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Ahmed Khadr

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Ahmed Said Khadr
Ahmed Khadr, in Pakistan in 1995
BornMarch 1, 1948
Egypt
DiedOctober 2, 2003
FATA, Pakistan
NationalityCanadian
Other namesAbu Abdurahman Khadr al-Kanadi
Alma materUniversity of Ottawa
EmployerHuman Concern International
SpouseMaha Elsamnah
ChildrenZaynab, Abdullah, Abdurahman, Ibrahim, Omar, Abdulkareem, Maryam
Parent(s)Mohamed Zaki Khadr
Munira Osman
Signature

An Egyptian-Canadian aid worker and patriarch of the Khadr family, Ahmed Said Khadr (أحمد سعيد خضر) (March 1, 1948 – October 2, 2003) had close ties to a number of militant and Mujahideen leaders, including Osama bin Laden, which saw him accused of being a "senior associate" and financier of al-Qaeda, while his family insisted that he maintained the contacts to help his charity work.[1][2] As Mohammad Mahjoub defended himself to Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) questions in 1998, "Everyone knows Khadr".[3]

Khadr worked with a number of charitable non-governmental organizations (NGOs) serving Afghan refugees. He set up two orphanages for children whose parents had been killed in the Soviet invasion, and funded the construction of Makkah Mukarama Hospital in Afghanistan with his own savings.[4][5][6] The Canadian government had considered him the country's highest-ranking member of al-Qaeda,[7] and the United Kingdom had his name added to a United Nations list of al-Qaeda members in 1999.[8]

Canadian attorney Dennis Edney has challenged the tendency to simply assume Khadr was a member of al-Qaeda stating that he would "be really interested in obtaining one piece of evidence that would show indeed that Mr. Khadr was actually a terrorist. To me, it's just folklore."[9]

His Canadian Imam Ali Hindy spoke after his death, saying "I don't think that he was al-Qaeda, but I think he felt that now he became part of Afghanistan."[10] His friends described him as being "proud of [being a] Canadian citizen",[10] while politicians and media have suggested that he disliked the country.[11] Following his death, his family moved back to Canada where they remain today.

Early life

Born in Egypt to Mohamed Zaki Khadr and Munira Osman, Khadr later delighted in telling how his father had been asked by Munira's father to investigate a potential suitor, and had reported back that the man seemed unsuitable. He was subsequently invited to a dinner with the family, as a show of the father's appreciation - and fell in love with Munira himself.[12]

Raised in Shubra El-Kheima, Khadr was a shy child with a speech impediment and frequently stayed at the house of his much older half-brother Ahmed Fouad.[12] When Fouad left for the United States in the 1970s, Khadr asked his father if he could follow - but was forbidden. Planning the move behind his father's back, Khadr moved to Montreal, Canada in 1975.[12]

After a few months in Montreal, Khadr moved to Toronto, before being accepted at the University of Ottawa to study Computer Programming. It was in Ottawa that he met Qasem Mahmud, the founder of Camp Al-Mu-Mee-Neen in Creemore, Ontario. Anxious to settle down and begin a family, the secular 29-year old volunteered to help at the camp. There he met Maha Elsamnah, who was impressed by his calmness and thought he was a good listener. Mahmud later described their meeting as "love at first sight".[12]

Marriage and travel

Khadr at his Toronto wedding.

Ahmed and Maha married in November at Jami Mosque in Toronto.[12] In May 1978, the couple moved to Ottawa so Ahmed could finish his studies. In 1979, Maha gave birth to Zaynab.[12]

Khadr joined the Muslim Students Association at the university and came to agree with their notions of Sharia law, and became a vocal advocate of Islamic rule for his native Egypt.[12]

While Ahmed was employed at Bell Northern Research, Maha gave birth to Abdullah in 1981, while Ahmed was writing his Masters Thesis, entitled "Development of a CSSL interface to GASP IV".[13] The following year, Ahmed was offered a position at the Gulf Polytechnique University in Bahrain, where he hoped to become a professor.[12] Believing Canadian culture was a corrupting influence, he accepted the position.[14]

In 1982, Maha gave birth to Abdurahman. Disappointed to find Western influences in Bahrain, Ahmed became captivated by the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and began to feel guilty about his relative wealth and comfort, compared to the Muslim widows and orphans in Afghanistan.[12]

Ignoring the arguments of Azzam Tamimi, an Islamic academic living in Bahrain at the time, Ahmed insisted that he had no intentions of helping to fight the Soviets, only of helping the victims of the invasion.[12]

