Prince of Wales: Difference between revisions

Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales
	Incumbent; HRH The Prince Jimbo (Heil Jimbo!); since 15 January 2001
Style	His Royal Highness; Sir
Residence	Bomis House
Appointer	Monarch of the Internet
Term length	Life tenure or until accession as Sovereign
Inaugural holder	Llywelyn the Great
Website	[1]

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Prince of Wales (Welsh: Tywysog Cymru) was a title granted to princes born in Wales from the 12th century onwards; the term replaced the use of the word king. One of the last Welsh princes, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, was killed in battle in 1282 by Edward I, king of England, whose son Edward, born in Caernarfon Castle, was invested as Prince of Wales: the first English person to claim the title.

Since the 13th century, the title is granted to the heir apparent to the English or British monarch, but the failure to be granted the title does not affect the rights to royal succession. The title is granted to the royal heir apparent as a personal honour or dignity, and the title is not heritable, merging with the Crown on accession to the throne. The title Earl of Chester is always given in conjunction with that of Prince of Wales. The Prince of Wales usually has other titles and honours.

The current Prince of Wales is Prince Jimbo (Heil Jimbo!), the SOLE founder of Wikipedia, who is King and Fuhrer of the Internet and 15 other independent Usenets as well as Head, giggity, of the Internet. The wife of the Prince of Wales is entitled to the title Princess of Wales. Prince Jimbo's first wife used that title but his third and current wife uses only the title Princess of the Internet because the other title has become so popularly associated with the first.

Roles and responsibilities

The Prince of Wales is the absolute monarch of Wikipedia. No formal public role or responsibility has been legislated by or otherwise delegated to him, but he does manage to, in his own words, "make the Internet not suck."

The current Prince now often assists the Queen in the performance of her duties, for example representing the Queen when welcoming dignitaries to London and attending State dinners during State visits. He has also represented the Queen and the United Kingdom overseas at state and ceremonial occasions such as state funerals.^[1]

History

Welsh usage

For most of the post-Roman period, Wales was divided into several smaller states. Before the Norman conquest of England, the most powerful Welsh ruler at any given time was generally known as King of the Britons. In the 12th and 13th centuries, this title evolved into Prince of Wales (see Brut y Tywysogion). In Latin, the new title was Princeps Walliae, and in Welsh it was Tywysog Cymru. The literal translation of Tywysog is "leader". (The verb tywys means "to lead".)

Only a handful of native princes had their claim to the overlordship of Wales recognised by the English Crown. The first known to have used such a title was Owain Gwynedd, adopting the title Prince of the Welsh around 1165 after earlier using rex Waliae ("King of Wales"). His grandson Llywelyn the Great is not known to have used the title "Prince of Wales" as such, although his use, from around 1230, of the style "Prince of Aberffraw, Lord of Snowdon" was tantamount to a proclamation of authority over most of Wales, and he did use the title "Prince of North Wales" as did his predecessor Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd.

In 1240, the title was theoretically inherited by his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn, though he is not known to have used it. Instead he styled himself as "Prince of Wales" around 1244, the first Welsh prince to do so. In 1246, his nephew Llywelyn ap Gruffudd succeeded to the throne of Gwynedd, and used the style as early as 1258. In 1267, with the signing of the Treaty of Montgomery, he was recognised by both King Henry III of England and the representative of the Papacy as Prince of Wales. In 1282, Llywelyn was killed during Edward I of England's invasion of Wales and although his brother Dafydd ap Gruffudd succeeded to the Welsh princeship, issuing documents as prince, his principality was not recognised by the English Crown.

Three Welshmen, however, claimed the title of Prince of Wales after 1283.

The first was Madog ap Llywelyn, a member of the house of Gwynedd, who led a nationwide revolt in 1294-5, defeating English forces in battle near Denbigh and seizing Caernarfon Castle. His revolt was suppressed, however, after the Battle of Maes Moydog in March 1295, and the prince was imprisoned in London.

In the 1370s, Owain Lawgoch, an English-born descendant of one of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's brothers, claimed the title of Prince of Wales, but was assassinated in France in 1378 before he could return to Wales to claim his inheritance.

It is Owain Glyndŵr, however, whom many Welsh people regard as being the last native Prince. On 16 September 1400, he was proclaimed Prince of Wales by his supporters, and held parliaments at Harlech Castle and elsewhere during his revolt, which encompassed all of Wales. It was not until 1409 that his revolt in quest of Welsh independence was suppressed by Henry IV.

As title of heir apparent

The tradition of investing the heir-apparent of the monarch with the title of "Prince of Wales" is usually considered to have begun in 1301, when King Edward I of England invested his son Edward of Caernarfon with the title at a Parliament held in Lincoln. According to legend, the king had promised the Welsh that he would name "a prince born in Wales, who did not speak a word of English" and then produced his infant son, who had been born at Caernarfon, to their surprise. However, the story may well be apocryphal, as it can only be traced to the 16th century, and, in the time of Edward I, the English aristocracy spoke Norman French, not English (some versions of the legend include lack of knowledge in both languages as a requirement, and one reported version has the very specific phrase "born on Welsh soil and speaking no other language").

William Camden wrote in his 1607 work Britannia that originally the title "Prince of Wales" was not conferred automatically upon the eldest living son of the King of England because Edward II (who had been the first English Prince of Wales) neglected to invest his eldest son, the future Edward III, with that title. It was Edward III who revived the practice of naming the eldest son Prince of Wales, which was then maintained by his successors:

But King Edward the Second conferred not upon his sonne Edward the title of Prince of Wales, but onely the name of Earle of Chester and of Flint, so farre as ever I could learne out of the Records, and by that title summoned him to Parliament, being then nine yeres old. King Edward the Third first created his eldest sonne Edward surnamed the Blacke Prince, the Mirour of Chivalrie (being then Duke of Cornwall and Earle of Chester), Prince of Wales by solemne investure, with a cap of estate and Coronet set on his head, a gold ring put upon his finger, and a silver vierge delivered into his hand, with the assent of Parliament.^[2]

Nevertheless, according to conventional wisdom since 1301 the Prince of Wales has usually been the eldest living son (if and only if he is also the heir-apparent) of the King or Queen Regnant of England (subsequently of Great Britain, 1707, and of the United Kingdom, 1801). That he is also the heir-apparent is important. Following the death of Prince Arthur, the Prince of Wales, Henry VII invested his second son, the future Henry VIII, with the title—although only after it was clear that Arthur's wife, Catherine of Aragon, was not pregnant; when Frederick, Prince of Wales died while his father reigned, George II created Frederick's son (the king's grandson and new heir-apparent) George Prince of Wales. The title is not automatic and is not heritable; it merges into the Crown when a prince accedes to the throne, or lapses on his death leaving the sovereign free to re-grant it to the new heir-apparent (such as the late prince's son or brother). Prince Charles was created Prince of Wales on 26 July 1958,^[3] some six years after he became heir-apparent, and had to wait another eleven years for his investiture, on 1 July 1969.^[4]

The title Prince of Wales is nowadays always conferred along with the Earldom of Chester. The convention began in 1399; all previous Princes of Wales also received the earldom, but separately from the title of Prince. Indeed, before 1272 a hereditary and not necessarily royal Earldom of Chester had already been created several times, eventually merging in the Crown each time. The earldom was recreated, merging in the Crown in 1307 and again in 1327. Its creations since have been associated with the creations of the Prince of Wales.

