Yugoslav Ministry of Defence Building
Yugoslav Ministry of Defence building Yugoslav General Staff | |
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Савезни секретариjaт за народну одбрану Savezni Sekretarijat za Narodnu Odbranu | |
![]() The Yugoslav Ministry of Defence building in early 2022, with most of the damage cleared away. | |
General information | |
Status | Damaged / partially used |
Type | Government building for the Ministry of Defense[1] |
Location | Nemanjina Street, Belgrade, Serbia |
Coordinates | 44°48′20.2″N 20°27′40.5″E / 44.805611°N 20.461250°E |
Construction started | 1957 |
Completed | 1965 |
Closed | 1999 (destroyed) |
Technical details | |
Floor area | 49,235 m2 (pre-1999) |
Design and construction | |
Architect(s) | Nikola Dobrović |
The Yugoslav Ministry of Defence building (Serbian: Савезни секретариjaт за народну одбрану, romanized: Savezni Sekretarijat za Narodnu Odbranu, lit. "Federal Secretariat for the People's Defense"), also known as the Yugoslav General Staff (Serbian: Зграда Генералштаба, romanized: Zgrada Generalštaba, lit. "General Staff Building") is a government building in Belgrade, Serbia, that formerly housed the Ministry of Defence of Yugoslavia.
Built in from 1957-65, the building was heavily damaged during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999, and was left largely derelict. Today, only a small non-damaged portion of the building is used by the Ministry of Defence of Serbia.
History
The building was built between 1957 and 1965, and it was designed by Serbian architect, Nikola Dobrović.[1] It is divided by Nemanjina Street, and its design is meant to resemble a canyon of the Sutjeska river, where one of the most significant battles of World War II in Yugoslavia was fought, with the street as a river dividing the two monumental, gradually completed tracts. As Nemanjina Street comes up the hill from the main railway station, the two parts of the building form a symbolic gate.[1]
In addition to expressive cascading forms, facades are characterized by the application of contrasting materials - robust, brown-red stone from Kosjerić and white marble slabs from the island of Brač.[2] The most striking visual motif representing the window bars on the facades, designed in the spirit of late modernism.
The first part of the building, standing across the government of Serbia building in Kneza Miloša street, is named Building "A" and has 12,654 square meters.[3] The other part of the building, divided by Nemanjina Street, is named Building "B" and has 36,581 square meters.[3]
1999 bombing
Around midnight on 29/30 April 1999, 40 days into the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, the building was bombed two times by NATO in the space of 15 minutes, because of the structure's significance as a military facility.[4][3] It was uninhabited at the time it was bombed, leading some to speculate that it was bombed more due to its symbolic significance as a representation of the state, rather than merely just for immediate tangible purposes.[1] It was bombed once again nine days later, around midnight on 7/8 May 1999.[3]
Post-bombing
Severely damaged by the 1999 bombing, the building has not been repaired for over a decade and is Belgrade’s most famous ruin. Since 2005, it has been the protected monument of culture, symbolizing the 1999 NATO bombing and suffering of Serbia.[3]
Building "B" was much less damaged during the bombings, and in the following years the entrance of the building has been removed, for the safety of the pedestrians. Part of the building "B" has been used by the Ministry of Defence of Serbia.
- Reconstruction
In November 2015, with the budget of 650,000 euros, the first phase of reconstruction of Building "A" has started, for the purpose of structure collapse prevention.[5][6] By May 2016, the central part was entirely demolished and the pillars for the part of the building close to the street were poured.[6] Around 5,000 square meters was demolished.[5]
In February 2017, the government of Serbia has decided to demolish most of the building "A" construction with the obligation to re-build it to its original appearance once the country has the funds.[7] This sudden decision was explained with the high cost of the further reconstruction amounting to the estimated 7.66 million euros, while the demolition was estimated at 1.46 million euros. Minister of Defence of Serbia, Zoran Đorđević said that experts advocated for this solution despite already paid first phase of the reconstruction, while the military experts condemned this decision.[7] On 9 March 2017, the Association of Serbian Architects (an informal, private group) launched an initiative for the submission of candidature for the UNESCO World Heritage Site, also saying that the Government of Serbia wanted to remove it from the register of cultural properties, but due to the long legal procedure resorted to the reconstruction.[8] The Association condemned the decision and marked it as a "definitive loss of our culture" as it is a "monument of suffering and brutality of NATO forces".[8] In March 2015, on the occasion of the 16th anniversary of the beginning of NATO intervention, the government of Serbia organized a ceremony in front of the ruined building, which some observers interpreted as the evidence that the ruin has indeed become a de facto war monument.[9]
- Proposals for other purposes
Over the years, there have been talks that the building could be turned into a luxurious hotel of The Trump Organization.[10][11] Following the reconstruction of Building "A" and later proposed demolition of the most of the construction, Prime Minister of Serbia Aleksandar Vučić, said that there are plans for the construction of Monument of Stefan Nemanja and Museum of medieval Serbia on the place of the Building "A".[12][13] However, that idea was abandoned as it was decided that the monument is to be placed on Sava square.[14]
On March 13, 2024 Aleksandar Jovanović said that Goran Vesić, minister of Construction, Transport and Infrastructure, signed a memorandum giving away the location of the building to American offshore companies Kushner Realty and Atlantic Incubation Partners LLC registered to Jonathan Kushner, cousin of Jared Kushner who is son-in-law of former president of the US Donald Trump.[15] Goran Vesić confirmed that he received authorization from the Government of Serbia at a public meeting to sign a memorandum that the location of the bombed General Staff in the centre of Belgrade be given away to American offshore companies.[16] The Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of the City of Belgrade announced that the building, has the status of a cultural property and that the Institute has not received any official document proposing the abolition of that status.[17] On March 15, 2024 published rendering on Twitter for the project of a luxury complex on the site of the General Staff of the Serbian Armed Forces.[18] In response, ecological uprising announced the launch of a petition to prevent the building of the General Staff from being given away to investors and to build a memorial centre dedicated to the victims of 1999 on that site.[19]
Gallery
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Damaged building "A" in 2006
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Damaged building "A" in 2012
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Damaged building "A" in 2019, showing some of the rubble cleared away as part of the post-2015 cleanup process.
