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For the video game, see Peter Jackson's King Kong: The Official Game of the Movie.
King Kong
Theatrical poster
Directed byPeter Jackson
Written byPeter Jackson
Fran Walsh
Philippa Boyens
Story:
Merian C. Cooper
Edgar Wallace
Produced byJan Blenkin
Carolynne Cunningham
Fran Walsh
Peter Jackson
StarringNaomi Watts
Jack Black
Adrien Brody
Thomas Kretschmann
Kyle Chandler
Jamie Bell
and Andy Serkis
CinematographyAndrew Lesnie
Edited byJamie Selkirk
Music byJames Newton Howard
Distributed byUniversal Pictures
Release dates
December 12, 2005 (2005-12-12)
December 13, 2005 (2005-12-13) (New Zealand)
December 14, 2005 (2005-12-14) (United States)
Running time
188 minutes
CountriesUnited States
New Zealand
LanguageEnglish
Budget$207 million
Box office$550,517,357

King Kong is a 2005 remake of the 1933 film of the same name directed by Peter Jackson and stars Naomi Watts, Jack Black and Adrien Brody. Andy Serkis, through performance capture, portrayed Kong.

The film's budget climbed from an initial US$150 million to a record-breaking $207 million. The film was released on December 14, 2005 and made an opening of $50.1 million. While the film performed lower than expectations, King Kong made domestic and worldwide grosses that eventually added up to $550 million,[1] becoming the fourth-highest grossing movie in Universal Pictures history. Strong DVD sales also added over $100 million to the grosses.[2] It also received positive reviews, with some considering it one of the all-round best movies of 2005, though it has been criticised for its length at three hours and eight minutes. It won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, Sound Mixing, and Sound Editing.

Plot

The film opens in New York City, 1933, during the Great Depression. Having lost her job as a vaudeville actress, Ann Darrow (Naomi Watts) is hired by troubled filmmaker Carl Denham (Jack Black) to star in his new movie with popular actor Bruce Baxter (Kyle Chandler). Darrow agrees when she learns her favorite playwright Jack Driscoll (Adrian Brody) is the screenwriter. As the SS Venture sails to mysterious Skull Island, Darrow and Driscoll fall in love. A warrant is out for Denham's arrest and Captain Englehorn (Thomas Kretschmann) begins having second thoughts about the trip. Despite his attempt to turn around, the ship is lost in fog and crashes into rocks encircling the island.

Denham and the crew explore the island and are attacked by its natives, who kidnap Darrow to sacrifice her to their god "Kong". Kong, a giant ape, takes Darrow to his lair in the island's interior. As the filmmakers and the ship's crew search the island for Darrow, they battle numerous dinosaurs, giant invertebrates, and other deadly and exotic dangers. Although the rescuers suffer many casualties, Denham wants to both rescue Darrow and capture Kong as a way to save his job.

In Kong's lair, Darrow is frightened of the ape at first but realizes that he is gentle and curious about her. She entertains Kong with juggling and dancing from the theater; they watch the sunset together; and she attempts to communicate with him using sign language. Driscoll interrupts Darrow's befriending of the ape, and the ship's crew traps Kong as he chases them. Although Darrow opposes Denham's plan, the ape is subdued with chloroform for the trip to New York, and Denham promises the crew that Kong will make them all rich.

Denham presents Kong — the Eighth Wonder of the World on Broadway, starring Baxter and an imprisoned Kong. Darrow refuses to participate in the show, which sensationally recreates Kong's capture. Kong becomes enraged when he sees that the lead actress is not Darrow, then breaks his chains after camera flashes anger him further. As the audience flees, Kong destroys the theater and wreaks havoc in Times Square before Driscoll lures Kong away. The ape and Darrow reunite in Central Park, which calms him down, but they are interrupted by the military.