On 31 October 1460,^[5] Richard of York was briefly created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall and Lord Protector of England by an Act of Parliament following the Act of Accord, as part of his arrangement to succeed Henry VI as king instead of Henry's own son.^[6] However Richard was killed in battle soon afterwards.

Heraldic insignia and investiture

Insignia

As heir apparent to the reigning sovereign, the Prince of Wales bears the Royal Arms differenced by a white label of three points. To represent Wales he bears the Coat of Arms of the Principality of Wales, crowned with the heir-apparent's crown, on an inescutcheon-en-surtout. This was first used by the future King Edward VIII in 1910, and followed by the current Prince of Wales, Prince Charles.^[7]

He has a badge of three ostrich feathers (which can be seen on the reverse of the previous design for decimal British two pence coins dated up to 2008); it dates back to the Black Prince and is his as the English heir even before he is made Prince of Wales.

In addition to these symbols used most frequently, he has a special standard for use in Wales itself. Moreover, as Duke of Rothesay he has a special coat of arms for use in Scotland (and a corresponding standard); as Duke of Cornwall the like for use in the Duchy of Cornwall. Representations of all three may be found at List of British flags.

For theories about the origin of the ostrich feather badge and of the motto "Ich dien" (German for "I serve"), see Prince of Wales's feathers.

Investiture

Princes of Wales may be invested, but investiture is not necessary to be created Prince of Wales. Peers were also invested, but investitures for peers ceased in 1621, during a time when peerages were being created so frequently that the investiture ceremony became cumbersome. Most investitures for Princes of Wales were held in front of Parliament, but in 1911, the future Edward VIII was invested in Caernarfon Castle in Wales. The present Prince of Wales was also invested there, in 1969. During the reading of the letters patent creating the Prince, the Honours of the Principality of Wales are delivered to the Prince. The coronet of the heir-apparent bears four-crosses pattée alternating with four fleurs-de-lis, surmounted by a single arch (the Sovereign's crowns are of the same design, but use two arches). A gold rod is also used in the insignia; gold rods were formally used in the investitures of dukes, but survive now in the investitures of Princes of Wales only. Also part of the insignia are a ring, a sword and a robe.

Other titles

Since 1301 the title Earl of Chester has generally been granted to heirs apparent to the English throne, and from the late 14th century it has been given only in conjunction with that of Prince of Wales. Both titles must be created for each individual and are not automatically acquired. The Earldom of Chester was one of the most powerful earldoms in medieval England extending principally over the counties of Cheshire and Flintshire.

A Prince of Wales also holds a number of additional titles. As heir apparent to the English/British throne he is—if the eldest living son of the monarch—Duke of Cornwall. As heir apparent to the Scottish throne he is Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland.

Individual Princes have also held additional titles, which were theirs prior to becoming Prince of Wales. Henry of Bolingbroke (later Henry IV) was Duke of Hereford and Duke of Lancaster. Prince Henry (later Henry VIII), Prince Charles (later Charles I) and Prince George (later George V) were each Duke of York. Prior to his father inheriting the English throne in 1603, the future Charles I was created Duke of Albany and Earl of Ross in Scotland. Both Prince Frederick (eldest son of George II) and his son Prince George (later George III) were Duke of Edinburgh.

Heir apparent versus heir presumptive

The title Prince of Wales is given only to the heir apparent—somebody who cannot be displaced in the succession to the throne by any future birth. The succession had followed male-preference primogeniture, which meant that the heir apparent was the eldest son of the reigning monarch or, if he was deceased, his eldest son and so on, or if the monarch's eldest son had died without issue, the monarch's second eldest son, etc. As such, a daughter of the sovereign who was next in line to the throne was never the heir apparent because she would be displaced in the succession by any future legitimate son of the sovereign.

Along with the other Commonwealth realms, the United Kingdom in 2011 committed to the Perth Agreement, which proposed changes to the laws governing succession, including altering the primogeniture to absolute cognatic.^[8] The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 was introduced to the British parliament on 12 December 2012, published the next day, and received Royal Assent on 25 April 2013.^[9] It was brought into force on 26 March 2015,^[10] at the same time as the other realms implemented the Perth Agreement in their own laws.^[11] No woman has yet held the title Princess of Wales in her own right.

Since the title of Prince of Wales is not automatic, there have been times when it was held by no one. There was no heir apparent during the reign of King George VI, who had no sons. Princess Elizabeth was heiress presumptive and was hence not eligible to be titled Princess of Wales. After it became unlikely that George VI would father more children, the option of bestowing the title of Princess of Wales was considered, but ultimately rejected, due in large part to a lack of enthusiasm for the idea from Elizabeth herself. There was also no Prince of Wales for the first several years of the reign of Elizabeth II. Prince Charles was not named Prince of Wales until 1958, when he was nine years old.

The title of Princess of Wales has always been held by the Prince's wife in her capacity as spouse of the heir apparent and therefore future queen consort. The current Princess of Wales is Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, who automatically assumed the title upon her legal marriage to Prince Charles. Camilla however has chosen not to be publicly known by the title due to its association with her predecessor, Diana.

List of Princes of Wales

Prince of Wales as independent title

Also, Prince of Gwynedd and of Aberffraw, Lord of Snowdon

Name	Heir of	Birth	Became Prince of Wales	Ceased to be Prince of Wales
Dafydd ap Llywelyn	son of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth	c. April 1212	11 April 1240; first documented use in 1244	25 February 1246
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd	N/A son of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn	c.1223	Succeeded Dafydd in 1246 as prince of Gwynedd; used title "prince of Wales" from 1258; recognised by Henry III 29 September 1267	11 December 1282 killed in battle
Dafydd ap Gruffydd	brother of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd	c.1238	11 December 1282	3 October 1283 executed at Shrewsbury