Through 1983 and 1984, the family remained in Bahrain while the children were in school, and during the summer holidays Ahmed would travel to Pakistan while his wife took the three children back home to Scarborough, Canada where they lived with Maha's parents.[12]

Time spent between Pakistan and Canada

During his 1984 summer in Pakistan, Ahmed decided to join Lajnat al Dawa, a Kuwaiti-run relief organisation seeking volunteers to help with Afghan refugees living in Pakistan.[12][15] He flew back to Toronto in December with his family, to explain his decision to Maha's parents. Returning briefly to Bahrain, the family stopped in Kuwait to meet the charity's organisers. By January, they had settled down in a second-floor apartment above the Kuwait Red Crescent Society's offices in Peshawar, Pakistan.[12]

While in Pakistan, Ahmed became increasingly known by the kunya name Abu Abdurahman al-Kanadi (Father of Abdurahman, the Canadian), due to a misunderstanding among the community about which of his sons was eldest.[12] Refusing to abandon his western clothing, Ahmed frequently took care of the children while Maha volunteered at the Red Crescent hospital.[12]

During his time in Pakistan, Khadr met with journalist Eric Margolis several times, who later recalled that Khadr was a "man of respect" in the city, and seemed "entirely humanitarian and not ideological at all".[12] The family would frequently return to Canada, several times a year, visiting family while Ahmed became known as "a hero...making impassioned pleas for Afghanistan", garnering donations for his charitable work, giving speeches at mosques and community events.[12]

During one of the visits back to Toronto, on July 6, 1985, Maha gave birth to the couple's fourth child, Ibrahim. Diagnosed with a congenital heart defect, he was transferred to the city's Hospital for Sick Children for surgery. Three months later, the family returned to Peshawar.[12]

That year, Khadr met Abdullah Anas, an Algerian who had helped fight the Soviets in northern Afghanistan. Anas would later describe Khadr as "not a man of fighting, not a man of jihad, just a man of charity work aid".[12] He also became acquainted with Abdul Rasul Sayyaf, the founder of the Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan and a Mujahideen warlord with whom Khadr would later nurture a close relationship.[12]

Returning to Toronto in the summer of 1986, Ibrahim underwent more surgery, and on September 19 Maha gave birth to Omar. Six days later, the 39-year old Khadr was featured in the Toronto Star decrying the lack of attention being paid to the plight of Afghanistan. He condemned the Soviets for cluster bomblets and landmines disguised to look like brightly-coloured toys, which encouraged children to pick up the munitions off the ground, often at the cost of their limbs.[16]

In the autumn, the family returned to Peshawar, where Ahmed met Ayman al-Zawahiri,[12] a doctor who had been convicted for arms dealing five years earlier,[17] and now worked in the Red Crescent hospital treating wounded refugees. The two quickly became friends, and had many conversations about the need for Islamic government and the needs of the Afghan people.[12]

In 1987, Khadr convinced his wife to let her parents take care of their sickly son Ibrahim in Scarborough, claiming that she could help a hundred Afghan children in Peshawar by sending one of their children back to Scarborough Hospital for care.[12] He would often praise the bravery of the fighters in the Battle of Jaji to his children, but never suggested that he had participated.[12]

In January 1988, Maha returned to Toronto with Omar to look after Ibrahim so her parents could visit relatives in the Middle East. He became sick during the visit, and was rushed to Centenary Hospital and later to Hospital for Sick Children where he was pronounced brain dead the following morning.[12] A couple of years later Ahmed found The Adventures of Tintin, a favourite book of his childhood, at an Islamabad marketplace. The younger Khadrs developed a love of the series, and Omar would often quote the Captain Haddock character, eliciting laughter from the family.[12]

That year, Ahmed joined Human Concern International full-time, a Canadian-based charity operating in Peshawar with whom he had been cooperating.[18] The charity had come under scrutiny that year after Osama bin Laden told an interviewer that "The bin Laden Establishment's aid covers 13 countries...this aid comes in particular from the Human Concern International Society"[19] Ahmed was suspected of using the charity to move money from Pakistan into Afghanistan unnoticed.[20] Under his leadership, the Hope Village Orphanage was created by HCI in Akora Khattak,[21] and a number of unemployed refugees were given work repairing damage at the Khost airfield[22] and gained the support of the World Food Program,[22] and a $325,000 donation from the Canadian International Development Agency.[23]