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Damaged building "B" in 2013
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Damaged building facade in 2013
References
- ^ a b c d Milošević, Srđan (9 March 2015). "The ghosts of the past, present and future: the case of army headquarters in Belgrade, Serbia" (PDF). IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- ^ Petrović, M. R. (30 July 2015). "Generalštab pola šminkaju, pola ruše". blic.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 24 March 2017.
- ^ a b c d e "Tri varijante za ZGRADU GENERALŠTABA, ali na kraju ipak MORA DA SE RUŠI". blic.rs (in Serbian). 2 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
- ^ "A Kosovo Chronology". PBS. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- ^ a b "Počinje rušenje nestabilnog dela zgrade Generalštaba" (in Serbian). Tanjug. 27 November 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
- ^ a b Rodić, Milena (11 May 2016). "ZGRADA GENERALŠTABA podeljena na DVA DELA" (in Serbian). Retrieved 24 March 2017.
- ^ a b "Sanirali zgradu Generalštaba za 78, ruše je za 180 miliona". insajder.net (in Serbian). 28 February 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
- ^ a b "Generalštab je obeležje našeg stradanja". novosti.rs (in Serbian). 9 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
- ^ Ejdus, Filip (2017). "'Not a heap of stones': material environments and ontological security in international relations" (PDF). Cambridge Review of International Affairs. 30: 23–43. doi:10.1080/09557571.2016.1271310. hdl:1983/46946960-3281-4175-a8c1-6b46971a4e3f.
- ^ "Trump Eyes Turning Serbian Army Ruin into Hotel". Balkan Insights. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- ^ "Donald Trump to build a hotel in Belgrade". ExpatSerbia. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- ^ "Na mestu Generalštaba spomenik i muzej Stefanu Nemanji". blic.rs (in Serbian). 21 November 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
- ^ Dragović, R. (27 December 2016). "UMESTO SRUŠENOG GENERALŠTABA: Nemanjićima muzej naspram zgrade Vlade". novosti.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 24 March 2017.
- ^ "Generalštab ipak neće biti Muzej srpskog srednjeg veka". N1 (in Serbian). 15 September 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
- ^ N, B. (13 March 2024). "Ćuta: Vlada poklanja Generalštab američkim ofšor firmama, na delu Beograd na vodi 2". N1 (in Serbian). Retrieved 16 March 2024.
- ^ "Vesić o lokaciji Generalštaba: Dobio sam ovlašćenje za potpisivanje memoranduma". N1 (in Serbian). 13 March 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
- ^ "Zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture: Generalštab pod zaštitom". N1 (in Serbian). 15 March 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
- ^ Lipton, Eric; Swan, Jonathan; Haberman, Maggie (15 March 2024). "Kushner Developing Deals Overseas Even as His Father-in-Law Runs for President". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
- ^ S, S. M. (15 March 2024). "Trampov zet objavio render za projekat kompleksa na mestu Generalštaba". N1 (in Serbian). Retrieved 16 March 2024.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Buildings and structures in Belgrade
- Military of Yugoslavia
- Military headquarters
- Ruins in Serbia
- 1965 establishments in Yugoslavia
- 1960s establishments in Serbia
- 1999 disestablishments in Serbia
- NATO airstrikes
- Military installations of Yugoslavia
- Attacks on military installations in the 1990s
- Attacks in Europe in the 1990s
- Military installations closed in 1999
- Attacks on government buildings and structures in Europe
- Headquarters in Serbia
- Savski Venac
- Building bombings in Europe
- Yugoslav Serbian architecture