Harry Potter fandom
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kings_Cross_Platform_9%2C75.jpg/250px-Kings_Cross_Platform_9%2C75.jpg)
The Harry Potter fandom is a large international and informal community drawn together by J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. The fandom is facilitated by many different forms of media, including web sites, fan fiction, podcasts, fan art and songvids, and a distinct genre of music. Harry Potter fan fiction, stories based on the series but written by fans online, is the most searched-for subject of all fan fiction on the web, surpassing even those in the Star Trek fandom, or Trekdom.[1] However, the fandom not only interacts online in Internet forums, but also gathers at scholarly fan conventions, tours of iconic landmarks relevant in the books and production of the films, and parties held for the midnight release of each book and film.
The last four books were so desired that considerable security measures were taken to ensure that no book was purchased before the official release date.[2] Studies on the fandom have shown that both children and adults are fans,[3][4] despite Rowling's original marketing of the books towards children aged nine to twelve.[5]
Pottermania
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Harry_Potter_lines.jpg/300px-Harry_Potter_lines.jpg)
Pottermania is an informal term dating to about 1999 describing the craze Harry Potter fans have had over the series.[6] Fans held midnight parties to celebrate the release of the final four books at bookstores which stay open on the night leading into the date of the release.[7] In 2005, Entertainment Weekly listed the midnight release of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire as one of "Entertainment's Top Moments" of the previous 25 years.[8]
The last four books were released in the middle of summer, preventing children who attended summer camps to go to release parties or even have easy access to new books. For the final book, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, though camps did not allow campers to be removed by their parents for the night, many camps mass ordered copies of the books, and some planned field trips to local bookstores.[9]
The craze over the series was parodied in Lauren Weisberger's 2003 novel The Devil Wears Prada as well as its 2006 film adaptation. In the story, the protagonist Andrea Sachs is ordered to retrieve two copies of the next installment in the series for her boss's twins as soon as they are published (in the film, before they are published) so that they can be privately flown to France, where the twins and their mother are on holiday.[10]
The series has come with its share of criticism as well. Besides negative reviews of the books, allegations of witchcraft and the Occult found in the text, and legal disputes, one doctor coined the term "Hogwarts headache" in a letter to the New England Journal of Medicine shortly after the release of Order of the Phoenix, the longest book in the series, at 768 pages in the UK edition, 870 pages in the US edition, and over 250,000 words.[11][12] He described it as a mild condition, a tension headache possibly accompanied by neck or wrist pains, caused by unhealthily long reading sessions of Harry Potter. The "symptoms" resolve themselves within days of finishing the book. His prescription of taking reading breaks was rejected by two of the patients on which he discovered this headache.[13] On a similar note, researchers in Oxford found that the admission rate of children with traumatic injuries to the city's ERs plummeted on the publication weekends of both Order of the Phoenix and Half-Blood Prince.[14]
Fan sites
There are many fan web sites about Harry Potter on the Internet, the oldest ones dating to about 1997 or 1998.[15][16][17] J. K. Rowling has an open relationship with her fan base, and since 2004 periodically hands out a "fan site award" on her official web site.[18] The first site to receive the award was Immeritus, a fan site mostly devoted to Sirius Black, and about which Rowling wrote, "I am so proud of the fact that a character, whom I always liked very much, though he never appeared as much more than a brooding presence in the books, has gained a passionate fan-club."[19]
In 2004, after Immeritus, Rowling bestowed the honor upon four sites. The first was Godric's Hollow;[20] strangely, the site's domain name is occupied by advertisers and its content is lost,[21] and there is no further record on Rowling's site that Godric's Hollow ever received the award.[18] The next site was the Harry Potter Lexicon, an online encyclopedia Rowling has admitted to visiting while writing away from home rather than buying a copy of her books in a store. She called it "for the dangerously obsessive; my natural home."[22] The third site of 2004 was MuggleNet, a web site featuring the latest news in the Potter world, among editorials, forums, and a podcast. Rowling wrote when giving the award, "It's high time I paid homage to the mighty MuggleNet," and listed all the features she loved, including "the pretty-much-exhaustive information on all books and films."[23] The last site was HPANA, the first fan site Rowling ever visited, "faster off the mark with Harry Potter news than any other site" Rowling knows, and "fantastically user-friendly."[24]