Not long after, Anas spoke to Abdullah Azzam about the need to ensure Muslim help reached northern Afghanistan, and not just that of Western NGOs.[12] Khadr was approached by Azzam, and was placed in charge of a new charity to be affiliated with the Muslim World League NGO.[5] Khadr also promised to help fundraise for a new Peshawar-based charity to be named al-Tahaddi (The Challenge), if Azzam would grant him a letter of endorsement to take back to Canadian mosques calling for donations.[12] When he returned to Peshawar however, Khadr accused Azzam of "confiscating"[24] the money he had raised, and spreading rumors that he was a Western spy. A Sharia court led by Jamal al-Fadl was convened in Osama bin Laden's compound, and Azzam was found guilty in absentia of spreading allegations against Khadr and ordered to turn the money back over to the charity for which it had been raised, though no further sentence was imposed.[24] When Azzam was killed in 1989, Khadr was among the mourners at his funeral, "visibly distraught".[12]

In 1989, Maha gave birth to a fifth son, Abdulkareem. Eight months after the end of the Soviet invasion, Khadr was profiled in the Toronto Star newspaper, pleading for Western aid to help Afghanistan rebuild, pointing to the highest child mortality rate in the world.[12] It was around this time that he began to eschew Western clothing, and adopted the kurta and pakul which had come to symbolise the Mujahideen.[12]

In September 1991, Khadr gave a fundraising lecture entitled Afghanistan: The Untold Story at the Markham Islamic Centre. Although nominally about the suffering of the widows and orphans in the wartorn country, he noticeably focused attention on the valor of the Mujahideen who had repelled the Soviets.[12]

Abdulkareem (left) and Omar (right).

The following year, Khadr sustained severe shrapnel wounds which tore apart his right side, puncturing his bladder and a kidney. The exact cause of the wounds is debated, Human Concern International maintains that Khadr was inside one of their refugee camps when he stepped on a landmine, while his son Abdurahman has said that he was hurt by a bomb during the ongoing battles between warlords.[12]

Unable to get proper medical care in Peshawar, he was taken to Karachi, but Maha convinced him to return to Toronto a month later, and he was admitted to Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. Although there were fears he'd never walk again, or his arm would require amputation, surgeon Terry Axelrod managed to treat Khadr successfully, and would later work the treatments into one of his medical lecture programmes.[12] His half-brother Ahmed Faoud came up from the United States to visit Khadr, who was growing restless with his long recovery time. [12]

Return to Pakistan

Three of the Khadr sons, Abdurahman (rear), Abdulkareem (middle) and Omar (foreground) in an apartment in Peshawar.

In the autumn of 1993, Khadr returned to Pakistan with his family, renting a comfortable house with its own garden in Hayatabad while he continued working with HCI despite his injuries. Carrying his own folding chair and walking with a limp, Khadr found his injuries a frustrating dehabilitation.[12]

Khadr loved rabbits, generally raised as game in Pakistan, and had brought a pair home as pets for his children, although Pistachio and Bandit quickly had offspring and Ahmed would frequently spend time in the backyard feeding and playing with the small animals. [12] Before leaving for Tajikstan in 1994, a young Ibn Al-Khattab gave Abdulkareem a rabbit of his own, which was promptly named Khattab. The rabbit's legs were injured during rough play with his youngest daughter Maryam, and the crippled Ahmed would often sit in the backyard, crying over it.[12]

Human Concern International had struggled with the year-long absence of Khadr's management, and had hired Abdullah Almalki from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, who was on sabbatical leave at the time of Khadr's return. The two managers clashed, as Khadr's work ethic had changed after his injury. He had become a demanding workaholic who began alienating his colleagues, and Almalki left his placement with HCI early, citing frustration with Khadr.[12] Khadr's eldest son, Abdullah later confided in his father that he was not spending enough time with his family, due to his time and efforts towards the local orphanages, leading Khadr to respond "You're living okay. You have your father, you have your mother" and adding that he would serve as the parental figure for orphans, angering his son.[25]

Maintaining his connections with regional warlords, Khadr was furious at their in-fighting which he felt was invalidating the Mujahideen success in driving out the Soviets.[12] Believing in the need for an Islamic government, he would instill his children with a belief in the nobility and rewards of martyrdom, talking about his personal concept of Jannah involving waterfalls and rare white elephants, and laughing that Canada should become an Islamic country because the CN Tower already resembled a minaret.[12]

In 1994, he sent his two oldest sons, Abdullah and Abdurahman to Khalden training camp.[12] He visited the camp only once himself after his sons were enrolled, to meet with Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi.[26] His payments to the camp's directors has led to charges that he is a terrorist financier.

