Isotopes of terbium: Difference between revisions
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* Isotope masses from: |
* Isotope masses from: |
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**{{cite journal |
**{{cite journal|author=G. Audi |author2=A. H. Wapstra |author3=C. Thibault |author4=J. Blachot |author5=O. Bersillon |year=2003 |title=The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |journal=[[Nuclear Physics A]] |volume=729 |issue= |pages=3–128 |doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 |bibcode=2003NuPhA.729....3A |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923135135/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |archivedate=2008-09-23 |df= }} |
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* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from: |
* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from: |
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**{{cite journal |author=J. R. de Laeter |author2=J. K. Böhlke |author3=P. De Bièvre |author4=H. Hidaka |author5=H. S. Peiser |author6=K. J. R. Rosman |author7=P. D. P. Taylor |year=2003 |title=Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) |url=http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/75/6/0683/pdf/ |journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry]] |volume=75 |issue=6 |pages=683–800 |doi=10.1351/pac200375060683}} |
**{{cite journal |author=J. R. de Laeter |author2=J. K. Böhlke |author3=P. De Bièvre |author4=H. Hidaka |author5=H. S. Peiser |author6=K. J. R. Rosman |author7=P. D. P. Taylor |year=2003 |title=Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) |url=http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/75/6/0683/pdf/ |journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry]] |volume=75 |issue=6 |pages=683–800 |doi=10.1351/pac200375060683}} |
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**{{cite journal |author=M. E. Wieser |year=2006 |title=Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report) |url=http://iupac.org/publications/pac/78/11/2051/pdf/ |journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry]] |volume=78 |issue=11 |pages=2051–2066 |doi=10.1351/pac200678112051 |laysummary=http://old.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html}} |
**{{cite journal |author=M. E. Wieser |year=2006 |title=Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report) |url=http://iupac.org/publications/pac/78/11/2051/pdf/ |journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry]] |volume=78 |issue=11 |pages=2051–2066 |doi=10.1351/pac200678112051 |laysummary=http://old.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html}} |
||
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on [[Talk:Isotopes of terbium|this article's talk page]]. |
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on [[Talk:Isotopes of terbium|this article's talk page]]. |
||
**{{cite journal |
**{{cite journal|author=G. Audi |author2=A. H. Wapstra |author3=C. Thibault |author4=J. Blachot |author5=O. Bersillon |year=2003 |title=The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |journal=[[Nuclear Physics A]] |volume=729 |issue= |pages=3–128 |doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 |bibcode=2003NuPhA.729....3A |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923135135/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |archivedate=2008-09-23 |df= }} |
||
**{{cite web |author=[[National Nuclear Data Center]] |year= |title=NuDat 2.1 database |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/ |publisher=[[Brookhaven National Laboratory]] |accessdate=September 2005}} |
**{{cite web |author=[[National Nuclear Data Center]] |year= |title=NuDat 2.1 database |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/ |publisher=[[Brookhaven National Laboratory]] |accessdate=September 2005}} |
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**{{cite book |author=N. E. Holden |year=2004 |editor=D. R. Lide |chapter=Table of the Isotopes |title=[[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]] |page=Section 11 |nopp=yes |edition=85th |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |isbn=978-0-8493-0485-9}} |
**{{cite book |author=N. E. Holden |year=2004 |editor=D. R. Lide |chapter=Table of the Isotopes |title=[[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]] |page=Section 11 |nopp=yes |edition=85th |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |isbn=978-0-8493-0485-9}} |
Revision as of 14:22, 15 April 2017
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Standard atomic weight Ar°(Tb) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Naturally occurring terbium (65Tb) is composed of 1 stable isotope, 159Tb. Thirty-six radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 158Tb with a half-life of 180 years, 157Tb with a half-life of 71 years, and 160Tb with a half-life of 72.3 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 6.907 days, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 24 seconds. This element also has 27 meta states, with the most stable being 156m1Tb (t1/2 24.4 hours), 154m2Tb (t1/2 22.7 hours) and 154m1Tb (t1/2 9.4 hours).
The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 159Tb, is electron capture, and the primary mode behind is beta decay. The primary decay products before 159Tb are element Gd (gadolinium) isotopes, and the primary products behind are element Dy (dysprosium) isotopes.