In 2005, only The Leaky Cauldron was honored. In Rowling's words, "it is about the worst kept secret on this website that I am a huge fan of The Leaky Cauldron," which she calls a "wonderfully well designed mine of accurate information on all things Harry Potter."[25] On another occasion, Rowling has called the Leaky Cauldron her "favorite fan site."[26] In 2006, the Brazilian website Potterish was the only site honored, in recognition of its "style, [its] Potter-expertise and [its] responsible reporting."[27] It is the only non-English language website to be awarded so far. In 2007, Harry Potter Fan Zone received the award and currently holds it. Rowling recognized the insightful editorials.[28]
At one time, Warner Bros., which owns the rights to Harry Potter and its affiliates, tried to shut down the sites. The unsuccessful attempt eventually led to their inviting the webmasters of the top sites to premieres of the films and tours of the film sets, because of their close connection with the fans. Warner Bros. executives have acknowledged that many fans are disappointed that certain elements of the books are left out, but not trying to avoid criticism, "bringing the fan sites into the process is what we feel is really important."[17]
These fan sites contain news updates into the world of the books, films, and film cast members through the use of forums, image galleries, or video galleries.[29] They also host user-submitted creations, such as fan art or fan fiction (see below).[30] Some YouTube member pages devoted to fan videos, which are typically in the form of anime music videos or songvids.
Podcasts
A podcast is a media file that is distributed by subscription (paid or unpaid) over the Internet using syndication feeds, for playback on mobile devices and personal computers.[31] The Harry Potter fandom has embraced podcasts as a regular, often weekly, insight to the latest discussion in the fandom. Apple Inc. has featured two of the podcasts, MuggleCast and PotterCast.[32] MuggleCast reached the top spot of iTunes podcast rankings and has been polled one of the top 50 favorite podcasts.[33] At the 2006 Podcast Awards, when MuggleCast and PotterCast each received two nominations for the same two categories, the two podcasts teamed up and requested listeners vote for PotterCast in the Best Entertainment category and MuggleCast in the People's Choice category. Both podcasts won these respective categories.[34][35]
MuggleCast, hosted by MuggleNet staffers, was created in August 2005, not long after the release of Half-Blood Prince.[36] Topics of the first show focused on Horcruxes, "R.A.B.", the Goblet of Fire film, which was due for release two months later, and the website DumbledoreIsNotDead.com.[37] Since then, MuggleCast has held chapter-by-chapter discussions, character analyses, and a discussion on a "theory of the week." MuggleCast has also added humor to their podcast with segments like "Spy on Spartz," where the hosts would call MuggleNet webmaster Emerson Spartz and reveal his current location or activity with the listening audience. British staff member Jamie Lawrence tells a British joke of the week, and host Andrew Sims reads an email sent to MuggleNet with a strange request or incoherent talk.[38]
PotterCast was released less than two weeks after MuggleCast's first episode. Produced by The Leaky Cauldron, it differed from MuggleCast with a more structured program, including various segments and involvement of more people on the Leaky Cauldron staff compared to MuggleCast. It also was the first and is still the only Potter podcast to produce regular interviews with people directly involved with the books and films. The first show featured interviews with Stuart Craig, art director of the films, as well as Bonnie Wright, who plays Ginny Weasley. PotterCast has also interviewed Matthew Lewis (the actor who portrays Neville Longbottom), Evanna Lynch (Luna Lovegood), Jamie Waylett (Vincent Crabbe), Chris Columbus, Alfonso Cuarón, and Mike Newell (directors of the first four films), and Arthur A. Levine and Cheryl Klein (editors of the books at Scholastic).[39]
The two sites are friendly rivals and have aired several combined episodes, which they call "The Leaky Mug", a separate podcast released on a separate feed from time to time. Live joint podcasts have been held in New York City, Las Vegas, and California. From time to time, hosts on one podcast will appear on their counterpart.[39]
In addition there have been podcasts solely based on a particular character, such as Snapecast which focuses on determining the loyalty of Severus Snape.