At an undefined point after his return to Pakistan, he renovated an abandoned building that had previously used by the KhAD secret police to be used for his charity, but once it was refurbished, the government announced they would re-take control of the building. An angry Khadr wrote a letter to Taliban leader Mullah Omar, complaining that he had rebuilt the structure and should at least be compensated for the money he spent in fixing it.[6] He clashed with the Taliban again when they objected to the fact he had opened a school for girls, who were not allowed to receive an education under Taliban law.[12][6]

Maha (Abdulkareem in arms), Omar, Zaynab, Abdurahman (facing camera) and Maryam (foreground) in Islamabad while Ahmed was in prison.

In July 1995, Khadr arranged for his daughter Zaynab to marry an Egyptian man named Khalid Abdullah, "an Egyptian guest of the Taliban"[27] from the Sudan,[22] in December, and Maha began preparing an apartment for the couple in the family's house.[12] Abdullah lived with the family for two months, "like a trial engagement".[22]

On November 19 Ayman al-Zawahiri carried out an attack on the Egyptian Embassy in Pakistan, and the suitor Ahmed had arranged for his daughter went into hiding, named as one of the conspirators.[12] A warrant was sworn for Khadr's arrest eight days later, after it was announced that a Sudanese man staying with the family had purchased one of the vehicles used in the attack.[28][29] Two dozen Pakistani went to his house on November 27 at approximately 23:00H,[30] but he was still in Afghanistan and had been there since before the attacks. Maha barricaded the door, while the 15-year old Zaynab took her father's rifle and held it over her head screaming.[12] The police managed to enter, and took his wife, three children and in-laws who were visiting from Canada, into custody while they searched the house,[30] seizing $10,000[31] $29,000[22] or $40,000[32] in cash from the home. While he insisted the money was to pay the salaries of HCI workers, others alleged he had used HCI to launder money eventually used to finance the attack.[33][34] His wife and children were released shortly after the raid, while his in-laws were held for a month before being released.[30]

Stories disagree whether Ahmed was arrested on December 3 at the border crossing back into Pakistan, or if he had returned to his home the previous day and gone to the police station to lodge a complaint about the raid, and been arrested.[31] He was charged with aiding terrorism, and faced the death penalty.[35]

He launched a hunger strike and was interviewed in hospital, proclaiming he was innocent and that his work consisted solely of charitable work to provide food and schooling to Afghan orphans. Suffering from a urinary tract infection due to weight loss, he claimed that he had been targeted simply because of his Egyptian background.[30]

His plight caught the attention of the Canadian Arab Federation and the Jewish Civil Rights Educational Foundation of Canada, the latter of whom wrote to Pakistan urging that Khadr be afforded a fair trial, and expressing their concern "about unfair and unnecessary hardship placed on individuals like Khadr" in Pakistan's efforts to combat terrorism.[30] The Canadian-Muslim Civil Liberties Association similarly gathered a petition of 800 signatures and presented it to both Canadian and Pakistani officiails, and Human Concern International executive director Kaleem Akhtar echoed his certainty that Khadr was not involved in the blast, stating that "politics was not his cup of tea", and HCI subsequently started a legal defence fund for Khadr.[30]

As Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien happened to then be visiting Pakistan, he mentioned the matter to Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, who promised "fair trial and fair treatment". Lacking evidence to suggest Khadr was involved in the bombing, Pakistan dropped their charges and released Khadr in March.[36] Upon returning to Canada, Khadr kissed the ground.[37]

Human Concern International issued a statement in December, stating that Khadr and his colleague Helmy el-Sharief no longer worked for the organisation.[22]

Khadr's identity card from HEP.

In 1996, the Pakistani press accused HCI's Peshawar office of being made up of Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya members, who supported the overthrow of the secular Egyptian government in favour of a Sharia state.[38]

Khadr then founded his own charity, Health & Education Projects International[39] which was located in the Kart-e-Parwan district of Kabul and listed the Canadian Salahedin Mosque as a partner.[40] American prosecutors have alleged the new group, while collecting $70,000 in donations, supported Afghan training camps.[41][42][43][18] In July, Khadr met with bin Laden for the first time, as the latter was beginning construction on a large house.[44]

In 1997 while living in the Pathan district of Peshawar,[22] Khadr began visiting Nazim Jihad, bin Laden's family home in Jalalabad.[45] In September, the Khadrs moved into a 3-room house owned by Zaffar Rehman, to whom they paid $100 monthly rent.[22] At an unspecified time during his life in Pakistan, Khadr made use of his Masters' Degree and provided computer training and systems "for the government employees from 14 departments".[6]