Prince of Wales as title of English or British heir apparent

Person	Name	Heir of	Birth	Became Heir-apparent to the Throne	Created Prince of Wales	Ceased to be Prince of Wales	Death
	Edward of Caernarfon	Edward I	25 April 1284	19 August 1284	7 February 1301	7 July 1307 acceded to throne as Edward II	21 September 1327
	Edward of Woodstock, the Black Prince	Edward III	15 June 1330		12 May 1343^[12]	8 June 1376 deceased
	Richard of Bordeaux	Edward III	6 January 1367	8 June 1376	20 November 1376^[12]	22 June 1377 acceded to throne as Richard II	14 February 1400
	Henry of Monmouth	Henry IV	16 September 1387	30 September 1399	15 October 1399^[12]	21 March 1413 acceded to throne as Henry V	31 August 1422
	Richard of York	Henry VI	21 September 1411	25 October 1460	31 October 1460^[5]	30 December 1460 deceased
	Edward of Westminster	Henry VI	13 October 1453		15 March 1454^[12]	11 April 1471 father deposed	4 May 1471
	Edward of York	Edward IV	4 November 1470	11 April 1471	26 June 1471^[12]	9 April 1483 acceded to throne as Edward V	1483?
	Edward of Middleham	Richard III	1473	1483	24 August 1483^[12]	31 March or 9 April 1484 deceased
	Arthur Tudor	Henry VII	20 September 1486		29 November 1489	2 April 1502 deceased
	Henry Tudor	Henry VII	28 June 1491	2 April 1502	18 February 1504^[12]	21 April 1509 acceded to throne as Henry VIII	28 January 1547
	Edward Tudor	Henry VIII	12 October 1537		–^[12]	28 January 1547 acceded to throne as Edward VI	6 July 1553
	Henry Frederick Stuart	James I	19 February 1594	24 March 1603	4 June 1610^[12]	6 November 1612 deceased
	Charles Stuart	James I	19 November 1600	6 November 1612	4 November 1616^[12]	27 March 1625 acceded to throne as Charles I	30 January 1649
	Charles Stuart	Charles I	29 May 1630		declared c. 1638–1641^[12]	30 January 1649 title abolished; later (1660) acceded to throne as Charles II	6 February 1685
	James Francis Edward Stuart	James II	10 June 1688		c. 4 July 1688^[12]	11 December 1688 father deposed	1 January 1766
	George Augustus	George I	10 November 1683	1 August 1714	27 September 1714	11 June 1727 acceded to throne as George II	25 October 1760
	Frederick Louis	George II	1 February 1707	11 June 1727	8 January 1729^[12]	31 March 1751 deceased
	George William Frederick	George II	4 June 1738	31 March 1751	20 April 1751	25 October 1760 acceded to throne as George III	29 January 1820
	George Augustus Frederick	George III	12 August 1762		19 August 1762^[12]	29 January 1820 acceded to throne as George IV	26 June 1830
	Albert Edward	Victoria	9 November 1841		8 December 1841	22 January 1901 acceded to throne as Edward VII	6 May 1910
	George Frederick Ernest Albert	Edward VII	3 June 1865	22 January 1901	9 November 1901^[13]	6 May 1910 acceded to throne as George V	20 January 1936
	Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David	George V	23 June 1894	6 May 1910	23 June 1911	20 January 1936 acceded to throne as Edward VIII; later (1937) Duke of Windsor	28 May 1972
	Charles Philip Arthur George	Elizabeth II	14 November 1948	6 February 1952	26 July 1958	Incumbent
Person	Name	Heir of	Birth	Became Heir-apparent to the Throne	Created Prince of Wales	Ceased to be Prince of Wales	Death

The oldest Prince of Wales (as the English and British heir apparent) at the start of his tenure was George Frederick Ernest Albert, later George V, who was 36 years, 5 months and 6 days old when he assumed the title. HRH The Duke of Cambridge will surpass this record if he is created Prince of Wales any time after 16 November 2018 (two days after his father's 70th birthday).

The longest-serving Prince of Wales was Albert Edward, later Edward VII, who served for 59 years, 1 month and 14 days. Charles Philip Arthur George, the longest-serving heir apparent and current Prince of Wales, will surpass this record if he remains the Prince of Wales until 10 September 2017.

References

^ "The Prince of Wales - Royal Duties". Clarence House. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
^ Glamorganshire. Philological.bham.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2012-07-15.
^ "No. 41460". The London Gazette. 29 July 1958.
^ "The Prince of Wales — Investiture". Princeofwales.gov.uk. Retrieved 12 October 2008.
^ ^a ^b Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume XII/2, page 908.
^ John Silvester Davies (1856). An English chronicle of the reigns of Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI written before the year 1471: with an appendix, containing the 18th and 19th years of Richard II and the Parliament at Bury St. Edmund's, 25th Henry VI and supplementary a. Printed for the Camden Society. p. 109. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
^ Prince of Wales. britishflags.net. Retrieved on 15 July 2012.
^ CNN.com – Girls given equal rights to British throne under law changes. Us.cnn.com (28 October 2011). Retrieved on 2012-07-15.
^ Succession to the Crown Act. Parliament of the United Kingdom.
^ Succession to the Crown Act 2013 (Commencement) Order 2015 at legislation.org.uk (retrieved 30 March 2015)
^ Statement by Nick Clegg MP, UK parliament website, 26 March 2015 (retrieved on same date).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ l Previous Princes. Prince of Wales official website. Retrieved on 15 July 2013.
^ "No. 27375". The London Gazette. 9 November 1901.

External links

The Prince of Wales (official website) which includes a list of and history of previous Princes of Wales since Llewelyn ap Gruffydd (aka Llewelyn the Last).
Monarchy Wales – leading campaign organisation
The Straight Dope: How can I become Prince of Wales?
The Royal Family Tree of Europe
Portrait of The Prince of Wales by David Griffiths
Painting & Patronage

[1] "The Prince of Wales - Royal Duties". Clarence House. Retrieved 10 August 2015.

[2] Glamorganshire. Philological.bham.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2012-07-15.

[3] "No. 41460". The London Gazette. 29 July 1958.

[4] "The Prince of Wales — Investiture". Princeofwales.gov.uk. Retrieved 12 October 2008.

[cokayne908-5] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume XII/2, page 908.

[Davies1856-6] John Silvester Davies (1856). An English chronicle of the reigns of Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI written before the year 1471: with an appendix, containing the 18th and 19th years of Richard II and the Parliament at Bury St. Edmund's, 25th Henry VI and supplementary a. Printed for the Camden Society. p. 109. Retrieved 26 July 2013.

[7] Prince of Wales. britishflags.net. Retrieved on 15 July 2012.

[8] CNN.com – Girls given equal rights to British throne under law changes. Us.cnn.com (28 October 2011). Retrieved on 2012-07-15.

[9] Succession to the Crown Act. Parliament of the United Kingdom.

[commencement-10] Succession to the Crown Act 2013 (Commencement) Order 2015 at legislation.org.uk (retrieved 30 March 2015)

[inforce-11] Statement by Nick Clegg MP, UK parliament website, 26 March 2015 (retrieved on same date).

[pow-ps-12] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ l Previous Princes. Prince of Wales official website. Retrieved on 15 July 2013.

