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2021 Atlantic hurricane season

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Template:Current long-term

2021 Atlantic hurricane season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedMay 22, 2021
Last system dissipatedSeason ongoing
Strongest storm
NameSam[nb 1]
 • Maximum winds155 mph (250 km/h)
(1-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure929 mbar (hPa; 27.43 inHg)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions21
Total storms21
Hurricanes7
Major hurricanes
(Cat. 3+)		4
Total fatalities159 total
Total damage$69.51 billion (2021 USD)
(Fourth-costliest tropical cyclone season on record)
Related articles
Atlantic hurricane seasons
2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023

The 2021 Atlantic hurricane season is the ongoing Atlantic hurricane season, which is part of the annual tropical cyclone season in the northern hemisphere. As anticipated,[1] the season has had above-average tropical cyclone activity.[nb 2] To date (September 10), the season has produced 21 named storms, making it the third-most active Atlantic hurricane season on record. The storms combined have caused nearly an estimated $70 billion in damages, making 2021 the fourth-costliest Atlantic hurricane season on record. The current season began on June 1, 2021, and will end on November 30, 2021. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most Atlantic tropical cyclones form.[3] However, subtropical or tropical cyclogenesis is possible at any time of the year, as was the case this season, when Tropical Storm Ana formed on May 22, making 2021 the seventh consecutive year that a storm formed before the designated start of the season.[4] The season had the most active June on record, tying 1886, 1909, 1936, and 1968 with three named storms forming in the month.[5] Then, on July 1, Hurricane Elsa formed, surpassing 2020's Tropical Storm Edouard as the earliest-forming fifth named storm on record by five days.[6] Later, with the formation of Subtropical Storm Wanda on October 31, this season became the second in a row, and third overall, in which the designated 21-name list of storm names was exhausted.

Several tropical cyclones have had severe impact on land this year. In August, Tropical Storm Fred caused devastating flooding across parts of the Greater Antilles and Southeastern United States. Hurricane Grace intensified to a Category 3 major hurricane[nb 3] before making landfall in the Mexican state of Veracruz. Hurricane Ida was a deadly and destructive hurricane that made landfall in the U.S. state of Louisiana at Category 4 strength, becoming the most intense and destructive tropical cyclone to affect the state since Hurricane Katrina; it also caused catastrophic flooding across the Northeastern United States. Hurricane Larry peaked as a powerful Category 3 hurricane over the open Atlantic before making landfall in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador as a Category 1 hurricane. Later, Hurricane Nicholas moved erratically both on- and offshore the coasts of Texas and Louisiana.

This season, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began issuing regular Tropical Weather Outlooks on May 15, two weeks earlier than it has done in the past. This change was implemented given that named systems had formed in the Atlantic Ocean prior to the start of the season in each of the preceding six cycles.[8] Prior to the start of the season, NOAA deployed five modified hurricane-class saildrones at key locations around the basin, and in September, one of the vessels was in position to obtain video and data from inside Hurricane Sam. It was the first ever research vessel to venture inside the middle of a major hurricane.[9]

Seasonal forecasts

Predictions of tropical activity in the 2021 season
Source Date Named
storms 		Hurricanes Major
hurricanes 		Ref
Average (1991–2020) 14.4 7.2 3.2 [7]
Record high activity 30 15 7† [10]
Record low activity 4 2† 0† [10]
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
TSR December 9, 2020 16 7 3 [11]
CSU April 8, 2021 17 8 4 [12]
PSU April 8, 2021 9–15 n/a n/a [13]
TSR April 13, 2021 17 8 3 [14]
UA April 13, 2021 18 8 4 [15]
NCSU April 14, 2021 15–18 7–9 2–3 [16]
TWC April 15, 2021 18 8 3 [17]
TWC May 13, 2021 19 8 4 [18]
NOAA May 20, 2021 13–20 6–10 3–5 [19]
UKMO* May 20, 2021 14 7 3 [20]
TSR May 27, 2021 18 9 4 [21]
CSU June 3, 2021 18 8 4 [22]
UA June 16, 2021 19 6 4 [23]
TSR July 6, 2021 20 9 4 [24]
CSU July 8, 2021 20 9 4 [25]
UKMO* August 2, 2021 15 6 3 [26]
NOAA August 4, 2021 15–21 7–10 3–5 [27]
CSU August 5, 2021 18 8 4 [28]
TSR August 5, 2021 18 7 3 [29]
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Actual activity
 21 7 4
* June–November only
† Most recent of several such occurrences. (See all)

In advance of, and during, each hurricane season, several forecasts of hurricane activity are issued by national meteorological services, scientific agencies, and noted hurricane experts. These include forecasters from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Prediction Center, Tropical Storm Risk (TSR), the United Kingdom's Met Office (UKMO), and Philip J. Klotzbach, William M. Gray and their associates at Colorado State University (CSU). The forecasts include weekly and monthly changes in significant factors that help determine the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a particular year. According to NOAA and CSU, the average Atlantic hurricane season between 1991 and 2020 contained roughly 14 tropical storms, seven hurricanes, three major hurricanes, and an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index of 72–111 units.[11] Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h).[7] NOAA typically categorizes a season as above-average, average, or below-average based on the cumulative ACE index, but the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a hurricane season is sometimes also considered.[7]

Pre-season forecasts

On December 9, 2020, TSR issued an extended range forecast for the 2021 hurricane season, predicting slightly above-average activity with 16 named storms, seven hurricanes, three major hurricanes, and an ACE index of about 127 units. TSR cited the expected development of a weak La Niña during the third quarter of 2021 as the main factor behind their forecast.[11] CSU released their first predictions on April 8, 2021, predicting an above-average season with 17 named storms, eight hurricanes, four major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 150 units, citing the unlikelihood of an El Niño and much warmer than average sea surface temperatures in the subtropical Atlantic.[12] TSR updated their forecast on April 13, with 17 named storms, eight hurricanes, and three major hurricanes, with an ACE index of 134 units.[14] On the same day, University of Arizona (UA) issued its seasonal prediction of above-average hurricane activities, with 18 named storms, eight hurricanes, four major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 137 units.[15] North Carolina State University (NCSU) made its prediction for the season on April 14, calling for an above-average season with 15 to 18 named storms, seven to nine hurricanes, and two to three major hurricanes.[16] On May 13, The Weather Company (TWC) updated their forecast for the season, calling for an active season, with 19 named storms, eight hurricanes, and four major hurricanes.[18] On May 20, NOAA's Climate Prediction Center issued their forecasts for the season, predicting a 60% chance of above-average activity and 30% chance for below-average activity, with 13-20 named storms, 6-10 hurricanes and 3-5 major hurricanes.[19] The following day, UKMO issued their own forecast for the 2021 season, predicting an average one with 14 named storms, seven hurricanes, and three major hurricanes, with a 70% chance that each of these statistics will fall between 9 and 19, 4 and 10, and 1 and 5, respectively.[20]