Fan fiction
Rowling has backed fan fiction stories on the Internet, stories written by fans that involve Harry Potter or other characters in the books.[40] A recent study has shown that "Harry Potter" is the most searched-for fan fiction subject.[1] Some fans will use canon established in the books to write stories of past and future events in the Harry Potter world; others write stories that have little relation to the books other than the characters' names and the settings in which the fan fiction takes place. On FanFiction.Net, there are upwards of 300,000 Harry Potter stories, the largest number for stories stemming from books; The Lord of the Rings boasts second in the book section with close to 40,000.[41] There are numerous websites devoted entirely to Harry Potter fan fiction. Of these, FictionAlley.org has grown to be so large that it is now a series of smaller sites under one name, each dedicated to a different style of writing, such as comedy or romance.[42] A well-known work of fan fiction is The Shoebox Project, created by a LiveJournal user, new posts of which are subscribed to by over 5000 people. The author's works, including this project, were featured in an article in the The Wall Street Journal discussing the growth in popularity of fandoms.[43]
Rowling has said, "I find it very flattering that people love the characters that much." She has adopted a positive position on fan fiction, unlike authors such as Anne McCaffrey or Anne Rice who discourage fans from writing about their books and have asked sites like FanFiction.Net to remove all stories of their works, requests honored by the site.[40] However, Rowling has been "alarmed by pornographic or sexually explicit material clearly not meant for kids," according to Neil Blair, an attorney for her publisher. The attornies have sent cease and desist letters to sites that print adult material.[44]
Potter fan fiction also has a large following in the slash fiction genre, stories which feature homosexuality that does not exist in the books.[45][46] Famous pairings include Harry with Draco Malfoy or Severus Snape, and Remus Lupin with Sirius Black.[46][47]
In the fall of 2006, Jason Isaacs, who plays Lucius Malfoy in the Potter films, said that he had read fan fiction about his character and gets "a huge kick out of the more far-out stuff."[48]
Conventions
Fan conventions have been another way that the fandom have congregated. The conferences have maintained an academic emphasis, hosting professional keynote speakers. Steve Vander Ark, the webmaster of the Harry Potter Lexicon, spoke at Accio, a conference held in July 2005 at the University of Reading in Reading, Berkshire,[49], Lumos, held in July 2006 in Las Vegas, Nevada.[50], Sectus 2007[51] in London, an adults-only convention, and Prophecy 2007 in Toronto with Sue Upton, Senior Editor of the Leaky Cauldron, Heidi Tandy, founder of Fiction Alley, and Paul DeGeorge, guitarist of the wizard rock band Harry and the Potters (see below).[52] Still, the conventions try to attract the fandom with other activities, often more interactive, such as wizarding chess, water Quidditch, the watching of Harry Potter films,[53] or local cultural immersions. Sometimes live podcasts have been held at conventions.[53]
"'Ship debates"
In the fandom the word "'ship" and its derivatives like "'shipping" or "'shipper" are commonly used as shorthand for the word "relationship." According to Emerson Spartz, webmaster of MuggleNet, "Romance in the books is the most prominent source of debate in the online fandom, where many of the fans border on obsessive, but casual readers will never understand what the big deal is."[54]
After Half-Blood Prince
At the end of Half-Blood Prince, after building up since Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Rowling tells the reader that Harry Potter and Ginny Weasley were meant to be in a relationship, and Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger in another.[55] This caused great disappointment among those fans who favored a relation between Harry and Hermione,[54] and the hate was fueled when Spartz and Melissa Anelli, webmistress of The Leaky Cauldron, interviewed Rowling after the publication of the book. Spartz said, "We thought it was clearer than ever that Harry and Ginny are an item and Ron and Hermione—although we think you made it painfully obvious in the first five books[.]" Rowling agreed, and Spartz joked that Harry and Hermione partisans were "delusional." Though Rowling said immediately she still valued their readership, she established straightforwardly that "we do know now that it's Ron and Hermione," and added, "I do feel that I have dropped heavy hints. Anvil-sized, actually, hints, prior to this point. I certainly think even if subtle clues hadn't been picked up by the end of Azkaban, that by the time we hit [Viktor] Krum in Goblet..."[55]
Once the interview was published online, fans of a Harry/Hermione relationship were furious, one writing in an online message board, "That woman [Rowling] has completely destroyed my faith in ever having a real relationship."[54] Petitions were made, one asking Rowling to "immediately apologize for her remarks, … in particular the following words: 'Yes, we do now know that it's Ron and Hermione.'" It also demanded of Rowling to "rectify the situation in Book 7, clearing up any questions the few Ron/Hermione shippers (the truly 'delusional' ones) floating around might have about the one true romantic relationship that matters in the Harry Potter books, that of Harry and Hermione."[56] Spartz later apologized, admitting "delusional" might have been too harsh a word, but explained:[57]
My comments weren't directed at the shippers who acknowledged that Harry/Hermione was a long shot but loved the idea of them together. It was directed at the "militant" shippers who insisted that there was overwhelming canon proof and that everyone else was too blind to see it. You were delusional; you saw what you wanted to see and you have no one to blame for that but yourselves.