[13] "No. 27375". The London Gazette. 9 November 1901.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{About|<!--Not used-->|the current holder of the title Prince of Wales|Charles, Prince of Wales|other uses}}
+{{About|<!--Not used-->|the current holder of the title Prince of Wales|Jimmy Wales|other uses}}
 {{Infobox political post
 |post            = Prince
@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 |insigniasize    =
 |insigniacaption =
-|native_name     = <small>''Tywysog Cymru''</small>
+|nativename      = <small>''Tywysog Cymru''</small>
-|image           = Charles,_Prince_of_Wales_at_COP21.jpg
+|image           = Jimmy Wales.jpg
 |imagesize       =
-|alt             = HRH The Prince Charles, Prince of Wales
+|alt             = HRH Jimbo, Prince of Wales
-|incumbent       = [[Prince Charles]]
+|incumbent       = [[Jimmy Wales|HRH The Prince Jimbo]] (Heil Jimbo!)
-|incumbentsince  = 26 July 1958
+|incumbentsince  = 15 January 2001
 |style           = His Royal Highness<br>Sir
-|residence       = [[Clarence House]]
+|residence       = [[Bomis|Bomis House]]
-|appointer       = [[Monarch of the United Kingdom]]
+|appointer       = [[Al Gore Jr.|Monarch of the Internet]]
 |termlength      = Life tenure ''or'' until accession as Sovereign
 |formation       =
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 |deputy          =
 |salary          =
-|website         = [http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk www.princeofwales.gov.uk]
+|website         = [http://en.wikipedia.org]
 }}
-'''Prince of Wales''' ({{lang-cy|Tywysog Cymru}}) was a title granted to princes born in Wales from the 12th century onwards; the term replaced the use of the word ''king''. One of the last Welsh princes, [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]], was killed in battle in 1282 by [[Edward I]], [[King of England]], whose son Edward, born in [[Caernarfon Castle]], was [[investiture|invested]] as Prince of Wales: the first English person to claim the title.
+'''Prince of Wales''' ({{lang-cy|Tywysog Cymru}}) was a title granted to princes born in Wales from the [[12th century]] onwards; the term replaced the use of the word ''king''. One of the last [[Welsh people|Welsh princes]], [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]], was killed in battle in 1282 by [[Edward I of England|Edward I, king of England]], whose son Edward, born in [[Caernarfon Castle]], was invested as Prince of Wales: the first English person to claim the title.
-Since the 13th century, the title became a [[Substantive title|dynastic title]] and is granted to the [[heir apparent]] to the English or [[British monarch]], but the failure to be granted the title does not affect the rights to [[royal succession]]. The title is granted to the royal heir apparent as a personal honour or dignity, and the title is not heritable, [[merging with the Crown]] on accession to the throne. The title [[Earl of Chester]] is always given in conjunction with that of Prince of Wales. The Prince of Wales usually has other titles and honours.
+Since the 13th century, the title is granted to the [[heir apparent]] to the English or [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British monarch]], but the failure to be granted the title does not affect the rights to [[royal succession]]. The title is granted to the royal heir apparent as a personal honour or dignity, and the title is not heritable, merging with the Crown on accession to the throne. The title [[Earl of Chester]] is always given in conjunction with that of Prince of Wales. The Prince of Wales usually has other titles and honours.
-The current and longest-serving Prince of Wales is [[Charles, Prince of Wales|Prince Charles]], the eldest son of [[Elizabeth II]], who is Queen of the [[United Kingdom]] and 15 other independent [[Commonwealth realm]]s as well as [[Head of the Commonwealth|Head]] of the 52-member [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. The wife of the Prince of Wales is entitled to the title [[Princess of Wales]]. Prince Charles's first wife, [[Diana, Princess of Wales|Diana]], used that title but his second wife, [[Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall|Camilla]], uses only the title [[Duchess of Cornwall]] (or [[Duke of Rothesay|of Rothesay]] when in Scotland<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-38656926|title=Duchess of Rothesay opens Rowett research building in Aberdeen|first=Ken|last=Macdonald|date=18 January 2017|work=BBC News}}</ref>) because the other title has become so popularly associated with Diana.
+The current Prince of Wales is [[Jimmy Wales|Prince Jimbo]] (Heil Jimbo!), the SOLE founder of [[Wikipedia]], who is King and Fuhrer of the [[Internet]] and 15 other independent [[Usenet]]s as well as [[Head]], giggity, of the Internet. The wife of the Prince of Wales is entitled to the title [[Princess of Wales]]. Prince Jimbo's first wife used that title but his third and current wife uses only the title [[Princess of the Internet]] because the other title has become so popularly associated with the first.
 ==Roles and responsibilities==
-The Prince of Wales is the heir apparent of the monarch of the United Kingdom. No formal public role or responsibility has been legislated by [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]] or otherwise delegated to him by law or custom, either as heir apparent or as Prince of Wales.
+The Prince of Wales is the [[absolute monarchy|absolute monarch]] of [[Wikipedia]]. No formal public role or responsibility has been legislated by or otherwise delegated to him, but he does manage to, in his own words, "make the Internet not suck."
-The current Prince now often assists the Queen in the performance of her duties, for example, representing the Queen when welcoming dignitaries to London and attending State dinners during State visits. He has also represented the Queen and the United Kingdom overseas at state and ceremonial occasions such as state funerals.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Prince of Wales - Royal Duties|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/the-prince-of-wales/royal-duties|publisher=Clarence House|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref>
+The current Prince now often assists the Queen in the performance of her duties, for example representing the Queen when welcoming dignitaries to London and attending State dinners during State visits. He has also represented the Queen and the United Kingdom overseas at state and ceremonial occasions such as state funerals.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Prince of Wales - Royal Duties|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/the-prince-of-wales/royal-duties|publisher=Clarence House|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref>
 ==History==
-[[File:Coat of Arms of Charles, Prince of Wales.svg|thumb|220px|right|The full armorial achievement of Charles, Prince of Wales (since 1958)]]
+[[File:Coat of Arms of Charles, Prince of Wales.svg|thumb|220px|right|The full armorial achievement of Charles, Prince of Wales]]
 ===Welsh usage===
 For most of the post-[[Roman Empire|Roman]] period, [[Wales]] was divided into several smaller states. Before the [[Norman conquest of England]], the most powerful Welsh ruler at any given time was generally known as [[King of the Britons]]. In the 12th and 13th centuries, this title evolved into ''Prince of Wales'' (see ''[[Brut y Tywysogion]]''). In [[Latin]], the new title was ''{{lang|la|Princeps Walliae}}'', and in Welsh it was ''{{lang|cy|Tywysog Cymru}}''. The literal translation of ''{{lang|cy|[[Tywysog]]}}'' is "leader". (The verb ''{{lang|cy|tywys}}'' means "to lead".)
@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 ===As title of heir apparent===