Mid-season forecasts

On June 16, UA updated their forecast for the season, with 19 named storms, six hurricanes, four major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 183 units.[23] On July 6, TSR released their third forecast for the season, slightly increasing their numbers to 20 named storms, 9 hurricanes and 4 major hurricanes. This prediction was largely based on their expectation for a weak La Niña to develop by the third quarter of the year.[24] On July 8, CSU updated their prediction to 20 named storms, 9 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes.[25] On August 5, TSR issued their final forecast for the season, lowering their numbers to 18 named storms, 7 hurricanes and 3 major hurricanes.[29]

Seasonal summary

See also: Timeline of the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane SamHurricane NicholasHurricane LarryHurricane IdaHurricane HenriHurricane GraceTropical Storm Fred (2021)Hurricane ElsaTropical Storm Danny (2021)Tropical Storm Claudette (2021)Saffir-Simpson scale
List of costliest Atlantic hurricane seasons (as of 2023)
Rank Cost Season
1 ≥ $294.803 billion 2017
2 $172.297 billion 2005
3 $120.425 billion 2022
4 ≥ $80.727 billion 2021
5 $72.341 billion 2012
6 $61.148 billion 2004
7 ≥ $51.114 billion 2020
8 ≥ $50.526 billion 2018
9 ≥ $48.855 billion 2008
10 $27.302 billion 1992

Tropical Storm Ana formed ten days before the official start of the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season, making 2021 the seventh consecutive year in which a tropical or subtropical cyclone formed before the season's official start on June 1. Ana formed in a location where no tropical storms within the month of May had been documented since before 1950.[30] In mid-June, a rapidly developing non-tropical low offshore of the North Carolina coast became Tropical Storm Bill. The system lasted for only two days before becoming extratropical. Later that month, Tropical Storm Claudette formed on the coast of Louisiana and Tropical Storm Danny formed off the coast of South Carolina. Hurricane Elsa formed at the beginning of July and became the first hurricane of the season on July 2 before impacting the Caribbean and later the Eastern United States and Atlantic Canada after making landfall in Florida as a tropical storm on July 8. Afterwards, activity came to a halt due to unfavorable conditions across the basin.

Three tropical cyclones simultaneously active in the North Atlantic on August 16: Fred (left), nearing landfall in the Florida Panhandle; Grace (bottom), south of Hispaniola; and the tropical depression which would eventually become Henri (upper right), near Bermuda

On August 11, Fred formed in the eastern Caribbean, bringing impacts to the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and the Southeastern United States. A couple of days later, Grace formed and strengthened to the second hurricane and first major hurricane of the season, and brought impacts to Hispaniola and eastern Mexico. A third tropical system, Henri, developed on August 16, near Bermuda.[31] Henri meandered for several days before becoming the third hurricane of the season on August 21 and impacted New England, causing record flooding in some places. Towards the end of the month, Hurricane Ida formed, causing major damage in Western Cuba before rapidly intensifying into a Category 4 hurricane and striking Southeastern Louisiana at near peak intensity, producing widespread, catastrophic damage. Its remnants then generated a deadly tornado outbreak and widespread flooding across the Northeastern United States. Two other tropical storms, Kate and Julian, also formed briefly during this time, but remained at sea. Larry initially formed on the last day of August and strengthened into a major hurricane early in September. It became the first hurricane to make landfall on Newfoundland since Igor in 2010.[32]

As the mid-point of the hurricane season approached,[nb 4] Tropical Storm Mindy formed on September 8, and made landfall on the Florida Panhandle shortly thereafter.[33] It was followed by Hurricane Nicholas, which formed on September 12,[34] and made landfall along the central Texas coast two days later.[35] They were followed by three tropical storms—Odette, Peter, and Rose—which were steered by prevailing winds away from any interaction with land. The busy pace of storm-formation continued late into September. Sam, a long-lived major hurricane, developed in the central tropical Atlantic, and proceeded to rapidly intensify from a tropical depression to a hurricane within 24 hours on September 23 and 24.[36][37] Meanwhile, Subtropical Storm Teresa, formed north of Bermuda on September 24. Short-lived Tropical Storm Victor formed late in the month at an unusually low latitude of 8.3°N; only two North Atlantic tropical storms on record have formed further to the south: 2018's Kirk at 8.1°N, and an unnamed 1902 hurricane at 7.7°N.[38]

After a nearly four-week break from tropical activity, Subtropical Storm Wanda formed in the central North Atlantic on October 31. This system was the same storm that previously had brought rain and damaging wind gusts to Southern New England as a potant nor'easter.[39]

The ACE index for the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season, as calculated by Colorado State University using data from the National Hurricane Center (NHC), is 139.9 units (as of 09:00 UTC October 31).[40] The totals represent the sum of the squares for every (sub)tropical storm's intensity of over 33 knots (38 mph; 61 km/h), divided by 10,000.

Systems

Tropical Storm Ana

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 22 – May 23
Peak intensity45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min);
1004 mbar (hPa)
See also: List of off-season Atlantic hurricanes

On May 20 at 00:00 UTC, a potent extratropical cyclone formed in the mid Atlantic about 500 nmi (575 mi) east-southeast of Bermuda from a shortwave trough. The system started slowly moving in the Northeast direction during which, the northern half of the system started producing gale-force winds, thus creating an asymmetrical wind field. However, by the next day, the wind field had extended considerably reaching out about 330 nmi (380 mi) to the northeast. The system then accelerated in the west-northwest direction later that day due to being caught in an upper-level low. The system started slowing down on the next day as it moved under the low. This event caused wind shear to decrease and some convection began to develop. As the low began to shed frontal characteristics, it gained more organization and by 06:00 UTC on that day, the system became a subtropical cyclone and was given the name "Ana." Ana made a counter-clockwise loop, mainly in part because the only influence were weak steering currents. The convection in the storm was displaced that day, however, later in the same day, the storm had managed to have a more persistent convection near the center. By midnight on May 23, Ana had developed a more symmetrical wind field and transitioned into a tropical storm. Ana then began accelerating northeastward, due to a southwesterly flow. That, and a flare-up in convection caused Ana to reach peak intensity with winds of 45 mph (70 km/h) and a pressure of 1,004 mbar (29.6 inHg). As Ana moved Northeastward, it was confronted with wind shear and lost some convection. This continued, and by 18:00 UTC on May 23, the system lost all convection and became post-tropical. However, the low still accelerated northeastward until being integrated into a trough at 00:00 UTC May 24. That trough was later absorbed by a frontal system later that day.