He also requested that they not "lash out on" Rowling: "the creator herself has laid down the law, it's time for you to lick your wounds and move on."[57] However, Harry/Hermione proponents continued to complain. On one message board, posters decided to unite against Spartz, Anelli and Rowling, writing that the new purpose of the forum was to "express your views and show why the evidence was there for the [Harry/Hermione] ship, even if Ms. Rowling, unfortunately, did not see it," and to "let her know the way you feel about her comments, or point out how, why and where she went wrong in her development of the characters, or simply discuss how she will have missed a golden opportunity to tell one of the greatest love stories ever told."[58]
Other relationships
On a less intense scale, other relationships have been doted upon in the fandom from suggestive hints or explicit statements throughout canon, such as those between Draco Malfoy and Pansy Parkinson, Rubeus Hagrid and Olympe Maxime, or Percy Weasley and Penelope Clearwater.[59] A potential relationship between Neville Longbottom and Luna Lovegood was originally dispelled by Rowling,[60] though she later retracted this and said she noticed a slight attraction between them in Deathly Hallows.[61] Some couples, besides Harry and Ginny and Ron and Hermione, have been explicitly stated in the series: Bill Weasley and Fleur Delacour are married in Deathly Hallows after dating throughout Half-Blood Prince.[62] In Half-Blood Prince, Nymphadora Tonks keeps her feelings for Remus Lupin to herself, but remains depressed when he refuses her advances; he feels that his being a werewolf would not create a safe relationship.[63] Tonks professes her love for him at the end of the book, and she and Lupin have been married by the beginning of Deathly Hallows and have a son 'Teddy' later in the book.[64] Other couples, such as Harry and Draco, or Lupin and Sirius Black, are favorites among fans who read fan fiction about them.[46][47]
Roleplaying games
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/MuggleQuidditch.jpg/270px-MuggleQuidditch.jpg)
Roleplaying is a central feature of the Harry Potter fandom. There are two primary forms: internet-based roleplay and live-action roleplay, or LARP.
LARPing often involves re-enacting or creating an original Quidditch team. Match rules and style of play vary among fandom events, but they are generally kept as close as possible to the sport envisioned by Rowling. The 2006 Lumos symposium included a Quidditch tournament played in water.[65] More common are ground-based games such as the handball style developed by USA Team Handball and featured at the MuggleNet-sponsored Spellbound event, as well as the Muggle Quidditch style played intramurally at Millikin University (at left).[66]
Internet-based roleplay tries to simulate the Hogwarts experience. Most sites are forum-based, which usually emphasise taking classes taught by staff members in order for the players to earn points for their respective houses. Some internet-based roleplay sites go more in depth into canon and storylines, and do not specifically rely on posting as the only method for gaining house points.
Other sites use modified versions of phpBB that allow for a certain level of interactive roleplaying and are what is commonly referred to as "forum-based roleplaying". Interactive gaming can include player versus player features, a form of currency for making purchases in stores, and non-player characters such as monsters that must be fought to gain levels and experience points. However, these features are more prevalent in games that are not forum-based. Advancement in such games is usually dependent on live chat, multiplayer cooperation, and fighting as opposed to taking classes or simply posting to earn points for one's "house"; like at Hogwarts, players in forum-based games are sometimes sorted into a different group distinguishing different values within a person.