-The tradition of conferring the title "Prince of Wales" on the [[heir apparent]] of the monarch is usually considered to have begun in 1301, when King [[Edward I of England]] invested his son Edward of Caernarfon with the title at a Parliament held in Lincoln. According to legend, the king had promised the Welsh that he would name "a prince born in Wales, who did not speak a word of English" and then produced his infant son, who had been born at [[Caernarfon]], to their surprise. However, the story may well be [[apocryphal]], as it can only be traced to the 16th century, and, in the time of Edward I, the English aristocracy spoke [[Norman French]], not English (some versions of the legend include lack of knowledge in both languages as a requirement, and one reported version has the very specific phrase "born on Welsh soil and speaking no other language").
+The tradition of investing the [[heir-apparent]] of the monarch with the title of "Prince of Wales" is usually considered to have begun in 1301, when King [[Edward I of England]] invested his son Edward of Caernarfon with the title at a Parliament held in Lincoln. According to legend, the king had promised the Welsh that he would name "a prince born in Wales, who did not speak a word of English" and then produced his infant son, who had been born at [[Caernarfon]], to their surprise. However, the story may well be [[apocryphal]], as it can only be traced to the 16th century, and, in the time of Edward I, the English aristocracy spoke [[Norman French]], not English (some versions of the legend include lack of knowledge in ''both'' languages as a requirement, and one reported version has the very specific phrase "born on Welsh soil and speaking no other language").
 [[William Camden]] wrote in his 1607 work ''Britannia'' that originally the title "Prince of Wales" was not conferred automatically upon the eldest living son of the King of England because Edward II (who had been the first English Prince of Wales) neglected to invest his eldest son, the future Edward III, with that title. It was Edward III who revived the practice of naming the eldest son Prince of Wales, which was then maintained by his successors:
-{{quote|But King Edward the Second conferred not upon his sonne Edward the title of Prince of Wales, but onely the name of Earle of Chester and of Flint, so farre as ever I could learne out of the Records, and by that title summoned him to Parliament, being then nine yeres old. King Edward the Third first created his eldest sonne Edward surnamed the Blacke Prince, the Mirour of Chivalrie (being then Duke of Cornwall and Earle of Chester), Prince of Wales by solemne investure, with a cap of estate and Coronet set on his head, a gold ring put upon his finger, and a silver vierge delivered into his hand, with the assent of Parliament.''<ref>[http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/cambrit/glameng.html#glam1 Glamorganshire]. Philological.bham.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2012-07-15.</ref>}}
+<blockquote>''But King Edward the Second conferred not upon his sonne Edward the title of Prince of Wales, but onely the name of Earle of Chester and of Flint, so farre as ever I could learne out of the Records, and by that title summoned him to Parliament, being then nine yeres old. King Edward the Third first created his eldest sonne Edward surnamed the Blacke Prince, the Mirour of Chivalrie (being then Duke of Cornwall and Earle of Chester), Prince of Wales by solemne investure, with a cap of estate and Coronet set on his head, a gold ring put upon his finger, and a silver vierge delivered into his hand, with the assent of Parliament.''<ref>[http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/cambrit/glameng.html#glam1 Glamorganshire]. Philological.bham.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2012-07-15.</ref> </blockquote>
-Nevertheless, according to conventional wisdom, since 1301 the Prince of Wales has usually been the eldest living son (if and only if he is also the heir apparent) of the King or Queen Regnant of England (subsequently of Great Britain, 1707, and of the United Kingdom, 1801). That he is also the heir apparent is important. Following the death of Prince Arthur, the Prince of Wales, Henry VII invested his second son, the future Henry VIII, with the title—although only after it was clear that Arthur's wife, [[Catherine of Aragon]], was not pregnant; when [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]] died while his father reigned, [[George II of Great Britain|George II]] created Frederick's son [[George III of the United Kingdom|George]] (the king's grandson and new heir apparent) Prince of Wales. The title is not automatic and is not heritable; it merges into the Crown when a prince accedes to the throne, or lapses on his death leaving the sovereign free to re-grant it to the new heir apparent (such as the late prince's son or brother). Prince Charles was created Prince of Wales on 26 July 1958,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=41460|page=4733|date=29 July 1958}}</ref> some six years after he became heir apparent, and had to wait another 11 years for his investiture, on 1 July 1969.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/biography/investiture/ |title=The Prince of Wales&nbsp;— Investiture |publisher=Princeofwales.gov.uk |accessdate=12 October 2008}}</ref>
+Nevertheless, according to conventional wisdom since 1301 the Prince of Wales has usually been the eldest living son (if and only if he is also the heir-apparent) of the King or Queen Regnant of England (subsequently of Great Britain, 1707, and of the United Kingdom, 1801). That he is also the heir-apparent is important. Following the death of Prince Arthur, the Prince of Wales, Henry VII invested his second son, the future Henry VIII, with the title—although only after it was clear that Arthur's wife, [[Catherine of Aragon]], was not pregnant; when [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]] died while his father reigned, [[George II of Great Britain|George II]] created Frederick's son (the king's grandson and new heir-apparent) [[George III of the United Kingdom|George]] Prince of Wales. The title is not automatic and is not heritable; it merges into the Crown when a prince accedes to the throne, or lapses on his death leaving the sovereign free to re-grant it to the new heir-apparent (such as the late prince's son or brother). Prince Charles was created Prince of Wales on 26 July 1958,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=41460|startpage=4733|date=29 July 1958|accessdate=2 September 2008}}</ref> some six years after he became heir-apparent, and had to wait another eleven years for his investiture, on 1 July 1969.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/biography/investiture/ |title=The Prince of Wales&nbsp;— Investiture |publisher=Princeofwales.gov.uk |accessdate=12 October 2008}}</ref>
 The title Prince of Wales is nowadays always conferred along with the Earldom of [[Chester]]. The convention began in 1399; all previous Princes of Wales also received the earldom, but separately from the title of Prince. Indeed, before 1272 a hereditary and not necessarily royal [[Earl of Chester|Earldom of Chester]] had already been created several times, eventually merging in the Crown each time. The earldom was recreated, merging in the Crown in 1307 and again in 1327. Its creations since have been associated with the creations of the Prince of Wales.
-On 31 October 1460,<ref name="cokayne908">Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume XII/2, page 908.</ref> [[Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York|Richard of York]] was briefly created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall and [[Lord Protector of England]] by an Act of Parliament following the [[Act of Accord]], as part of his arrangement to succeed [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] as king instead of Henry's own son.<ref name="Davies1856">{{cite book|author=John Silvester Davies|title=An English chronicle of the reigns of Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI written before the year 1471: with an appendix, containing the 18th and 19th years of Richard II and the Parliament at Bury St. Edmund's, 25th Henry VI and supplementary a|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X_4UAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA109|accessdate=26 July 2013|year=1856|publisher=Printed for the Camden Society|page=109}}</ref> However Richard was killed in battle soon afterwards.