The approach of Ana's precursor system warranted the issuance of a Tropical Storm Watch by the Bermuda Weather Service for the island of Bermuda at 15:00 UTC on May 20. However, the watch was discontinued 2 days later at 15:00 UTC on May 22. There were no reports of damage or casualties associated with the storm.[41]

Tropical Storm Bill

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 14 – June 15
Peak intensity65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min);
992 mbar (hPa)

In mid-June, a cold front sagged southward across the Mid-Atlantic United States. Shower and thunderstorm activity coalesced offshore the coastline of South Carolina, leading to the formation of an area of low pressure there. This low, and the associated convection, became better defined while being directed northeast by a shortwave trough, and a tropical depression formed to the east-southeast of North Carolina around 06:00 UTC on June 14. Though sheared, the incipient cyclone strengthened into Tropical Storm Bill twelve hours later. Banding features became better defined, especially across the northern and western quadrants of the storm, and Bill reached peak winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) early on June 15 while paralleling the Northeast United States coastline. Its northeast track soon brought the system over colder waters and into higher wind shear, resulting in Bill's transition to an extratropical cyclone around 00:00 UTC on June 16. The low dissipated into a trough six hours later before progressing across southeastern Newfoundland. There were no reports of any damages or casualties associated with Bill.[42]

Tropical Storm Claudette

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 19 – June 22
Peak intensity45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min);
1004 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Tropical Storm Claudette (2021)

On June 11, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began monitoring a potential tropical low in the Gulf of Mexico.[43] Initially, the system slowly moved to the south and caused heavy rainfall in Southern Mexico and Central America.[44] It then meandered around with a loosely defined circulation in the Bay of Campeche for a few days. The system then started moving north and developed a very broad circulation.[45] On June 17 at 21:00 UTC, the NHC started issuing advisories on the system as Potential Tropical Cyclone Three.[46] Tropical-storm-force winds were indicated by satellite data on June 18 at 18:00 UTC, but the storm still lacked a well-developed low-level circulation.[47] As the system moved inland into southeastern Louisiana on June 19, satellite imagery finally revealed a well enough defined surface circulation and at 09:00 UTC, the NHC upgraded the system to a tropical storm, assigning it the name Claudette.[48] Claudette then weakened into a tropical depression as it moved further inland and produced gusty winds in areas of Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and parts of Florida.[49] On June 21 at 09:00 UTC, Claudette re-strengthened into a tropical storm as its center was located over North Carolina.[50] After moving into the Atlantic Ocean at 15:00 UTC,[51] Claudette moved away from the coast of United States,[52] before degenerating into a trough of low pressure at 03:00 UTC on June 22.[53]

Heavy rainfall and tropical storm-force winds were reported across much of the Southeastern United States.[54] Several tornadoes were spawned by Claudette, including an EF2 tornado that caused major damage and injured 20 people in East Brewton, Alabama.[55][56] The system caused 14 fatalities, all in Alabama.[57]

Tropical Storm Danny

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 27 – June 29
Peak intensity45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min);
1009 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Tropical Storm Danny (2021)

An area of disturbed weather broke off of a dissipating cold front over the Central Atlantic well east of Bermuda on June 22.[58][59] The next day, this area became a surface trough as it drifted southwestward before accelerating westward under the influence of a high pressure system to its north.[60][61] Over the next few days, disorganized convection formed over the trough as it moved quickly west-northwestward and on June 26, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began to monitor the disturbance for development as it passed several hundred miles south of Bermuda.[62][63][64] By June 27, the trough developed a closed low-level circulation as it continued to track west-northwestward, and it is estimated that Tropical Depression Four formed by 18:00 UTC that day, while its Center was located about 460 mi (740 km) east-southeast of Charleston, South Carolina.[65] Appropriately 12 hours later, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Danny about 260 mi (415 km) southeast of Charleston.[65] Danny slightly intensified a couple of hours later after a large hot tower occurred over the center, reaching its peak intensity just off the coast of South Carolina with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 1009 mb (29.80 inHg).[66] At 23:30 UTC on June 28, Danny made landfall just north of Hilton Head on Pritchards Island, South Carolina with sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) and quickly weakened into a tropical depression as it moved further inland, according to surface observations and Doppler radar data.[66] Danny was the first storm to make landfall in the state of South Carolina in the month of June since Hurricane One in 1867.[67] Danny continued to move further inland until on June 29, at 09:00 UTC, Danny finally dissipated over eastern Georgia after satellite imagery revealed that its low level circulation was no longer well defined.[68][69]

Danny produced rainfall totals of up to 3 inches (76.2 mm) in parts of South Carolina in the matter of hours following landfall, causing minor flash floods in populated areas.[70] Lightning resulted in damage to some structures, while some trees were downed in Savannah, Georgia, by windy conditions.[71] Danny produced heavy rainfall across parts of Metro Atlanta as it tracked westward.[72]

Hurricane Elsa

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 1 – July 9
Peak intensity85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min);
991 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Elsa

The NHC began to monitor a tropical wave about 800 miles (1,300 km) from Cape Verde at 12:00 UTC on June 29.[73] The wave quickly organized as it moved eastward,[74] and advisories were issued on Potential Tropical Cyclone Five at 21:00 UTC on June 30, though it was noted that scatterometer data found an elongated and ill-defined circulation.[75] It became a tropical depression by 03:00 UTC on July 1 as its satellite appearance continued to gradually improve, with prominent banding features to the west of its center. An advanced scatterometer pass also revealed the system to have been possessing a better-defined, albeit still slightly elongated low-level circulation to its south and west.[76] By 09:00 UTC that same day, the depression further intensified into a tropical storm, and the NHC assigned it the name Elsa. This also made Elsa the earliest fifth-named storm on record, surpassing the previous record held by Tropical Storm Edouard of the previous year, which formed on July 6.[77] Elsa also became a tropical storm farther east in the Main Development Region (MDR) than any other tropical cyclone so early in the calendar year on record, behind only the 1933 Trinidad hurricane.[78][79] Elsa slowly strengthened overnight as it accelerated westward,[77][80] and at 10:45 UTC on July 2, the NHC upgraded Elsa to a Category 1 hurricane.[81] This made Elsa the eastern-most hurricane recorded in the MDR, south of 23.5°N, this early in the calendar year since 1933.[81][82] Around that time, Elsa was moving at a forward speed of 29 mph (47 km/h), making it the fastest-moving Atlantic tropical cyclone recorded undergoing rapid intensification in the deep tropics or the Gulf of Mexico, and also the first storm to undergo rapid intensification in that part of the Atlantic that early in the calendar year since another storm in 1908.[83][84] At 15:00 UTC on July 3, Elsa weakened back into a tropical storm, due to northeasterly wind shear, which was partially due to the storm's rapid forward motion at almost 30 mph (48 km/h).[85] Afterward, Elsa's forward motion significantly slowed down to 14 mph (22 km/h) by the next day, as the storm's center relocated to the east under the region with the strongest convection, while passing just north of Jamaica.[86][87] At 18:00 UTC on July 5, Elsa made landfall on west-central Cuba and weakened slightly.[88] Several hours later, at 02:00 UTC on July 6, Elsa emerged into the Gulf of Mexico and began to restrengthen.[89] At 00:00 UTC on July 7, Elsa restrengthened into a Category 1 hurricane, with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h) and a central pressure of 996 mb (29.4 inHg).[90][91] However, several hours later, wind shear and an entrainment of dry air caused Elsa to weaken back into a tropical storm.[92][93] Elsa continued moving northward, and at 15:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT), Elsa made landfall in Taylor County, Florida.[94][95] The storm weakened after landfall, but remained at minimal tropical storm strength as part of its circulation remained over water.[96] Afterward, Elsa gradually began accelerating northeastward, and reintensified due to baroclinic forcing.[97] Elsa became a post-tropical cyclone at 18:00 UTC on July 9 over eastern Massachusetts.[98]