Wizard rock
Wizard rock is a musical movement dating from 2002 that consists of at least 200 bands made up of young musicians, playing songs about Harry Potter.[67][68] The movement started in Massachusetts with Harry and the Potters, though has grown internationally.[69][70] The lyrics are usually humorous and simple, and many bands write songs from the point of view of a particular character in the books, usually the character who features in the band's name. If they are performing live, they may also cosplay, or dress as, that character.[71] Though most fans of the music are previous fans of Harry Potter, some bands have attracted listeners outside of the Harry Potter fanbase.[72]
In contrast to mainstream bands that have some songs incorporating literary references among a wider repertoire of music (notably Led Zeppelin to The Lord of the Rings[73]), wizard rock bands take their inspiration entirely from the Harry Potter universe.[71] In preserving the promotion of reading, too, bands like to perform in libraries, bookstores and schools.[74] The bands have also performed at the fan conventions.[75]
A full-length feature film project documenting the wizard rock movement, Wizard Rockumentary, is currently in production.[67]
Iconic landmarks tours
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Glenfinnan_Viaduct%2C_Scotland.jpg/200px-Glenfinnan_Viaduct%2C_Scotland.jpg)
Some travel agencies have organized a subdivision to create tours specifically highlighting iconic landmarks in the world of Harry Potter. HP Fan Trips, offered by Beyond Boundaries Travel since 2004 in conjunction with fan site HPANA,[76][77] was designed by and for fans of the series, and tours noteworthy Potter-related locations in the United Kingdom, including Scotland.[78] Since 2004, they have exclusively chartered steam locomotive #5972 Olton Hall, the train used in the films as the Hogwarts Express, as well as the carriages labeled as such and seen in the movies.[79] The travel agency Your Man in Europe began hosting Magical Tours in 2006, in conjunction with fan site MuggleNet.[80] They offer four different tours through England and Scotland.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Alnwick_Castle_-_Northumberland_-_140804.jpg/250px-Alnwick_Castle_-_Northumberland_-_140804.jpg)
These tours primarily feature locations used for shooting in the films, though some trips include a Chinese restaurant in Edinburgh, which was once Nicholson's Cafe, where Rowling wrote much of the manuscript for Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, and Edinburgh Castle, where Rowling read from the sixth book on the night of its release to an audience of children.[81][77] Filming locations visited include Alnwick Castle, where some exterior locations of Hogwarts are shot, places in Fort William, Scotland; Glen Nevis, Scotland; the Glenfinnan viaduct; and Christ Church Cathedral in Oxford.[77][82]
See also
Notes
- ^ a b Hurd, Gordon (2007-03-20). "Fantastic Fiction". Yahoo!. Retrieved 2007-04-07.
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(help) - ^ "Harry Potter hits midnight frenzy". CNN. 2005-07-15. Retrieved 2007-01-15.
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(help) - ^ Rucker, Philip (2005-07-21). "The Magic Of 'Potter' Not Just For Kids". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-02-28.
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(help) - ^ Fierman, Daniel (2005-08-31). "Wild About Harry". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2007-03-04.
When I buy the books for my grandchildren, I have them all gift wrapped but one...that's for me. And I haven't been 12 for over 50 years.
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(help) - ^ "Harry Potter and Me". BBC. 2001-12-28. Retrieved 2007-04-07.
Dear Mr. Little, I enclose a synopsis and sample chapters of a book intended for children aged 9–12.
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(help) - ^ Tucker, Ernest (1999-10-22). "No end in sight for Pottermania" (reprint). Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
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(help) - ^ Simmons, Matthew (2005-07-16). "Midnight magic for Potter fans". The Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2007-01-15.
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(help) - ^ "Entertainment's Top Moments". Entertainment Weekly. 2005-08-31. Retrieved 2007-03-14.
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(help) - ^ Alston, Joshua (2007-03-12). "Camp Deathly Hallows?". Newsweek. Retrieved 2007-03-04.
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(help) - ^ Weisberger, Lauren (2003). The Devil Wears Prada. New York City: Broadway Books. p. 79. ISBN 0-7679-1476-7.
- ^ "Potter book five: on sale on 21 June". BBC Newsround. 2003-01-15. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
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(help) - ^ Memmott, Carol (2005-07-13). "Rumors run wild about 'Harry'". USA Today. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
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(help) - ^ Bennett, Howard J. (2003-10-30). "Hogwarts Headaches — Misery for Muggles". New England Journal of Medicine. 349 (18). Retrieved 2007-04-16.
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(help) - ^ Nagourney, Eric. "Safety: With Harry Potter, Injuries Dip Like Magic". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
- ^ Grunier, Stephanie (2000-12-20). "Warner Bros. claims Harry Potter sites" (reprint). Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
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- ^ a b Italie, Hillel (2007-04-11). "Potter sites wild about Harry". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2007-04-13.