In May 1998, Essam Marzouk and Mohammed Zeki Mahjoub were also introduced to each other at the home of Khadr's in-laws while he was in town.[23] Also that year, Mahmoud Jaballah met Khadr, having invited him to share a cup of tea and discuss their mutual experiences in Peshawar, Pakistan after Khadr's mother-in-law took his wife grocery shopping.[46][47][48] At some point, Mohammad Harkat met Khadr in Ottawa and the two of them shared a van back to Toronto. Harkat claims that he met Khadr through his roommate Mohamed El Barseigy, and that Khadr was silent during most of the trip,[49] and his only advice to Harkat was "tell the truth to immigration authorities". [50] Harkat and Jaballah would both later be jailed on security certificates which cited their contact with Khadr as a factor in their detention.[51][52][53]

In June 1998,[22] Khadr moved his family into Nazim Jihad for approximately a month before bin Laden moved to a new home and didn't invite the Khadrs to accompany him.[45]

"[HEPI] concentrates its efforts on serving the vulnerable people of the Afghanistan, namely the orphans, widows and disabled...The price of one sheep is $100 Canadian, and the price for a share of cow is $45 Canadian"

Ahmed Khadr, letter appealing for help on HEPI website[54]

That year, Pakistan renewed its claims that Khadr was involved in the embassy bombing, accused him of money laundering and smuggling and suggested he may have been connected to the year's simultaneous bombings of American embassies.[22]

Reports suggest that when Pakistani forces stormed the apartment of an Algerian named Abu Elias in Lahore, Khadr was actually present but was either not recognised by the troops, or allowed to leave.[55]

In 1999, Khadr met with bin Laden again to try and mitigate hostilities between bin Laden, the Taliban and warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, whom Ahmed Said had recently met in Iran.[45] That year, the United Kingdom submit his name to be put on a United Nations list of individuals believed to finance terrorism, but refused to share any evidence with Canadian officials. He was subsequently sanctioned, and UN states were forbidden from commerce with him.[54]

In January 2001, Khadr's name was added to a United Nations list of individuals who supported terrorism associated with Bin Laden.[56]

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Later that year, Egyptian forces surrounded Khadr's house in Peshawar, and requested that Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence forces offer assistance in capturing the man they still believed had knowledge of the Embassy bombing in Islamabad. Instead, the ISI contacted the Taliban, who sent a diplomatic car to pick up Khadr and bring him into Afghanistan.[57]

Immediately following the September 11, 2001 attacks, the United States issued a 22-page statement that Khadr was "wanted in connection with the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center and Pentagon".[4] On October 13, the United States froze Khadr's assets.[58]

"Mr. Speaker, Ahmed Al-Kadr was named by the United Nations as a terrorist. He is a close associate of Osama bin Laden. He is a suspect in the September 11 terrorist attacks. Mr. Al-Kadr is now in Afghanistan allegedly working for a Toronto based group called Health and Education Project International. Human Concern International, Mr. Al-Kadr's former front organization for terrorist fundraising, has had its assets frozen not by this government but by the governments of the United States and the United Kingdom. Why has this government not frozen the assets of either of these organizations?"

— Brian Pallister, House of Commons, 9/15/2001.[59]

When the Taliban deserted Kabul several weeks later,[5] Bin Laden approached Khadr and asked him to join the Mujahideen Shura.[5] In April 2002 it was believed that he had fled Nangarhar to Paktia, along with Mullah Kabir[60] When his second son, Abdurahman was taken prisoner by the Northern Alliance in November,[61] he sent a request to have his son freed since he had helped the Alliance in the past, but was told that unless he could pay a $10,000 ransom then Abdurahman would be turned over to the Americans. Lacking the money, Khadr asked his eldest son Abdullah to not tell his mother about Abdurahman's capture, and only insist that he was "missing", rather than captured.[25]

In 2003, he was asked to organise militants operating near the border of Shagai, Pakistan, and subsequently asked his son Abdullah and Hamza al-Jowfi to help him procure weapons.[62][12] He clashed with Abdul Hadi al Iraqi, arguing that guerilla tactics would prove more useful than front line battle.[12]