Tropical cyclone watches were issued for a large area of Greater and Lesser Antilles as much of the East Coast of the United States in anticipation of Elsa. As Elsa raced past the rest of the Antilles, it caused extensive damage to the islands. In Barbados, the storm brought down trees, damaged roofs, caused widespread power outages, and caused flash flooding. In the U.S., one person was killed by a falling tree in Florida, and another seventeen were injured at a Georgia military base during an EF1 tornado.[99] At least five people were killed by Elsa, including four in the Caribbean and one in the United States. The storm caused at least $1.2 billion in damages.[100][101]

Tropical Storm Fred

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 11 – August 18
Peak intensity65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min);
993 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Tropical Storm Fred (2021)

At 12:00 UTC on August 4, the NHC began monitoring a disturbance over the central tropical Atlantic for potential development.[102] Consolidating in a favorable environment for development, the NHC began issuing advisories on the system as Potential Tropical Cyclone Six on August 9.[103] The system continued organizing as it neared the Leeward Islands; however, the system lacked a well-defined center.[104] On August 11 at 03:00 UTC, the NHC upgraded the system to tropical storm status and gave it the name Fred after radar data, reconnaissance observations, and surface observations revealed tropical storm-force winds and a better-defined circulation.[105] The system moved over the Caribbean Sea until landfall on the island of Hispaniola at about 18:00 UTC August 11.[106] As the system moved over the island, it became disorganized due to the island's mountainous terrain.[107] Consequently, at 00:00 UTC August 12, the system weakened into a tropical depression.[108] On August 14, shear caused by an upper-level trough over the Gulf of Mexico and land interaction with Cuba caused Fred to degenerate into an open wave.[109] However, on August 15 at 15:00 UTC, Fred regenerated to a tropical storm because the system had a well-defined low-level center.[110] At 18:00 UTC on August 16, Fred reached its peak intensity with winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 993 mb (29.32 inHg).[111] An hour later at 19:15 UTC, the storm made landfall near Cape San Blas, Florida, with the same wind speed and a slightly risen pressure of 994 mb (29.35 inHg).[112] Fred began to weaken shortly after as it accelerated north-northeastwards. At 15:00 UTC on August 17, the NHC issued its final advisory on Fred as it started to degenerate. The system later produced several tornadoes across the Northeast U.S. as it moved up the Atlantic coast.[101]

One person died from a car accident due to hydroplaning in Bay County, Florida.[113] In North Carolina, severe flooding led to the deaths of 5 people in Cruso.[114] The storm caused at least $1.3 billion in damages.[101]

Hurricane Grace

Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 13 – August 21
Peak intensity125 mph (205 km/h) (1-min);
962 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Grace

The NHC began to monitor a tropical wave south of the Cabo Verde Islands at 18:00 UTC on August 10.[115] The wave began to coalesce and by 15:00 UTC on August 13, the NHC considered the wave to be organized enough to be designated as Potential Tropical Cyclone Seven and began to issue advisories.[116] On August 14 at 09:00 UTC, the NHC upgraded the tropical depression to a tropical storm, assigning it the name Grace.[117] However, Grace weakened to a tropical depression on August 15 at around 18:00 UTC.[118] It made landfall on Hispaniola on August 16, just two days after the devastating Haiti earthquake. By 06:00 UTC The following day, it had reorganized back to a tropical storm. Grace's intensity continued to increase, and on August 18 at 15:00 UTC, the NHC upgraded the tropical storm to a Category 1 hurricane after reconnaissance aircraft found hurricane-force winds inside the system.[119] Little further intensification occurred before the system made landfall near Tulum, Quintana Roo, at 09:45 UTC on August 19.[120] Later, Grace weakened into a tropical storm again while crossing the Yucatan Peninsula.[121] However, after moving offshore of the peninsula and into the southwestern Gulf of Mexico at around 00:00 UTC on August 20, the storm began to re-strengthen, becoming a Category 1 hurricane at 12:00 UTC that same day. On August 21 at 03:00 UTC, Grace rapidly intensified to a Category 3 hurricane just fifteen hours later, becoming the first major hurricane of the season. After peaking with winds of 125 mph (205 km/h), the system made landfall near Tecolutla, Veracruz, at 06:00 UTC.[122][123][124][125] It then rapidly weakened over the mountains of central Mexico and dissipated there.[126] However, the remnants of Grace traveled across Mexico, and contributed to the development of Tropical Storm Marty in the Eastern Pacific.[127]

Grace was responsible for 14 deaths and $513 million in damages.[128][129][130][131]

Hurricane Henri

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 16 – August 23
Peak intensity75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min);
986 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Henri

At 00:00 UTC on August 15, the NHC began to monitor a small, yet well defined low-pressure system 200 miles north-northeast of Bermuda. At 03:00 UTC on August 16, the system intensified into a tropical depression when geostationary satellite data showed the convection being organized enough to be considered tropical cyclone. Eighteen hours later at 21:00 UTC, the system was upgraded to a tropical storm and received the name Henri.[132] Due to persistent wind shear, the center was consistently near the western edge of its convection.[133] On August 18, Henri intensified into a high-end tropical storm as the convection organized and wrapped around the mid-level circulation center.[134] However, the low-level center remained near the edge of the convection due to wind shear. For the next three days, Henri remained as a strong tropical storm whilst curving northwards as it rounded the western edge of the Azores High. At 15:00 UTC on August 21, Henri strengthened to a hurricane as shear relaxed, allowing the low-level and the mid-level circulation centers to align.[135] Henri made landfall on August 22, near Westerly, Rhode Island, around 16:15 UTC as a tropical storm, with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h).[136] Shortly after landfall, Henri rapidly weakened to a tropical depression as it made a small loop.[137] Late on the next day, Henri degenerated to an extratropical cyclone as it accelerated east-northeastwards.[138]

Hurricane Ida

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 26 – September 1
Peak intensity150 mph (240 km/h) (1-min);
929 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Ida