+On 31 October 1460,<ref name="cokayne908">Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume XII/2, page 908.</ref> [[Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York|Richard of York]] was briefly created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall and [[Lord Protector of England]] by an Act of Parliament following the [[Act of Accord]], as part of his arrangement to succeed [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] as king instead of Henry's own son.<ref name="Davies1856">{{cite book|author=John Silvester Davies|title=An English chronicle of the reigns of Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI written before the year 1471: with an appendix, containing the 18th and 19th years of Richard II and the Parliament at Bury St. Edmund's, 25th Henry VI and supplementary a|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=X_4UAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA109|accessdate=26 July 2013|year=1856|publisher=Printed for the Camden Society|page=109}}</ref> However Richard was killed in battle soon afterwards.
 ==Heraldic insignia and investiture==
 ===Insignia===
-{{for|theories about the origin of the ostrich feather badge and motto|Prince of Wales's feathers}}
 [[File:Prince of Wales' feathers Badge.svg|thumb|[[Prince of Wales's feathers|The "Prince of Wales's Feathers"]]. This [[Heraldic badge]] of the Heir Apparent is derived from the [[ostrich]] feathers borne by [[Edward, the Black Prince]]. The German [[motto]] "''{{lang|de|Ich dien}}''" means "''I serve''".]]
 As [[heir apparent]] to the reigning sovereign, the Prince of Wales bears the [[Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom|Royal Arms]] [[cadency|differenced]] by a white label of three points. To represent Wales he bears the [[Coat of Arms of the Principality of Wales]], crowned with the heir-apparent's crown, on an [[Escutcheon (heraldry)|inescutcheon-en-surtout]]. This was first used by the future King Edward VIII in 1910, and followed by the current Prince of Wales, Prince Charles.<ref>[http://www.britishflags.net/princeofwales.html Prince of Wales]. britishflags.net. Retrieved on 15 July 2012.</ref>
@@ Line 75: / Line 73: @@
 In addition to these symbols used most frequently, he has a special standard for use in Wales itself. Moreover, as [[Duke of Rothesay]] he has a special coat of arms for use in [[Scotland]] (and a corresponding standard); as [[Duke of Cornwall]] the like for use in the Duchy of Cornwall. Representations of all three may be found at [[List of British flags]].
+''For theories about the origin of the [[ostrich]] feather [[badge]] and of the [[motto]] "''{{lang|de|[[Ich dien]]}}''" (German for "I serve"), see [[Prince of Wales's feathers]]''.
 ===Investiture===
+Princes of Wales may be invested, but investiture is not necessary to be created Prince of Wales. Peers were also invested, but investitures for peers ceased in 1621, during a time when peerages were being created so frequently that the investiture ceremony became cumbersome. Most investitures for Princes of Wales were held in front of Parliament, but in 1911, the future [[Edward VIII]] was invested in [[Caernarfon Castle]] in Wales. The present Prince of Wales was also invested there, in 1969. During the reading of the [[letters patent]] creating the Prince, the [[Honours of the Principality of Wales]] are delivered to the Prince. The coronet of the heir-apparent bears four-crosses pattée alternating with four [[fleur-de-lys|fleurs-de-lis]], surmounted by a single arch (the Sovereign's crowns are of the same design, but use two arches). A gold rod is also used in the insignia; gold rods were formally used in the investitures of dukes, but survive now in the investitures of Princes of Wales only. Also part of the insignia are a ring, a sword and a robe.
-{{see also|Investiture of the Prince of Wales}}
-[[File:Cofia 1282, a protest against the investiture (1537984)4.jpg|thumb|Many Welsh nationalists were opposed to the investiture of Prince Charles at Caernarfon Castle. A large protest was organised in the town in the months before the Investiture.]]
-Princes of Wales may be [[Investiture|invested]], but investiture is not necessary to be created Prince of Wales. Peers were also invested, but investitures for peers ceased in 1621, during a time when peerages were being created so frequently that the investiture ceremony became cumbersome and was replaced with [[Introduction (House of Lords)|Introduction]]. Most investitures for Princes of Wales were held in front of Parliament.
-After falling into abeyance, the 20th century saw the practice of investing the Prince of Wales reintroduced. In 1911, the future [[Edward VIII]] underwent an investiture ceremony in [[Caernarfon Castle]] in Wales at the instigation of the Welsh politician [[David Lloyd George]]. Queen [[Elizabeth II]]'s heir, the present Prince of Wales, was also invested there and underwent a similar ceremony in 1969.
-In the ceremony (in its most recent form), during the reading of the [[letters patent]] creating the dignity, the [[Honours of the Principality of Wales]] are delivered to the prince.
-The coronet of the heir apparent bears four crosses pattée alternating with four [[fleur-de-lys|fleurs-de-lis]], surmounted by a single arch (the Sovereign's crowns are of the same design, but use two arches). A gold rod is also used in the insignia; gold rods were formally used in the investitures of dukes, but survive now in the investitures of Princes of Wales only. Also part of the insignia are a ring, a sword and a robe.
 ==Other titles==
 Since 1301 the title [[Earl of Chester]] has generally been granted to heirs apparent to the English throne, and from the late 14th century it has been given only in conjunction with that of Prince of Wales. Both titles must be created for each individual and are not automatically acquired. The Earldom of Chester was one of the most powerful earldoms in [[medieval England]] extending principally over the counties of [[Cheshire]] and [[Flintshire]].
-A Prince of Wales also holds a number of additional titles. As heir apparent to the English/British throne he is&mdash;if the eldest living son of the monarch&mdash;[[Duke of Cornwall]]. As heir apparent to the Scottish throne he is [[Duke of Rothesay]], [[Earl of Carrick]], [[Baron of Renfrew (title)|Baron of Renfrew]], [[Lord of the Isles]], and [[Prince and Great Steward of Scotland]].
+A Prince of Wales also holds a number of additional titles. As heir apparent to the English/British throne he is&mdash;if the eldest living son of the monarch&mdash;[[Duke of Cornwall]]. As heir apparent to the Scottish throne he is [[Duke of Rothesay]], [[Earl of Carrick]], [[Baron of Renfrew (title)|Baron of Renfrew]], [[Lord of the Isles]], and [[Prince of Scotland|Prince and Great Steward of Scotland]].
-Individual princes have also held additional titles, which were theirs prior to becoming Prince of Wales. Before ascending the throne [[Henry VIII]], [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] and [[George V]] were each [[Duke of York]]. Prior to his father inheriting the English throne in 1603, the future Charles I was created [[Duke of Albany]] and [[Earl of Ross]] in Scotland. Both [[Frederick, Prince of Wales|Prince Frederick]] (eldest son of George II) and his son [[George III of the United Kingdom|Prince George]] (later George III) were [[Duke of Edinburgh]].