Death

On October 2, 2003, Khadr, his son Abdulkareem, al-Jowfi, al-Iraqi, Khalid Habib and Qari Ismail were all staying at a South Waziristan safe house. The following day, after Fajr prayers, Khadr told his son that Pakistani troops had warned a raid was scheduled in the village, and told him to start moving.[12] A few minutes later, a Pakistani helicopter team and hundreds of security forces attacked the village,[63] and Abdulkareem lay down in a ditch but was shot in the spine, paralyzing him from the waist down.[12] The 17-year old Khalid Murjan Salim was arrested at the scene, the son of alleged militant Murjan Salim, and extradited to Egypt shortly thereafter.[64][65]

Initial reports were varied, Pakistan initially reported that Khadr had escaped hours before the raid.[66] Other reports suggested that rumors of his death may have been staged to escape investigators, but they met with little credence from experts.[10] Early reports said that it was a joint American-Pakistani operation, while later reports denied American involvement.[67]

Reports said that 12 "al-Qaeda and Taliban members" were killed in the raid on the "armed encampment", including Hasan Mahsum,[68][10] and that two al-Qaeda members had been captured.[66] Khadr's name was not included in any of the lists of deceased published in local media, and the captured Abdulkareem was unable to identify his father among the photos of corpses later presented to him.[6] Three weeks after the attack, Pakistan was still reporting that he had escaped the raid and that they had been conducting house-to-house searches for him,[69][70] although they spoke of having killed a "high ranking" al-Qaeda member in the attack with a bounty on his head.[71]

In late December, Maha had attorney Hashmat Ali Habib file a petition to the Supreme Court of Pakistan asking for details about whether her husband and son were killed or captured in the operation.[6][72]

It was finally reported in January, three months after the operation, that his DNA had been matched to a body found just outside the doorway and he was indeed killed in the attack, leading his family to request the return of his body for burial in Canada.[12][73][74] Arab News reported that he had only been killed in January, following another Pakistani strike in Wana, after successfully escaping the October firefight.[75]

Canadian investigation of Khadr

Khadr's Canadian property was raided by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police as part of Project O Canada in January 2002.[9] There was also reference to a "seized photograph" that showed Khadr standing alongside an anti-aircraft gun along with Afghan Mujahideen.[37]

In 2002, Abul-Dahab told Egyptian interrogators that he had funded the bombing of the Egyptian embassy, on orders from bin Laden, and had transferred money from a Californian bank account to Pakistan to finance the attack.[30]

In July 2003, the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress stated that Khadr's last known whereabouts were in Afghanistan in November 2001.[76]

Civil lawsuit

Judge Paul Cassells

Sgt. Layne Morris and Sgt. Speer's widow Tabitha, both represented by Donald Winder[77] launched a joint civil suit against the estate of Khadr - claiming that the father's failure to control Omar resulted in the loss of Speers' life and Morris' right eye. Since American law doesn't allow civil lawsuits against "acts of war", Speer and Morris relied on the argument that Omar throwing a grenade was an act of terrorism, rather than war. Utah District Judge Paul Cassell gaving his ruling on February 17, 2006, awarding $102.6 million in damages, approximately $94 million to Speer and $8 million to Morris[78] in what he said likely marks the first time terrorist acts have resulted in civil liabilities.[79] It has been suggested that the plaintiffs might collect funds via the U.S. Terrorism Risk Insurance Act,[80] but since the Federal government is not bound by civil rulings, it has refused to release Khadr's frozen assets.[81]

Legacy

On February 7, 2008, it was reported that a biography of Khadr was published on an "al Qaeda web-site" as part of an on-line book entitled "Book of 120 Martyrs in Afghanistan."[11][82]

In Carolyn Layden-Stevenson's 2005 ruling rejecting Hassan Almrei's application for release, she quoted a confidential CSIS agent named only as P.G. as having testified about Khadr dying in 2004, when he actually died in 2003.[83]