On August 23, the NHC began to monitor a tropical wave over the eastern Caribbean Sea. As it approached Central America, favorable environmental conditions allowed it to rapidly organize, and by 15:00 UTC on August 26, it became the ninth tropical depression of the season.[139] An Air Force aircraft found tropical storm-force winds within the system six hours later, and it was subsequently given the name Ida. As Ida travelled northwest, high sea surface temperatures and ocean heat content coupled with low wind shear allowed it to rapidly intensify into a Category 1 hurricane. Ida made landfall as a Category 1 hurricane on the Isla de la Juventud in Cuba at 18:00 UTC on August 27 with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h) and a pressure of 987 mb. Later on the same day at 23:20 UTC, Ida made its second landfall at Pinar del Río, Cuba, with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 985 mb.[140][141] After crossing Cuba and entering the Gulf of Mexico, Ida entered a region of increasingly favorable conditions, which allowed the storm's structure to improve, and satellite imagery showed that the system was beginning to develop a more robust outflow channel, and a nascent, cloud-filled eye accompanied that. Subsequently, it gradually intensified into a Category 2 hurricane by 18:00 UTC on August 28 and later to a Category 3 hurricane on August 29 at 06:00 UTC as the system cleared out a warm eye.[142] Ida then began a period of explosive intensification and was upgraded to a Category 4 hurricane just an hour after it became a major hurricane.[143] As Ida neared the Louisiana coast, it reached its peak intensity, with 1-minute sustained wind speeds of 150 mph (240 km/h) and a minimum central barometric pressure of 929 mbar (27.4 inHg), around 14:00 UTC.[144] Strengthening was then halted as the storm began an eyewall replacement cycle, forming a second eyewall, but Ida remained near its peak intensity. At 16:55 UTC on August 29, Ida made landfall near Port Fourchon, Louisiana, with sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) and a central pressure of 930 mbar (27.46 inHg), tying the 1856 Last Island hurricane and Hurricane Laura as the strongest landfalling hurricane on record in Louisiana, as measured by maximum sustained wind, and trailing only Hurricane Katrina, as measured by central pressure at landfall.[145][146][147] A 172 mph (277 km/h) wind gust was reported in Port Fourchon[148] as Ida made landfall. Afterward, Ida weakened slowly at first, remaining a dangerous major hurricane.[149] As the storm moved further inland, Ida began to rapidly weaken. It dropped below hurricane strength early on August 30 before weakening to a depression later that day.[150][151] The system degenerated to a post-tropical cyclone two days later, as it moved over the central Appalachian Mountains.[152] The extratropical low continued northeastward into Atlantic Canada and stalled over the Gulf of St. Lawrence before being absorbed by another low developing to its east on September 4.[153]

Rains from Ida's precursor tropical wave triggered damaging floods and landslides across Venezuela, resulting in at least 20 deaths.[154] Trees were blown down and many homes were destroyed as Ida passed over Cuba. The storm caused widespread significant damage throughout coastal southwest Louisiana; parts of the New Orleans metropolitan area were left without power for several weeks. Ida also triggered a tornado outbreak that began with numerous weak tornadoes in Mississippi, Louisiana, Alabama.[155] Ida's remnants subsequently spawned several destructive tornadoes and widespread flash flooding in the Northeastern United States with several flash flood emergencies and a tornado emergency (the first one ever to be issued for the region as well as the first to come from a tropical cyclone) being issued in areas stretching from Philadelphia to New York City. An EF2 tornado caused considerable damage in Annapolis, Maryland while a low-end EF2 tornado caused significant damage in Oxford, Pennsylvania. Another EF2 tornado caused a fatality in Upper Dublin Township, Pennsylvania before a destructive EF3 tornado heavily damaged or destroyed multiple homes in Mullica Hill, New Jersey. Widespread catastrophic flooding shut down most of the transportation system in New York City.[155][156] Ida caused an estimated $65.25 billion in damages and resulted in at least 115 deaths; this includes $65 billion in damage and 95 deaths in the United States.[101][157] The majority of those deaths occurred in Louisiana, New Jersey and New York.

Tropical Storm Kate

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 28 – September 1
Peak intensity45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min);
1003 mbar (hPa)

The NHC began to monitor a tropical wave south of Cape Verde on August 23. Once the system acquired characteristics of a tropical cyclone, it was designated as a tropical depression on August 28.[158] At 13:30 UTC on August 30, satellite data indicated that the tropical depression had sustained wind speeds of 45 mph (75 km/h), and it was upgraded to a tropical storm and named Kate. Strong west-northwesterly shear inhibited substantive strengthening by displacing the storm's convective activity well to the east of its center, which by the morning of August 31, had become fully exposed in visible satellite imagery.[159] Consequently, Kate was downgraded to a tropical depression at 15:00 UTC that day.[160] The system's structure continued to deteriorate into September 1 despite occasional bursts of deep convection, and it degenerated into a remnant low by 21:00 UTC.[161]

Tropical Storm Julian

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 28 – August 30
Peak intensity60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min);
993 mbar (hPa)

On August 20 at 00:00 UTC, the NHC began monitoring a tropical wave off of the coast of Africa.[162] The wave moved northwest toward the subtropical ridge of the Atlantic, then subsequently moved north. The disturbance then moved east, acquired low-level circulation and subsequently formed a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC on August 28.[163] The next day, the depression attained wind speeds of a tropical storm, and was named Julian.[164] The storm strengthened some and accelerated to the northeast. Late on August 29, it began to interact with a deep-layer area of low pressure located just east of Newfoundland.[165] Julian underwent extratropical transition and became post-tropical by 12:00 UTC on August 30.[163]

Hurricane Larry

Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 31 – September 11
Peak intensity125 mph (205 km/h) (1-min);
955 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Larry

On August 27, the NHC began to monitor a tropical wave that was forecast to exit the African coast. Conditions proved conductive for development as the wave moved off of Africa, and at 21:00 UTC on August 31, it was designated as a tropical depression. As convection increased near the center of the depression, satellite data estimated the winds around 45 mph (75 km/h), and at 09:00 UTC on September 1, it was given the name Larry.[166] Larry developed an eye-like feature as it moved west, undergoing a period of rapid intensification throughout the day.[167] At 09:00 UTC on September 2, the storm strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane.[168] The next day, while located roughly midway between the southernmost Cabo Verde Islands and the Leeward Islands, the hurricane reached Category 2 status.[169] Larry then intensified into a Category 3 hurricane six hours later.[170] While maintaining Category 3 status for multiple days, Larry gained annular characteristics and completed two eyewall replacement cycles.[171][172][173][174] On September 7, the eyewall became less defined as the convection decreased.[175] Early the next day, Larry was downgraded to a Category 2 hurricane. On September 9, it weakened to a Category 1 hurricane, while located roughly 190 mi (305 km) east of Bermuda.[176] At 03:45 UTC on September 11, Larry made landfall on Newfoundland, near South East Bight.[177] Later that day, it transitioned to a post-tropical cyclone over the Labrador Sea, and subsequently brought snow to parts of Greenland.[178]