- ^ a b Rowling, J. K. "Section: Fan Sites". J. K. Rowling Official Site. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. "Section: Fan Sites: Immeritus". J. K. Rowling Official Site. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
- ^ "J. K. Rowling Official Site: Timeline". The Harry Potter Lexicon. Retrieved 2006-01-02.
- ^ "Godricshollow.org". Retrieved 2006-01-09.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. "Section: Fan Sites: The Harry Potter Lexicon". J. K. Rowling Official Site. Retrieved 2006-01-02.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. "Section: Fan Sites: MuggleNet". J. K. Rowling Official Site. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. "Section: Fan Sites: HPANA". J. K. Rowling Official Site. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. "Section: Fan Sites: The Leaky Cauldron". J. K. Rowling Official Site. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. (2003-06-26). "JKR at Royal Albert Hall" (QuickTime). The Leaky Cauldron. Retrieved 2007-01-09.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. "Section: Fan Sites: Potterish.com". J. K. Rowling Official Site. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. "Section: Fan Sites: Harry Potter Fan Zone.com". J. K. Rowling Official Site. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
- ^ Anelli, Melissa. "A Brief (Believe it or Not) History of the Leaky Cauldron". The Leaky Cauldron. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
- ^ Tynion, Julie (2006-12-23). "Fan Art Contest - Design a "Deathly Hallows" Book Cover". The Leaky Cauldron. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
- ^ Arthur, Charles and Jack Shofield (2006-01-12). "Short shrift". The Guardian. Retrieved 2007-01-21.
- ^ "Book corner: Secrets of Podcasting". Apple Inc. 2005-09-08. Retrieved 2007-01-31.
- ^ "Mugglenet.com Taps Limelight's Magic for Podcast Delivery of Harry Potter Content". PR Newswire. 2005-11-08. Retrieved 2007-01-31.
- ^ Anelli, Melissa (2006-08-15). "PotterCast Voted Best Entertainment Podcast at Podcast Awards". The Leaky Cauldron. Retrieved 2007-02-27.
- ^ Sims, Andrew (2006-10-02). "MuggleCast wins Peoples Choice Award". MuggleNet. Retrieved 2007-02-27.
- ^ "MuggleCast: About". MuggleCast. Retrieved 2007-01-31.
- ^ "MuggleCast EP1 Transcript". MuggleCast. 2005-08-07. Retrieved 2007-01-31.
- ^ "MuggleCast Episodes 1 - 10". MuggleCast. Retrieved 2007-02-27.
- ^ a b "PotterCast is the Harry Potter podcast brought to you by The Leaky Cauldron". PotterCast. Retrieved 2007-02-27.
- ^ a b "Rowling backs Potter fan fiction". BBC. 2004-05-27. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
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(help) - ^ "FanFiction.Net : Books". FanFiction.Net. Retrieved 2007-02-03.
- ^ "A Bit About FictionAlley". FictionAlley. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
- ^ Jurgensen, John (2007-09-16). "Rewriting the Rules of Fiction". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
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(help) - ^ "Potter fans produce Potter fiction". HPANA. 2003-06-18. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
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(help) - ^ Pauli, Michelle (2002-12-05). "Fan fiction". The Guardian. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
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(help) - ^ a b c Noxon, Christopher (2001-11-18). "Pottershots: The trouble with Harry". San Francisco Chronicle. p. D3. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
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(help) - ^ a b Cadwalladr, Carole (2006-08-06). "Harry Potter and the mystery of an academic obsession". The Guardian. Retrieved 2007-07-27.
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(help) - ^ VanderArk, Steve (2006-11-24). "The Lexicon Visits The Magic Factory (part one)". The Harry Potter Lexicon. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
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(help) - ^ "Accio Schedule of Events". Accio 2005. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
- ^ "Lumos 2006: Academic Programming". Lumos 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
- ^ "Sectus 2007". Sectus Ltd. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
- ^ Anelli, Melissa (2007-05-01). "Prophecy Announces Keynote Speakers". The Leaky Cauldron. Retrieved 2007-05-01.