References

  1. ^ Thorne, Stephen. Canadian Press, "Pakistan to release wounded Cdn", January 26 2004
  2. ^ Friscolanti, Michael. Macleans, "The house of Khadr, August 4 2006
  3. ^ CSIS interview of Mahjoub, October 5 1998, p. 2, para. 6.
  4. ^ a b Bell, Stewart. National Post, "FBI hunts for 'The Canadian': Former Ottawa man appears on primary list of suspected bin Laden associates", October 10, 2001
  5. ^ a b c d Template:Ar iconReview of "Book of 120 Martyrs in Afghanistan"
  6. ^ a b c d e f Bell, Stewart. National Post, "Khadrs Reveal Bin Laden Ties", January 24, 2004
  7. ^ RCMP allege clips of Bin Laden's voice on confiscated laptop, Canada Free Press, June 15, 2005
  8. ^ CBC News Indepth: Khadr
  9. ^ a b Kate Jaimet (December 8, 2006). "RCMP 9/11 dragnet targeted eldest Khadr: Patriarch identified as one of seven searched by police after attacks". Retrieved 2006-12-14. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |pub= ignored (|publisher= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ a b c d Bell, Stewart. "Muslim groups eulogize Khadr: But some say death might have been staged using a decoy", October 15, 2003
  11. ^ a b Stewart Bell (February 6, 2008). "Senior Khadr found Canada boring: book". National Post. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay Shephard, Michelle. Guantanamo's Child: The Untold Story of Omar Khadr. New York:John Wiley & Sons, 2008. ISBN 0470841176.
  13. ^ Bilkent University: Kataloglama Bilgisi
  14. ^ "Khadr patriarch disliked Canada, says al-Qaeda biography". CBC News. 2008-02-07. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  15. ^ Sageman, Marc. "Understanding Terror Networks", pp 112
  16. ^ Cahill, Jack. Toronto Star, "'Pretty toys' maiming Afghan kids", September 25 1986
  17. ^ Lawrence Wright, The Looming Tower, 2006 ISBN 9-375-41486-X
  18. ^ a b National Post Apologizes to Human Concern International, South Asia Partnership Canada, April 26, 2004
  19. ^ Burnett, et al. v. al Baraka Investment and Development Corp., et al, Jan. 18, 2005.
  20. ^ Farah, Joseph. World Net Daily, "Family of Canadian teen has extensive al-Qaeda ties", September 6 2002
  21. ^ Human Concern International, Rehabilitating and Reconstructing a Torn Land, Afghanistan
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Stackhouse, John. Globe and Mail, "Canadian sought for questioning in car bombing", September 5, 1998
  23. ^ a b Canadian Security Intelligence Service, Summary of the Security Intelligence Report concerning Mahmoud Jaballah, February 22, 2008.
  24. ^ a b Wright, Lawrence, "The Looming Tower", 2006
  25. ^ a b PBS, Interview with Abdullah Khadr, February 23 2004
  26. ^ Nasiri, Omar, Inside the Jihad: My Life with al Qaeda, a Spy's story, 2006
  27. ^ Center for Strategic and International Studies, Terrorism, Border Reform and Canada-United States Relations, April 4, 2002
  28. ^ Jeff Tietz (2006-08-10). "The Unending Torture of Omar Khadr". Rolling Stone. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ^ Statement of Richard A. Clarke, United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, October 22, 2003
  30. ^ a b c d e f g Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, "Canadian Relief Worker Held in Pakistan", Feb/Mar 1996. pp 103 Cite error: The named reference "report" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  31. ^ a b Lyon, Alistair. Reuters. "Canadian said held for Egyptian embassy blast", December 14, 1995
  32. ^ Krauss, Clifford. New York Times, "Canadian Teenager Held by U.S. in Afghanistan in Killing of American Medic", September 14, 2002
  33. ^ Smith, Charles R. Newsmax, "Canadian Prime Minister in Trouble", September 19, 2002
  34. ^ Getman, Ross E. "The Anthrax Letters: Summons to Conquest", 2001
  35. ^ Boston Globe, "Canadian charged in Pakistan blast", January 16 1996
  36. ^ Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, "Canadian Charity Claims Religious Discrimination", July/Aug 1999. pp 52
  37. ^ a b McLeon, Kagan. National Post, "One U.S. soldier was killed and four others injured in a fierce gun battle in a remote village in Afghanistan."
  38. ^ Central Intelligence Agency, Report on NGOs With Terror Links, 1996
  39. ^ Dept. of Industry, Canada Corporations Act File #240180-1, dissolved in December, 2005
  40. ^ Agency Coordinating Body For Afghan Relief, Kabul Directory, June 2004