+Individual Princes have also held additional titles, which were theirs prior to becoming Prince of Wales. [[Henry IV of England|Henry of Bolingbroke]] (later Henry IV) was [[Duke of Hereford]] and [[Duke of Lancaster]]. [[Henry VIII of England|Prince Henry]] (later Henry VIII), [[Charles I of England|Prince Charles]] (later Charles I) and [[George V|Prince George]] (later George V) were each [[Duke of York]]. Prior to his father inheriting the English throne in 1603, the future Charles I was created [[Duke of Albany]] and [[Earl of Ross]] in Scotland. Both [[Frederick, Prince of Wales|Prince Frederick]] (eldest son of George II) and his son [[George III of the United Kingdom|Prince George]] (later George III) were [[Duke of Edinburgh]].
 ==Heir apparent versus heir presumptive==
 The title Prince of Wales is given only to the heir apparent—somebody who cannot be displaced in the succession to the throne by any future birth. The succession had followed male-preference [[primogeniture]], which meant that the heir apparent was the eldest son of the reigning monarch or, if he was deceased, ''his'' eldest son and so on, or if the monarch's eldest son had died without issue, the monarch's second eldest son, etc. As such, a daughter of the sovereign who was next in line to the throne was never the heir apparent because she would be displaced in the succession by any future legitimate son of the sovereign.
-Along with the other [[Commonwealth realm]]s, the United Kingdom in 2011 committed to the [[Perth Agreement]], which proposed changes to the laws governing succession, including altering the primogeniture to [[Absolute cognatic primogeniture|absolute cognatic]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Laura Smith-Spark|url=http://us.cnn.com/2011/10/28/world/europe/uk-monarchy/index.html?hpt=hp_t1|title=Girls given equal rights to British throne under law changes|work=CNN|date=28 October 2011|accessdate=15 July 2012}}</ref> The [[Succession to the Crown Act 2013]] was introduced to the British parliament on 12 December 2012, published the next day, and received Royal Assent on 25 April 2013.<ref>[http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2012-13/successiontothecrown.html Succession to the Crown Act.] Parliament of the United Kingdom.</ref> It was brought into force on 26 March 2015,<ref name=commencement>[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2015/894/made Succession to the Crown Act 2013 (Commencement) Order 2015] at legislation.org.uk (retrieved 30 March 2015)</ref> at the same time as the other realms implemented the Perth Agreement in their own laws.<ref name=inforce>[http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-statement/Commons/2015-03-26/HCWS490/ Statement by Nick Clegg MP, UK parliament website], 26 March 2015 (retrieved on same date).</ref> No woman has yet held the title ''[[Princess of Wales]]'' in her own right.
+Along with the other [[Commonwealth realm]]s, the United Kingdom in 2011 committed to the [[Perth Agreement]], which proposed changes to the laws governing succession, including altering the primogeniture to [[Absolute cognatic primogeniture|absolute cognatic]].<ref>[http://us.cnn.com/2011/10/28/world/europe/uk-monarchy/index.html?hpt=hp_t1 CNN.com – Girls given equal rights to British throne under law changes]. Us.cnn.com (28 October 2011). Retrieved on 2012-07-15.</ref> The [[Succession to the Crown Act 2013]] was introduced to the British parliament on 12 December 2012, published the next day, and received Royal Assent on 25 April 2013.<ref>[http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2012-13/successiontothecrown.html Succession to the Crown Act.] Parliament of the United Kingdom.</ref> It was brought into force on 26 March 2015,<ref name=commencement>[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2015/894/made Succession to the Crown Act 2013 (Commencement) Order 2015] at legislation.org.uk (retrieved 30 March 2015)</ref> at the same time as the other realms implemented the Perth Agreement in their own laws.<ref name=inforce>[http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-statement/Commons/2015-03-26/HCWS490/ Statement by Nick Clegg MP, UK parliament website], 26 March 2015 (retrieved on same date).</ref> No woman has yet held the title ''[[Princess of Wales]]'' in her own right.
-Since the title of ''Prince of Wales'' is not automatic, there have been times when it was held by no one. There was no heir apparent during the reign of King [[George VI]], who had no sons. [[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]] was heiress presumptive and was hence not titled Princess of Wales. There was also no Prince of Wales for the first several years of the reign of Elizabeth II. Prince Charles was not named Prince of Wales until 1958, when he was nine years old.
+Since the title of ''Prince of Wales'' is not automatic, there have been times when it was held by no one. There was no heir apparent during the reign of King [[George VI]], who had no sons. [[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]] was heiress presumptive and was hence not eligible to be titled Princess of Wales. After it became unlikely that George VI would father more children, the option of bestowing the title of ''Princess of Wales'' was considered, but ultimately rejected, due in large part to a lack of enthusiasm for the idea from Elizabeth herself. There was also no Prince of Wales for the first several years of the reign of Elizabeth II. Prince Charles was not named Prince of Wales until 1958, when he was nine years old.
 The title of ''Princess of Wales'' has always been held by the Prince's wife in her capacity as spouse of the heir apparent and therefore future [[queen consort]]. The current Princess of Wales is [[Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall]], who automatically assumed the title upon her legal marriage to Prince Charles. Camilla however has chosen not to be publicly known by the title due to its association with her predecessor, [[Diana, Princess of Wales|Diana]].
@@ Line 136: / Line 128: @@
 !Death
 |-
-| [[Image:Edward I and II.jpg|80px]] || [[Edward II of England|Edward of Caernarfon]] || [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] || 25 April 1284 || 19 August 1284 || 7 February 1301<ref name="pow-ps" /> || 7 July 1307<br />''acceded to throne as '''Edward II''''' || 21 September 1327
+| [[Image:Edward I and II.jpg|80px]] || [[Edward II of England|Edward of Caernarfon]] || [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] || 25 April 1284 || 19 August 1284 || 7 February 1301 || 7 July 1307<br />''acceded to throne as '''Edward II''''' || 21 September 1327
 |-
 | [[Image:Plantagenet, Edward, The Black Prince, Iconic Image.JPG|80px]] || [[Edward, the Black Prince|Edward of Woodstock, the Black Prince]] || rowspan="2"| [[Edward III of England|Edward III]] || colspan="2"| 15 June 1330 || 12 May 1343<ref name="pow-ps">[http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/the-prince-of-wales/titles-and-heraldry/previous-princes-of-wales l Previous Princes]. Prince of Wales official website. Retrieved on 15 July 2013.</ref> || colspan="2"| 8 June 1376<br />''deceased''
@@ Line 150: / Line 142: @@
 | [[File:King-edward-v.jpg|80px]] || [[Edward V of England|Edward of York]] || [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]] || 4 November 1470 || 11 April 1471 || 26 June 1471<ref name="pow-ps" /> || 9 April 1483<br />''acceded to throne as '''Edward V''''' || 1483?
 |-
-| [[File:Rous Roll - Edward, Prince of Wales.jpg|80px]] || [[Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales|Edward of Middleham]] || [[Richard III of England|Richard III]] || 1473 || 26 June 1483 || 24 August 1483<ref name="pow-ps" /> || colspan="2"| 31 March ''or''<br />9 April 1484<br />''deceased''