Damages assessed on Newfoundland were estimated at $80 million.[157] Rip currents produced by the hurricane led to two drownings in the United States: one in Florida and one in South Carolina.[179][180]

Tropical Storm Mindy

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 8 – September 10
Peak intensity45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min);
1002 mbar (hPa)

On August 30, the NHC began monitoring the southern Caribbean Sea where a broad area of low pressure was expected to form.[181] After the low formed, it moved along the Caribbean coast of Central America, across the Yucatán Peninsula, and into the Gulf of Mexico. After moving into the northeastern Gulf, the disturbance became better organized, and at 21:00 UTC on September 8, the NHC initiated advisories on Tropical Storm Mindy.[182] At 01:15 UTC on September 9, Mindy made landfall on St. Vincent Island, Florida, about 10 mi (15 km) west-southwest of Apalachicola, Florida, with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h).[183] A few hours later, it weakened to a tropical depression,[184] and by 15:00 UTC, had moved offshore the coast of Georgia into the Atlantic Ocean.[185] Mindy became post-tropical and merged with a cold front early on September 10.[186]

Hurricane Nicholas

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 12 – September 16
Peak intensity75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min);
988 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Nicholas

On September 9, the NHC began monitoring the northern portion of a tropical wave over the western Caribbean Sea for potential development as it moved across northern Central America and the Yucatán Peninsula toward the Bay of Campeche.[187] By the next day, the wave was interacting with a surface trough over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico, producing widespread but disorganized showers and thunderstorms across the region.[188] Showers and thunderstorms associated with this system increased and become better organized on September 12, and as a result, advisories were initiated at 15:00 UTC on Tropical Storm Nicholas.[189] On September 14 at 03:00 UTC, a WeatherFlow Station at Matagorda Bay reported sustained winds of 76 mph (122 km/h), prompting the NHC to upgrade the storm to hurricane status.[190] Shortly thereafter, at 05:30 UTC, Nicholas made landfall about 10 mi (15 km) west-southwest of Sargent Beach, Texas, with maximum sustained winds of 75 mph (120 km/h).[191] The system quickly weakened inland to tropical storm strength, as it moved to near Galveston Bay.[192] By 00:00 UTC on September 15, it had weakened to a tropical depression as the system moved toward the east-northeast.[193] Early the following day, while stationary near Marsh Island, along the Louisiana coast, Nicholas became post-tropical.[194]

According to RMS, insured losses from Hurricane Nicholas ranged from $1.1 to $2.2 billion (2021 USD).[195]

Tropical Storm Odette

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 17 – September 18
Peak intensity45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min);
1002 mbar (hPa)

On September 11, the NHC began monitoring an area of low pressure over the southeastern Bahamas.[196] At 21:00 UTC on September 17, advisories were initated on Tropical Storm Odette.[197] Soon afterward, the storm began an extratropical transition. During this process, its deep convection was consistently displaced well to the east of a poorly-defined center due to strong westerly wind shear. The system's circulation was elongated from southwest to northeast and contained multiple low-cloud swirls.[198] Odette completed extratropical transition late the following day, becoming a post-tropical cyclone.[199] After degenerating into a non-tropical low pressure system, the remnants of Odette drifted into the northern Atlantic on September 19, producing gale-force winds.[200] Afterward, Odette's remnants continued moving out into the Atlantic, moving northeastward, before turning southward, making a slow counterclockwise curve, before turning back eastward. During this time, the NHC monitored Odette's remnants for the potential to redevelop into a subtropical or tropical cyclone.[201] However, by September 24, Odette's remnants had deteriorated, causing the NHC to cease outlooks on the system.[202] Afterward, Odette's remnants turned southward, gradually weakening over the next few days,[203] before dissipating on September 27.[204][205]

Tropical Storm Peter

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 19 – September 23
Peak intensity50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min);
1004 mbar (hPa)

At 06:00 UTC on September 11, the National Hurricane Center began monitoring a tropical wave expected to move off the west coast of Africa.[206] The wave moved westward across the central Atlantic for several days. By 03:00 UTC on September 19, it had more organized, with a well-defined center and deep convection, sufficient enough to be classified as a tropical depression.[207] Six hours later, it was upgraded to tropical storm status, and assigned the name Peter.[208] As the storm approached the northern Leeward Islands on September 20, it was being buffeted by a steady 30–35 mph (45–55 km/h) southwesterly wind shear from a nearby upper low. As a result, Peter's low-level center was displaced roughly 100 mi (160 km) west of its showers and thunderstorms, and the system was unable to undergo any major strengthening.[209] The system brought heavy rain showers to the northern Leeward Islands, Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico on September 21, as it tracked to their east. Due to continued strong wind shear, its heaviest rains remained away from the islands over water.[210] Later that day, the system weakened to a tropical depression,[211] and then early on September 23, degenerated into a remnant low.[212] On September 25, the NHC monitored an area of disorganized showers and thunderstorms south of Bermuda associated with the remnants of Peter for potential development.[213] However, by late on September 29, further development was no longer anticipated.[214]

Tropical Storm Rose

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 19 – September 23
Peak intensity50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min);
1003 mbar (hPa)

At 00:00 UTC on September 15, the National Hurricane Center began monitoring a tropical wave approaching the Atlantic coast of Africa.[215] After moving into the far eastern tropical Atlantic, it formed a low pressure center, though it remained disorganized. By 03:00 UTC on September 19, the disturbance had acquired a well-defined circulation and enough organized deep convection for it to be designated a tropical depression.[216] Later that day, satellite images showed that the deep convection had increased within the cyclone and that its overall structure had continued to improve. As a result, the cyclone was upgraded to a tropical storm and given the name Rose.[217] As the storm moved northwestward over the eastern tropical Atlantic between September 20 and 21, it was beset by high wind shear, leaving its low-level circulation center exposed and all of the heavy thunderstorm activity confined to the east side of the center.[210] Early on September 22, Rose weakened to a tropical depression,[218] and then transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone the following day.[219]

Hurricane Sam

Main article: Hurricane Sam
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 22 – October 5
Peak intensity155 mph (250 km/h) (1-min);
929 mbar (hPa)