List of isotopes
nuclide symbol |
Z(p) | N(n) | isotopic mass (u) |
half-life | decay mode(s)[4][n 1] |
daughter isotope(s)[n 2] |
nuclear spin |
representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) |
range of natural variation (mole fraction) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
excitation energy | |||||||||
135Tb | 65 | 70 | 0.94(+33−22) ms | (7/2−) | |||||
136Tb | 65 | 71 | 135.96138(64)# | 0.2# s | |||||
137Tb | 65 | 72 | 136.95598(64)# | 600# ms | 11/2−# | ||||
138Tb | 65 | 73 | 137.95316(43)# | 800# ms [>200 ns] | β+ | 138Gd | |||
p | 137Gd | ||||||||
139Tb | 65 | 74 | 138.94829(32)# | 1.6(2) s | β+ | 139Gd | 11/2−# | ||
140Tb | 65 | 75 | 139.94581(86) | 2.4(2) s | β+ (99.74%) | 140Gd | 5 | ||
β+, p (.26%) | 139Eu | ||||||||
141Tb | 65 | 76 | 140.94145(11) | 3.5(2) s | β+ | 141Gd | (5/2−) | ||
141mTb | 0(200)# keV | 7.9(6) s | β+ | 141Gd | 11/2−# | ||||
142Tb | 65 | 77 | 141.93874(32)# | 597(17) ms | β+ | 142Gd | 1+ | ||
β+, p | 141Eu | ||||||||
142m1Tb | 280.2(10) keV | 303(17) ms | IT (99.5%) | 142Tb | (5−) | ||||
β+ (.5%) | 142Gd | ||||||||
142m2Tb | 621.4(11) keV | 15(4) µs | |||||||
143Tb | 65 | 78 | 142.93512(6) | 12(1) s | β+ | 143Gd | (11/2−) | ||
143mTb | 0(100)# keV | <21 s | β+ | 143Gd | 5/2+# | ||||
144Tb | 65 | 79 | 143.93305(3) | ~1 s | β+ | 144Gd | 1+ | ||
β+, p (rare) | 143Eu | ||||||||
144m1Tb | 396.9(5) keV | 4.25(15) s | IT (66%) | 144Tb | (6−) | ||||
β+ (34%) | 144Gd | ||||||||
β+, p (<1%) | 143Eu | ||||||||
144m2Tb | 476.2(5) keV | 2.8(3) µs | (8−) | ||||||
144m3Tb | 517.1(5) keV | 670(60) ns | (9+) | ||||||
144m4Tb | 544.5(6) keV | <300 ns | (10+) | ||||||
145Tb | 65 | 80 | 144.92927(6) | 20# min | β+ | 145Gd | (3/2+) | ||
145mTb | 0(100)# keV | 30.9(7) s | β+ | 145Gd | (11/2−) | ||||
146Tb | 65 | 81 | 145.92725(5) | 8(4) s | β+ | 146Gd | 1+ | ||
146m1Tb | 150(100)# keV | 24.1(5) s | β+ | 146Gd | 5− | ||||
146m2Tb | 930(100)# keV | 1.18(2) ms | (10+) | ||||||
147Tb | 65 | 82 | 146.924045(13) | 1.64(3) h | β+ | 147Gd | 1/2+# | ||
147mTb | 50.6(9) keV | 1.87(5) min | β+ | 147Gd | (11/2)− | ||||
148Tb | 65 | 83 | 147.924272(15) | 60(1) min | β+ | 148Gd | 2− | ||
148m1Tb | 90.1(3) keV | 2.20(5) min | β+ | 148Gd | (9)+ | ||||
148m2Tb | 8618.6(10) keV | 1.310(7) µs | (27+) | ||||||
149Tb | 65 | 84 | 148.923246(5) | 4.118(25) h | β+ (83.3%) | 149Gd | 1/2+ | ||
α (16.7%) | 145Eu | ||||||||
149mTb | 35.78(13) keV | 4.16(4) min | β+ (99.97%) | 149Gd | 11/2− | ||||
α (.022%) | 145Eu | ||||||||
150Tb | 65 | 85 | 149.923660(8) | 3.48(16) h | β+ (99.95%) | 150Gd | (2−) | ||
α (.05%) | 146Eu | ||||||||
150mTb | 457(29) keV | 5.8(2) min | β+ | 150Gd | 9+ | ||||
IT (rare) | 150Tb | ||||||||
151Tb | 65 | 86 | 150.923103(5) | 17.609(1) h | β+ (99.99%) | 151Gd | 1/2(+) | ||
α (.0095%) | 147Eu | ||||||||
151mTb | 99.54(6) keV | 25(3) s | IT (93.8%) | 151Tb | (11/2−) | ||||
β+ (6.2%) | 151Gd | ||||||||
152Tb | 65 | 87 | 151.92407(4) | 17.5(1) h | β+ | 152Gd | 2− | ||
α (7×10−7%) | 148Eu | ||||||||