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(help) - ^ a b "Lumos 2006: Programming - Schedule". Lumos 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
- ^ a b c Chonin, Neva (2005-08-03). "If you're an obsessed Harry Potter fan, Voldemort isn't the problem. It's Hermione versus Ginny". San Francisco Chronicle. p. E1. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
- ^ a b Anelli, Melissa (2005-07-16). "The Leaky Cauldron and MuggleNet interview Joanne Kathleen Rowling: Part Two". Accio Quote!. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Harry and Hermione are destined for each other". Petition Spot. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
- ^ a b Spartz, Emerson (2005-07-20). "THE INTERVIEW! Part two". MuggleNet. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
- ^ "The Wall of Shame Special Edition: Shippers". MuggleNet. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
- ^ "Possible Couples". MuggleNet. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. "Luna and Neville will hook up in HP&THBP". J. K. Rowling Official Site. Retrieved 2007-01-14.
- ^ Brown, Jen (2007-07-25). "Finished Potter? Rowling tells what happened next". MSNBC. Retrieved 2007-07-26.
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(help) - ^ Rowling, J. K. (2007). Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (in English). London: Bloomsbury/New York City: Scholastic, et. al. UK ISBN 0747591059/US ISBN 0545010225, chapter 8.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. (2005). Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (in English). London: Bloomsbury/New York City: Scholastic, et. al. UK ISBN 0747581088/US ISBN 0439784549, chapter 29.
- ^ Rowling, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, chapter 1.
- ^ "Water Quidditch". Lumos 2006. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
- ^ "Spellbound!". MuggleNet. 2005-06-06. Retrieved 2006-06-29.
- ^ a b Brady, Shaun (2006-11-28). "Yule Ball rolls into Philly". The Philadelphia Daily News. Retrieved 2007-02-27.
- ^ Humphries, Rachel (2007-07-13). "Harry Potter 'Wrockers' Conjure Musical Magic". ABC News. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
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(help) - ^ Loftus, Meghan (2007-07-20). "Wizard Rock". The Post-Standard. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
- ^ Davies, Shaun (2007-07-20). "The unexpected wizards of rock and roll". MSN. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
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(help) - ^ a b Sweeney, Emily (2004-09-16). "Sibling musicians bring out the 'punk' in Harry Potter". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2007-01-26.
- ^ Rose, Lacey (2005-07-13). "Wizard Rock". Forbes. Retrieved 2007-01-26.
- ^ Gleason, Janelle (2007-01-04). "Four reasons you should raid your parents' music collection". Fort Wayne News Sentinel. Retrieved 2007-01-26.
- ^ "Harry and the Potters: The Band". Harry and the Potters. Retrieved 2007-02-27.
- ^ Traister, Rebecca (2007-06-01). "Potterpalooza". Salon.com. Retrieved 2007-08-09.
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(help) - ^ "About HP Fan Trips™". HP Fan Trips™. Retrieved 2007-04-21.
- ^ a b c Sachs, Andrea (2006-12-31). "On Holiday With Harry Potter". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-04-21.
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(help) - ^ Hobica, George (2007-03-18). "Firm conjures up a host of Harry Potter-theme tours". Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL). p. 2.
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suggested) (help) - ^ "HP Fan Trips™ 2007 Exclusive Train Ride". HP Fan Trips. Retrieved 2007-04-21.
- ^ "2007 MuggleNet, Magical Tours, and Alivan's CONTEST RULES". Magical Tours. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
- ^ McAloon, Catherine (2005-07-15). "Lucky fans hear J.K. Rowling read at Edinburgh castle". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 2007-04-21.
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(help) - ^ "Harry Potter video". BBC. Retrieved 2007-04-21.
References
"Fan Site Award" winners
- Godric's Hollow as of 2004-06-05, 13:51:45, as recorded in the Internet Archive
- Harry Potter Fan Zone
- The Harry Potter Lexicon
- HPANA
- Immeritus
- MuggleNet
- Potterish
- The Leaky Cauldron
Conventions
- Nimbus, July 2003 - Orlando, Florida
- Accio, July 2005 — University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Lumos, July 2006 — Las Vegas, Nevada
- Phoenix Rising, May 2007 — New Orleans, Louisiana
- Sectus, July 2007 — London, England
- Prophecy, August 2007 — Toronto, Canada
- Portus, July 2008 — Dallas, Texas
- Accio, July 2008 — Magdalen College, Oxford
- Terminus, August 2008 — Chicago, Illinois
Podcasts
Wizard rock
Iconic landmarks tours
Miscellaneous
- Dumbledore is Not Dead, an essay referenced by both podcasts and Rowling