On September 19, the NHC began monitoring a tropical wave over West Africa for potential for tropical cyclogenesis.[220] After emerging into the Atlantic, the showers and thunderstorms within the wave increased on September 21, and began exhibiting signs of organization.[221] The disturbance organized further through the following day, and by 21:00 UTC on September 22, its low-level circulation had become well-defined enough to mark the formation of Tropical Depression Eighteen.[222] The system quickly strengthened as it moved westward across the open ocean, and at 15:00 UTC on September 23, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Sam.[223] Sam continued to rapidly intensify, with its winds reaching 70 mph (110 km/h) 24 hours after its initial designation.[224] At 09:00 UTC on September 24, Sam was upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane as it continued intensifying.[225] After briefly leveling out in intensity, the storm resumed rapid intensification, reaching Category 3 hurricane status at 15:00 UTC on September 25.[226][37] Satellite images showed a well-defined eye embedded in a developing central dense overcast, and following an increase in Dvorak intensity estimates, Sam was upgraded into a Category 4 hurricane six hours later.[227]

On September 26, the NHC estimated that Sam reached its peak intensity between 19:00 and 22:00 UTC, with the storm likely attaining maximum sustained winds of 155 mph (250 km/h) and a central minimum pressure of 929 mbar (27.4 inHg), making Sam a high-end Category 4 hurricane.[228] Sam briefly weakened into a Category 3 hurricane due to an eyewall replacement cycle before re-strengthening back to a Category 4 hurricane at 03:00 UTC on September 28.[229][230][231] The intensity then fluctuated between 130–140 mph (215–220 km/h) as it went through another eyewall replacement cycle, before Sam began another strengthening trend while growing in size.[232] Early on October 1, Sam reached its secondary peak, with maximum sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) and a central pressure of 934 mbar (27.6 inHg), while accelerating north-northwestward.[233][234] The storm turned northward and then northeastward, passing east-southeast of Bermuda.[235] Around this time, Sam gradually began to weaken as it tracked over cooler sea surface temperatures.[236] Sam was downgraded from a major hurricane on October 3, but managed to briefly re-strengthen slightly following another eyewall replacement cycle later that day.[237][238] The hurricane's cloud pattern began to degrade again on October 4, and it weakened to Category 1 strength late that day.[239] Early on October 5, the hurricane completed a dynamic extratropical transition and transitioned to a powerful post-tropical cyclone over the far North Atlantic between Newfoundland and Iceland while being absorbed by a large mid-latitude extratropical cyclone.[240]

Subtropical Storm Teresa

Subtropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 24 – September 25
Peak intensity45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min);
1008 mbar (hPa)

On September 23, the NHC began monitoring a non-tropical surface low southeast of Bermuda for potential tropical or subtropical development.[241] As the system moved northwestward into the following day and interacted with an upper-level trough, a well-defined center formed; the low was also producing gale-force winds on the north side of its circulation.[242] At 21:00 UTC on September 24, the NHC initiated advisories on Subtropical Storm Teresa.[243] However, cool waters, dry air, and wind shear quickly weakened the storm, and it was downgraded to a subtropical depression at 15:00 UTC the next day, while located about 140 mi (225 km) north of Bermuda.[37] Six hours later, the system became post-tropical as it degenerated into a remnant low.[244]

Tropical Storm Victor

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 29 – October 4
Peak intensity65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min);
997 mbar (hPa)

On September 26, the NHC began to monitor a tropical wave that was forecast to soon to move off the west coast of Africa.[245] Once it did, an area of low pressure formed and steadily grew more organized, with heavy thunderstorm activity increasing as it did. Consequently, the system was designated Tropical Depression Twenty at 15:00 UTC on September 29.[38] Later that day, the system strengthened into a tropical storm, receiving the name Victor.[246] Victor remained steady in strength as it moved westward.[247] Afterward, the system became better organized as it moved west-northwestward. Victor reached peak intensity with winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 997 mbar (29.44 inHg) on October 2.[248] However, its development was hampered due to southerly wind shear.[249] The storm weakened to a tropical depression later that same day.[250] At 15:00 UTC on October 4, the depression degenerated into a trough of low pressure.[251]

Tropical Storm Wanda

Tropical Storm Wanda
Current storm status
Tropical storm (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:9:00 p.m. GMT (21:00 UTC) November 1
Location:34°12′N 42°12′W / 34.2°N 42.2°W / 34.2; -42.2 (Tropical Storm Wanda) ± 30 nm
About 885 mi (1,425 km) WSW of The Azores
Sustained winds:40 knots (45 mph; 75 km/h) (1-min mean)
gusting to 50 knots (60 mph; 95 km/h)
Pressure:996 mbar (29.41 inHg)
Movement:ENE at 6 knots (7 mph; 11 km/h)
See more detailed information.

A strong nor'easter brought heavy rainfall, damaging winds, and coastal flooding to much of the Northeastern United States on October 25–27. The nor'easter, which became better organized, acquired subtropical characteristics early on October 31 while located over the central Atlantic, and attained the name Wanda.[252]

The nor'easter caused at least $200 million in damages across the Northeastern U.S.[252]

Current storm information

As of 9:00 p.m. GMT (21:00 UTC) November 1, Subtropical Storm Wanda is located within 30 nautical miles of 36°24′N 43°12′W / 36.4°N 43.2°W / 36.4; -43.2 (Wanda), about 895 mi (1,440 km) west of The Azores. Maximum sustained winds are 45 knots (50 mph; 85 km/h), with gusts up to 55 knots (65 mph; 100 km/h). The minimum barometric pressure is 987 mbar (29.15 inHg), and the system is moving east at 7 knots (8 mph; 13 km/h).

For the latest official information, see:

Storm names

The following names will be used for named storms that form in the North Atlantic in 2021.[253] If there are more than 21 named storms this season, subsequent storms will take names from an auxiliary list of names approved by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).[nb 5][253] Retired names, if any, will be announced by the WMO in the spring of 2022. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2027 season.[253] This is the same list used in the 2015 season, with the exceptions of Elsa and Julian, which replaced Erika and Joaquin, respectively. The names Elsa, Julian, Rose, Sam, Teresa, Victor, and Wanda were used for the first time this year.

  • Odette
  • Peter
  • Rose
  • Sam
  • Teresa
  • Victor
  • Wanda (active)
Auxiliary list
  • Adria (unused)
  • Braylen (unused)
  • Caridad (unused)
  • Deshawn (unused)
  • Emery (unused)
  • Foster (unused)

Season effects

This is a table of all of the storms that have formed in the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2021 USD.