  41. ^ Canadian Security Intelligence Service, Summary of the Security Intelligence Report concerning Mahmoud Jaballah
  42. ^ Bell, Stewart. National Post, "Khadr killed in gunfight: report", October 14, 2003
  43. ^ Wood, Sara, American Forces Press Service, U.S. Military Commissions to Resume This Week at Guantanamo,
  44. ^ Jacquard, Roland. "In the Name of Osama Bin Laden: Global Terrorism", 2002
  45. ^ a b c Hughes, Gregory T. Federal Bureau of Investigation, "Affidavit of Gregory T. Hughes", 2005
  46. ^ Bell, Stewart. National Post, "'A lot' of Canadians in al-Qaeda", August 1, 2004
  47. ^ Freeze, Colin. Globe and Mail, "I only buy and sell weapons for al-Qaeda", November 3 2006
  48. ^ Met top al-Qaeda figure just for tea, Egyptian says, Globe and Mail, May 26, 2006
  49. ^ Duffy, Andrew. Ottawa Citizen, "Ottawa man a terrorist, judge rules", March 23, 2005
  50. ^ Federal Court of Canada, Reasons for denial of bail to Mohamed Harkat
  51. ^ Jaballah denies terrorist training, Toronto Star, May 18, 2006
  52. ^ Duffy, Andrew. "The Case Against Harkat: CSIS is Sure the Man is an al-Qaeda Sleeper", December 21, 2002
  53. ^ Hanes, Allison. National Post, Jaballah admits he knew Khadr, May 19, 2006
  54. ^ a b Bell, Stewart. National Post, "UK intelligence ID'd Canadian as bin Laden aide", October 12, 2001
  55. ^ Template:Ar icon Son of Ahmed Said Khadr 'al-Kanadi': My father twice tried to convince me to become suicide bomber, June 17, 2004
  56. ^ Canadian Security Intelligence Service, Summary of the Security Intelligence Report concerning Mohammed Harkat
  57. ^ McGirk, Tim. Time Magazine, "Rogues No More?", April 29, 2002
  58. ^ Kahn, Joseph and Judith Miller. New York Times, THE ASSETS; U.S. FREEZES MORE ACCOUNTS; SAUDI AND PAKISTANI ASSETS CITED FOR TIES TO BIN LADEN, October 13 2001
  59. ^ 37th Parliament, 1st Session, Hansard #094
  60. ^ Gannon, Kathy. Associated Press, Warlord feuds hinder terror war, April 28 2002
  61. ^ Krauss, Clifford. New York Times, Canadian Teenager Held by U.S. in Afghanistan in Killing of American Medic, September 14 2002
  62. ^ Hughes, Gregory T. USA vs. Khadr affadavit, November 23, 2005
  63. ^ Musharraf, Pervez, "In the Line of Fire: A Memoir", 2006
  64. ^ al-Shafi'i, Muhammad. Al-Sharq al-Awsat. "Egypt received three sons of al-Qaida and al-Jihad leaders", Mary 19 2004
  65. ^ Amnesty International, Pakistan: Human rights ignored in the "war on terror", 2006
  66. ^ a b Tohid, Owais. Christian Science Monitor, "Tribesmen take cash, count 'blessings' from Al Qaeda", November 2003
  67. ^ BBC, Chinese militant 'shot dead', December 23 2003
  68. ^ President Pervez Musharraf - News & Events: Latest News & Events
  69. ^ CBS, U.S, Afghan Forces Kill Militants, October 28 2003
  70. ^ Fox News, Officials: Bin Laden Aide Escaped Pakistan Raid, October 17 2003
  71. ^ Associated Press, "Pakistan: Slain al-Qaida Member Likely High-Ranking", October 15, 2003
  72. ^ IRNA, "Family of missing al-Qaeda suspect wants information", December 30, 2003
  73. ^ CBC, "Khadr has right to burial in Canada: son", January 24 2004
  74. ^ CBC News, Canadian al-Qaeda suspect dead: Pakistan, January 24, 2004
  75. ^ Arab Nes, Pakistan Gears for Operation Against Al-Qaeda, Taleban, February 23 2004
  76. ^ Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, Asian Organized Crime and Terrorist Activity in Canada, 1999-2002, July 2003
  77. ^ CTV, "U.S. woman sues dead Khadr dad for $10 million", August 6 2004,
  78. ^ Template:Ar iconal-Vefagh News, "بريطانيا تلقي القبض على ممثلين من القاعدة", February 23 2006
  79. ^ GI injured in Afghan war wins lawsuit: Unique case: Court awards default judgment to man blinded in one eye, Salt Lake Tribune, February 16, 2006
  80. ^ Dawn House (June 14, 2007). "Judge clears way for wounded soldier to collect judgement against terrorist". Salt Lake Tribune. {{cite news}}: Text "urlhttp://www.sltrib.com/ci_6140530" ignored (help)
  81. ^ House, Dawn. Salt Lake Tribune, "Feds fight order to turn over terrorist funds", January 26 2008
  82. ^ "Khadr patriarch disliked Canada, says al-Qaeda biography". CBC News. February 7, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  83. ^ Layden-Stevenson, Justice. "Hassan Almrei and the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration and Solicitor General for Canada", "Reasons for Order and Order", December 5 2005

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