi of Kali Shimul, Brammanbaria |
165 | Ahsan Ullah of Rashider Ghona, Lohagara, Chittagong |
166 | Moulana Abdul Gani of Fatikchari, Chittagong |
167 | Khalekuzzaman Miah of Dowlathpur |
168 | Kabi Abdul Hakim of Bangladesh |
169 | Moulana Obaidur Rahaman of Nanupur, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
170 | Moulana Amin Uddin Munsef of Nanupur, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
171 | Asmat Ali of Kodala, Rangunia, Chittagong |
172 | Abdul Qader of Nasirabad, Chittagong |
173 | Moulana Odiath Ullah of Jahapur, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
174 | Moulana Ejabath Ullah of Baktapur, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
175 | Moulana Amin Ullah of Sundarpur, Fatikchori, Chittagong |
176 | Moulana Abdul Hakim of Fatikchari, Chittagong |
177 | Moulana Doctor Abdul Majid of Boalkhali, Chittagong |
178 | Moulana Abdul Malek of Boalkhali, Chittagong |
179 | Hedayet Ali of Bangladesh |
180 | Moulana Jamir Uddin of Latif Shikdar, Tripura, India |
181 | Moulana Aminullah (Father of Dr. Aminul Haque) Baktapur, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
182 | Miah Fakir of Azim Nagar, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
183 | Rauf Miah Siddiqi of Akubdondi, pur, Boalkhali, Chittagong |
184 | Mohammad Raham Ali of Bangladesh |
185 | Osiur Rahman (Lal Miah) of Haithkandi, Mirossorai, Chittagong |
186 | Jinnath Ali Shah of Harbang, Chakaria, Chittagong |
187 | Abdul Gani Chawdhury of Damdama, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
188 | Kharu Fakir (Chunnu Miah Fakir) of Sadek Nagar, Fatikchari, Chittagong |
189 | Moulana Kalimullah of Southern Shatta, Rawjan, Chittagong |
190 | Shaikh Abdul Oahab Shah of Goni Tola Dorbar, Mirossoirai, Chittagong |
191 | Mohammad Abdur Rouf Chawdhury of Krisna Jafarabad, Mirossorai, Chittagong |
192 | HUmed Ali Chawdhuri of Mirossorai, Chittagong |
193 | Jobed Ali Chawdhruy of Mirossorai, Chittagong |
194 | Fazal Kabir Shah of Central Kadhurkhil, Boalkhali, Chittagong |
195 | Alim Uddin Shah of Kadhurkhil, Boalkhali, Chittagong |
196 | Ahsan Ullah (Mamu Fokir) of Kadhurkhil, Boalkhali, Chittagong |
197 | Moulana Amanath Ullah of Pathantuli, Nazir Bhander, Chittagong |
198 | Moulana Matiur Rahman Sultanpuri of Shatgachia |
199 | Moulana Jamir Uddin Ahmed (Noor Nagari) of Ciora, Comilla |
200 | Moulana Nuruzzama of Charkhizurpur |
201 | Jamir Uddin of Tishna, Comilla |
202 | Ali Ullah of Rajapur, Kumilla |
203 | Nur Bax of Goalia, Noakhali |
204 | Abdullah of Banchkhali, Chittagong |
See also
- List of Sufi Saints of South Asia
- Abdul-Qadir Gilani
- Universal Sufi Festival
- Rahe Bhander Ennoble Award
References
External links
- Bangladesh – Maijbhandari sect – Sufism – Religious extremism, RRT Research Response- Australia (No reports of harm to followers of the Maijbhandari sect were found in a search of the available information... and has over 10 million active devotees and supporters across the world)
- Rumi and the Sufism Symposium IAS- Novato, CA, USA
- Sufism Symposium Scotland International Sufism Symposium Speaker List
- The Role of Mazbhandari Philosophy / Tariqah in Building Up a World of Peace By: Dr. M. Abdul Mannan Chowdhury, Professor of Economics, Chittagong University
- The Daily independent Universal Sufi Festival of Rahe Bhander
- Comprendre, Publications soeurs: 1987, No. 134 Maizbhandar and its Saints (J. D'Souza)
- Amazon.com Book: Sufism and Saint Veneration in Contemporary Bangladesh: The Maijbhandaris of Chittagong (Routledge Advances in South Asian Studies) Author: Dr. Hans Harder, coordinator of the research projects B1 "Asian Satire" and B13 "Tamil-Speaking Muslims" and head of the Department of Modern South Asian Languages and Literatures at the South Asia Institute in Heidelberg.
- A Sufi movement in Bangladesh: The Maijbhandari tariqa and its followers By: Prof. Peter J. Bertocci, Department of Sociology/ Anthropology, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
Part of a series on Islam Sufism |
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