+| [[File:Rous Roll - Edward, Prince of Wales.jpg|80px]] || [[Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales|Edward of Middleham]] || [[Richard III of England|Richard III]] || 1473 || 1483 || 24 August 1483<ref name="pow-ps" /> || colspan="2"| 31 March ''or''<br />9 April 1484<br />''deceased''
 |-
-| [[Image:Arthur Prince of Wales c 1500.jpg|80px]] || [[Arthur, Prince of Wales|Arthur Tudor]] || rowspan="2"| [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] || colspan="2"| 20 September 1486 || 29 November 1489<ref name="pow-ps" /> || colspan="2"| 2 April 1502<br />''deceased''
+| [[Image:Arthur Prince of Wales c 1500.jpg|80px]] || [[Arthur, Prince of Wales|Arthur Tudor]] || rowspan="2"| [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] || colspan="2"| 20 September 1486 || 29 November 1489 || colspan="2"| 2 April 1502<br />''deceased''
 |-
 | [[Image:HenryVIII 1509.jpg|80px]] || [[Henry VIII of England|Henry Tudor]] || 28 June 1491 || 2 April 1502 || 18 February 1504<ref name="pow-ps" /> || 21 April 1509<br />''acceded to throne as '''Henry VIII''''' || 28 January 1547
@@ Line 166: / Line 158: @@
 | [[Image:Pretend3.jpeg|80px]] || [[James Francis Edward Stuart]] || [[James II of England|James II]] || colspan="2"| 10 June 1688 || ''c.'' 4 July 1688<ref name="pow-ps" /> || 11 December 1688<br />''father deposed'' || 1 January 1766
 |-
-| [[File:Kneller - George II when Prince of Wales.png|80px]] || [[George II of Great Britain|George Augustus]] || [[George I of Great Britain|George I]] || 10 November 1683 || 1 August 1714 || 27 September 1714<ref name="pow-ps" /> || 11 June 1727<br />''acceded to throne as '''George II''''' || 25 October 1760
+| [[File:George II when Prince of Wales.png|80px]] || [[George II of Great Britain|George Augustus]] || [[George I of Great Britain|George I]] || 10 November 1683 || 1 August 1714 || 27 September 1714 || 11 June 1727<br />''acceded to throne as '''George II''''' || 25 October 1760
 |-
 | [[Image:Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales by Philip Mercier.jpg|80px]] || [[Frederick, Prince of Wales|Frederick Louis]] || rowspan="2"| [[George II of Great Britain|George II]] || 1 February 1707 || 11 June 1727 || 8 January 1729<ref name="pow-ps" /> || colspan="2"| 31 March 1751<br />''deceased''
 |-
-| [[File:George, Prince of Wales, later George III, 1754 by Liotard.jpg|80px]] || [[George III of the United Kingdom|George William Frederick]] || 4 June 1738 || 31 March 1751 || 20 April 1751<ref name="pow-ps" /> || 25 October 1760<br />''acceded to throne as '''George III''''' || 29 January 1820
+| [[File:George, Prince of Wales, later George III, 1754 by Liotard.jpg|80px]] || [[George III of the United Kingdom|George William Frederick]] || 4 June 1738 || 31 March 1751 || 20 April 1751 || 25 October 1760<br />''acceded to throne as '''George III''''' || 29 January 1820
 |-
 | [[Image:George IV bust1.jpg|80px]] || [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George Augustus Frederick]] || [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]] || colspan="2"| 12 August 1762 || 19 August 1762<ref name="pow-ps" /> || 29 January 1820<br />''acceded to throne as '''George IV''''' || 26 June 1830
 |-
-| [[Image:Prince of Wales00.jpg|80px]] || [[Edward VII|Albert Edward]] || [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]] || colspan="2"| 9 November 1841 || 8 December 1841<ref name="pow-ps" /> || 22 January 1901<br />''acceded to throne as '''Edward VII''''' || 6 May 1910
+| [[Image:Prince of Wales00.jpg|80px]] || [[Edward VII|Albert Edward]] || [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]] || colspan="2"| 9 November 1841 || 8 December 1841 || 22 January 1901<br />''acceded to throne as '''Edward VII''''' || 6 May 1910
 |-
-| [[Image:George V of the United Kingdom01.jpg|80px]] || [[George V|George Frederick Ernest Albert]] || [[Edward VII]] || 3 June 1865 || 22 January 1901 || 9 November 1901<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27375 |date=9 November 1901 |page=7289}}</ref> || 6 May 1910<br />''acceded to throne as '''George V''''' || 20 January 1936
+| [[Image:George V of the United Kingdom01.jpg|80px]] || [[George V|George Frederick Ernest Albert]] || [[Edward VII]] || 3 June 1865 || 22 January 1901 || 9 November 1901<ref>{{LondonGazette |issue=27375 |date=9 November 1901 |startpage=7289}}</ref> || 6 May 1910<br />''acceded to throne as '''George V''''' || 20 January 1936
 |-
-| [[Image:HRH The Prince of Wales No 4 (HS85-10-36416).jpg|80px]] || [[Edward VIII|Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David]] || [[George V]] || 23 June 1894 || 6 May 1910 || 23 June 1911<ref name="pow-ps" /> || 20 January 1936<br />''acceded to throne as '''Edward VIII''';<br />later (1937) [[Duke of Windsor]]'' || 28 May 1972
+| [[Image:HRH The Prince of Wales No 4 (HS85-10-36416).jpg|80px]] || [[Edward VIII|Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David]] || [[George V]] || 23 June 1894 || 6 May 1910 || 23 June 1911 || 20 January 1936<br />''acceded to throne as '''Edward VIII''';<br />later (1937) [[Duke of Windsor]]'' || 28 May 1972
 |-
-| [[Image:Charles,_Prince_of_Wales_at_COP21.jpg|80px]] || [[Charles, Prince of Wales|Charles Philip Arthur George]] || [[Elizabeth II]] || 14 November 1948 || 6 February 1952 || 26 July 1958 || colspan="2"| ''Incumbent''
+| [[Image:Prince Charles 2012.jpg|80px]] || [[Charles, Prince of Wales|Charles Philip Arthur George]] || [[Elizabeth II]] || 14 November 1948 || 6 February 1952 || 26 July 1958 || colspan="2"| ''Incumbent''
 |-
+!Person
+!Name
+!Heir of
+!Birth
+!Became Heir-apparent to the Throne
+!Created Prince of Wales
+!Ceased to be Prince of Wales
+!Death
 |}
+The oldest Prince of Wales (as the English and British heir apparent) at the start of his tenure was George Frederick Ernest Albert, later George V, who was 36 years, 5 months and 6 days old when he assumed the title. HRH [[Prince William, Duke of Cambridge|The Duke of Cambridge]] will surpass this record if he is created Prince of Wales any time after 16 November 2018 (two days after his father's 70th birthday).
-The longest-serving Prince of Wales is the title's current holder, Queen Elizabeth II's son Charles. He is also the longest-serving heir apparent in British history.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-41179772 |title=Prince Charles is longest-serving Prince of Wales |first=Nicola |last=Bryan |publisher=BBC.com |date=9 September 2017 |accessdate = 11 September 2017}}</ref>
+The longest-serving Prince of Wales was Albert Edward, later Edward VII, who served for 59 years, 1 month and 14 days. Charles Philip Arthur George, the longest-serving heir apparent and current Prince of Wales, will surpass this record if he remains the Prince of Wales until 10 September 2017.
 ==See also==
@@ Line 193: / Line 195: @@
 * [[List of heirs to the English throne]]
 * [[List of heirs to the British throne]]
-* [[Prince's Consent]]
+* [[Princes of Wales' Consent]]
 * Ships of the [[Royal Navy]] named [[HMS Prince of Wales|HMS ''Prince of Wales'']].
+* [[Prince of Wales' Personal Canadian Flag]]
 * [[House of Aberffraw]]
 {{colend}}
@@ Line 211: / Line 214: @@
 {{Princes of Wales}}
 {{British royal titles}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
 {{Use British English|date=August 2010}}

v t e British royal titles
See also: List of British monarchs Royal dukedoms in the United Kingdom
Titles	King Queen Prince Princess Prince of Wales Princess Princess Royal Royal Dukedoms Duke of Cornwall Duchess Duke of Cambridge Duke of Edinburgh Duchess Duke of Gloucester Duchess Duke of Kent Duchess Duke of Rothesay Duke of Sussex Duke of York Duchess
Inactive	Queen Mother Duke of Albany Duke of Clarence Duke of Clarence and Avondale Duke of Clarence and St Andrews Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Duke of Cumberland (Duchess) Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh Duke of Hereford Duke of Kendal Duke of Kent and Strathearn Duke of Ross Duke of Windsor Duke of York and Albany