Saffir–Simpson scale
TD TS C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
2021 North Atlantic tropical cyclone season statistics
Storm
name 		Dates active Storm category
at peak intensity 		Max 1-min
wind
mph (km/h) 		Min.
press.
(mbar) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Ref(s)
Ana May 22 – 23 Tropical storm 45 (75) 1004 Bermuda None None
Bill June 14 – 15 Tropical storm 65 (100) 992 East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada None None
Claudette June 19 – 22 Tropical storm 45 (75) 1004 Southern Mexico, Southern United States, Atlantic Canada $350 million 4 (10) [255][256][257]
Danny June 27 – 29 Tropical storm 45 (75) 1009 South Carolina, Georgia Minimal None [65]
Elsa July 1 – 9 Category 1 hurricane 85 (140) 991 Lesser Antilles, Venezuela, Greater Antilles, South Atlantic United States, Northeastern United States, Atlantic Canada, Greenland, Iceland $1.2 billion 5 [100][101]
Fred August 11 – 18 Tropical storm 65 (100) 993 Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, Southeastern United States, Eastern Great Lakes Region, Northeastern United States, Southern Quebec, The Maritimes $1.3 billion 5 (2) [101][113][114]
Grace August 13 – 21 Category 3 hurricane 125 (205) 962 Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Yucatan Peninsula, Central Mexico $513 million 13 (1) [128][129][130][131]
Henri August 16 – 23 Category 1 hurricane 75 (120) 986 Bermuda, Northeastern United States, Southern Nova Scotia $550 million 2 [128][258][259][260]
Ida August 26 – September 1 Category 4 hurricane 150 (240) 929 Venezuela, Colombia, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Southern United States, Northeastern United States, Atlantic Canada ≥ $65.25 billion 72 (43) [101][154][157]
Kate August 28 – September 1 Tropical storm 45 (75) 1003 None None None
Julian August 28 – 30 Tropical storm 60 (95) 993 None None None
Larry August 31 – September 11 Category 3 hurricane 125 (205) 955 Lesser Antilles, Bermuda, East Coast of the United States, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Greenland $80 million 2 [157][179][180]
Mindy September 8 – 10 Tropical storm 45 (75) 1002 Colombia, Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina Unknown None
Nicholas September 12 – 16 Category 1 hurricane 75 (120) 988 Mexico, Gulf Coast of the United States >$1.1 billion None [101][195]
Odette September 17 – 18 Tropical storm 45 (75) 1002 East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada None None
Peter September 19 – 23 Tropical storm 50 (85) 1004 Hispaniola, Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico None None
Rose September 19 – 23 Tropical storm 50 (85) 1003 None None None
Sam September 22 – October 5 Category 4 hurricane 155 (250) 929 West Africa, Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Bermuda, Iceland None None
Teresa September 24 – 25 Subtropical storm 45 (75) 1008 Bermuda None None
Victor September 29 – October 4 Tropical storm 65 (100) 997 None None None
Wanda October 31 – Present Tropical storm 50 (85) 987 East Coast of the United States >$200 million None [252]
Season aggregates
21 systems May 22 – Season ongoing   155 (250) 929 >$69.513 billion 103 (56)  

See also

Notes

  1. ^ While not explicitly given as the intensity in advisories, an NHC forecast discussion and best track data indicate that Hurricane Sam peaked with winds at 135 knots (155 mph; 250 km/h) and a pressure of 929 mbar (27.43 inHg).
  2. ^ An average Atlantic hurricane season, as defined by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, has 14 tropical storms, seven hurricanes and three major hurricanes.[2]
  3. ^ Hurricanes reaching Category 3 (111 miles per hour or 179 kilometers per hour) and higher on the five-level Saffir–Simpson wind speed scale are considered major hurricanes.[7]
  4. ^ September 10 is the climatological mid-point of the Atlantic hurricane season.[33]
  5. ^ In past seasons, the Greek alphabet was used if a season's primary name list was exhausted, which occurred in 2005 and 2020. This practice was discontinued after the 2020 season brought multiple shortcomings to light with the use of the Greek alphabet. Disadvantages to its usage included too much focus on the Greek names themselves, instead of reporting on the impacts of these tropical cyclones, as well as the difficulty in properly retiring and replacing the Greek letter names of devastating storms.[254]

References

  1. ^ Cappucci, Matthew (May 20, 2021). "NOAA's Atlantic hurricane outlook calls for sixth straight above-average season". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
  2. ^ "Background Information: North Atlantic Hurricane Season". College Park, Maryland: NOAA Climate Prediction Center. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
  3. ^ "Hurricane Season Information". Frequently Asked Questions About Hurricanes. Miami, Florida: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. June 1, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  4. ^ Cetoute, Devoun; Harris, Alex (May 22, 2021). "Subtropical Storm Ana forms. It's the seventh year in a row with an early named storm". Miami Herald. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
  5. ^ Klotzbach, Phil (June 28, 2021). "5th Atlantic season on record to have 3 June named storm formations". Twitter. Retrieved June 29, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ^ Masters, Jeff (July 1, 2021). "Tropical Storm Elsa is earliest fifth named storm on record in the Atlantic". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Program on Climate Change Communication. Retrieved August 2, 2021.
  7. ^ a b c d "Background Information: North Atlantic Hurricane Season". College Park, Maryland: Climate Prediction Center. May 22, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  8. ^ Allen, Greg (February 26, 2021). "Hurricane Forecasts Will Start Earlier In 2021". NPR. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  9. ^ Fox, Alex (October 8, 2021). "'Saildrone' Captures First-Ever Video From Inside a Category 4 Hurricane". Smithsonian. Washington, D.C. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  10. ^ a b "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2024. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  11. ^ a b c Saunders, Marc; Lea, Adam (December 9, 2020). "Extended Range Forecast for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2021" (PDF). TropicalStormRisk.com. London, UK: Dept. of Space and Climate Physics, University College London. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  12. ^ a b "CSU researchers predicting above-average 2021 Atlantic hurricane season". Fort Collins, Colorado: Colorado State University. April 8, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  13. ^ Mann, Michael E.; Brouillette, Daniel J.; Kozar, Michael (April 12, 2021). "The 2021 North Atlantic Hurricane Season: Penn State ESSC Forecast". University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Earth System Science Center. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
  14. ^ a b Saunders, Marc; Lea, Adam (April 13, 2021). "April Forecast Update for North Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2021" (PDF). TropicalStormRisk.com. London, UK: Dept. of Space and Climate Physics, University College London. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  15. ^ a b Davis, Kyle; Zeng, Xubin (April 13, 2021). "Forecast of the 2021 Hurricane Activities over the North Atlantic" (PDF). Tucson, Arizona: Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  16. ^ a b Peake, Tracy (April 14, 2021). "2021 Hurricane Season Will Be Active, NC State Researchers Predict". Raleigh, North Carolina: North Carolina State University. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  17. ^ Belles, Jonathan; Erdman, Jonathan (April 15, 2021). "2021 Atlantic Hurricane Season Expected to Be More Active Than Normal, The Weather Company Outlook Says". Hurricane Central. Atlanta, Georgia: The Weather Channel. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  18. ^ a b Belles, Jonathan; Erdman, Jonathan (May 13, 2021). "2021 Atlantic Hurricane Season Storm Numbers Increase in Our Latest Outlook". Hurricane Central. Atlanta, Georgia: The Weather Channel. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  19. ^ a b "NOAA predicts another active Atlantic hurricane season". National Hurricane Center. May 20, 2021. Retrieved May 21, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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