152m1Tb | 342.15(16) keV | 0.96 µs | 5− | ||||||
152m2Tb | 501.74(19) keV | 4.2(1) min | IT (78.8%) | 152Tb | 8+ | ||||
β+ (21.2%) | 152Gd | ||||||||
153Tb | 65 | 88 | 152.923435(5) | 2.34(1) d | β+ | 153Gd | 5/2+ | ||
153mTb | 163.175(5) keV | 186(4) µs | 11/2− | ||||||
154Tb | 65 | 89 | 153.92468(5) | 21.5(4) h | β+ (99.9%) | 154Gd | 0(+#) | ||
β− (.1%) | 154Dy | ||||||||
154m1Tb | 12(7) keV | 9.4(4) h | β+ (78.2%) | 154Gd | 3− | ||||
IT (21.8%) | 154Tb | ||||||||
β− (.1%) | 154Dy | ||||||||
154m2Tb | 200(150)# keV | 22.7(5) h | 7− | ||||||
154m3Tb | 0+Z keV | 513(42) ns | |||||||
155Tb | 65 | 90 | 154.923505(13) | 5.32(6) d | EC | 155Gd | 3/2+ | ||
156Tb | 65 | 91 | 155.924747(5) | 5.35(10) d | β+ | 156Gd | 3− | ||
β− (rare) | 156Dy | ||||||||
156m1Tb | 54(3) keV | 24.4(10) h | IT | 156Tb | (7−) | ||||
156m2Tb | 88.4(2) keV | 5.3(2) h | (0+) | ||||||
157Tb | 65 | 92 | 156.9240246(27) | 71(7) y | EC | 157Gd | 3/2+ | ||
158Tb | 65 | 93 | 157.9254131(28) | 180(11) y | β+ (83.4%) | 158Gd | 3− | ||
β− (16.6%) | 158Dy | ||||||||
158m1Tb | 110.3(12) keV | 10.70(17) s | IT (99.39%) | 158Tb | 0− | ||||
β− (.6%) | 158Dy | ||||||||
β+ (.01%) | 158Gd | ||||||||
158m2Tb | 388.37(15) keV | 0.40(4) ms | 7− | ||||||
159Tb[n 3] | 65 | 94 | 158.9253468(27) | Stable[n 4] | 3/2+ | 1.0000 | |||
160Tb | 65 | 95 | 159.9271676(27) | 72.3(2) d | β− | 160Dy | 3− | ||
161Tb[n 3] | 65 | 96 | 160.9275699(28) | 6.906(19) d | β− | 161Dy | 3/2+ | ||
162Tb | 65 | 97 | 161.92949(4) | 7.60(15) min | β− | 162Dy | 1− | ||
163Tb | 65 | 98 | 162.930648(5) | 19.5(3) min | β− | 163Dy | 3/2+ | ||
164Tb | 65 | 99 | 163.93335(11) | 3.0(1) min | β− | 164Dy | (5+) | ||
165Tb | 65 | 100 | 164.93488(21)# | 2.11(10) min | β− | 165mDy | 3/2+# | ||
166Tb | 65 | 101 | 165.93799(11) | 25.6(22) s | β− | 166Dy | |||
167Tb | 65 | 102 | 166.94005(43)# | 19.4(27) s | β− | 167Dy | 3/2+# | ||
168Tb | 65 | 103 | 167.94364(54)# | 8.2(13) s | β− | 168Dy | 4−# | ||
169Tb | 65 | 104 | 168.94622(64)# | 2# s | β− | 169Dy | 3/2+# | ||
170Tb | 65 | 105 | 169.95025(75)# | 3# s | β− | 170Dy | |||
171Tb | 65 | 106 | 170.95330(86)# | 500# ms | β− | 171Dy | 3/2+# |
- ^ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition - ^ Bold for stable isotopes
- ^ a b Fission product
- ^ Theoretically capable of spontaneous fission
Notes
- Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
- Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.
References
- ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Terbium". CIAAW. 2021.
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
- ^ "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|registration=
ignored (|url-access=
suggested) (help)
- Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter; J. K. Böhlke; P. De Bièvre; H. Hidaka; H. S. Peiser; K. J. R. Rosman; P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|laysummary=
ignored (help)
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|nopp=
ignored (|no-pp=
suggested) (help)
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.