Kong climbs the Empire State Building with Darrow in his grasp. Observing the dawn, Kong repeats the sign for "beautiful" that she used in his lair, causing Darrow to realize his intelligence. Before she can attempt further communication, they are attacked. Kong battles the Army's Curtiss Helldivers[3] on the summit of the observation spire. He is hit by several bursts of gunfire, and gazes at a distraught Darrow before falling to his death. As Driscoll comforts Darrow, hundreds of people run to Kong's body. A man tells Denham that the airplanes killed him, but he replies, "It wasn't the airplanes. It was Beauty killed the Beast."

Cast

  • Naomi Watts as Ann Darrow: A struggling vaudeville actress who is desperate for work. Carl Denham discovers her attempting to steal an apple from a fruit stand. She is a big fan of Jack Driscoll, but knows nothing about acting in a movie. During the course of the voyage, she falls in love with Driscoll. She also forms a special relationship with Kong.
  • Jack Black as Carl Denham: A film director who obtained the map to Skull Island. Due to his desperate situation — involving debts and theft — Carl is obsessive, slowly losing his moral compass.
  • Adrien Brody as Jack Driscoll: A scriptwriter who falls for Ann. He is on the voyage mistakenly, when he delivers 15 pages of script to Denham, who delays him as the Venture begins its voyage.
  • Thomas Kretschmann as Captain Englehorn: The German Captain of the SS Venture.
  • Colin Hanks as Preston: Denham's neurotic but honest personal assistant.
  • Jamie Bell as Jimmy: A boy, found on the SS Venture, wild and abandoned. He is a kleptomaniac and views Hayes as a father figure.
  • Evan Parke as Ben Hayes: Englehorn's first mate and a friend of Lumpy, who leads Ann's rescue mission due to his army training and combat experience gained during World War I. He is killed after Kong throws him against a rock wall.
  • Lobo Chan as Choy: Lumpy's best friend and a janitor on the Venture, who falls to his death during the log scene.
  • Kyle Chandler as Bruce Baxter: An actor who specialises in adventure films. He abandons Ann's rescue mission but brings Englehorn to rescue the search party from the insect pit, and is given credit for rescuing Ann during the Broadway display of Kong.
  • Andy Serkis as Kong (motion capture and voice): A 7.5-metre (25 ft) gorilla who is around 120–150 years old.[4] He is the last of his species, Megaprimatus kong.
    • Andy Serkis as Lumpy: The ship's cook, barber and surgeon. He warns Denham about rumors he has heard about Skull Island and Kong. He joins the search for Ann but is killed in the insect pit.
  • John Sumner as Herb: Denham's loyal camera man. He is killed by a pack of Venatosaurus.
  • Craig Hall as Mike: Denham's soundman for the journey. He is the first person to be killed when the Skull Island natives spear him.
  • Jed Brophy and Todd Rippon cameoed as crew members.

Production

Pre-production

Peter Jackson was a nine year old in the New Zealand town of Pukerua Bay when he first saw the 1933 version of King Kong. He was in tears in front of the TV when Kong slipped off the Empire State Building.[5] At age 12 he tried to recreate the film using his parents' super-8 camera and a model of Kong made of wire and rubber with his mother's fur coat for the hair, but eventually gave up on the project.[6] In 1996, he developed a version that was in pre-production for 6–7 months, but the studio cancelled it.[7] This is most likely because of the release of Mighty Joe Young and Godzilla the same year.[6] During this time Jackson had achieved the designs of the Brontosaurus and the Venatosaurus.[6] No casting was ever done, but he had hoped to get either George Clooney or Robert De Niro for the roles of Jack Driscoll and Carl Denham, respectively.[8]

He then began work on The Lord of the Rings trilogy.[9] With the overwhelming box office and critical success of The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring Universal contacted him during production of the second film,[6] and he was paid $20 million USD to direct this film, the highest salary Hollywood ever paid a director.[10]

Screenplay development

Peter Jackson has stated that the script significantly changed between the 1996 and 2005 drafts. He described his first rough draft as a "tongue-in-cheek comedic film with elements of Raiders of the Lost Ark and other films", and in retrospect he is glad that Universal pulled the plug on this version of the film, as he was able to rework the screenplay into something better.[6]

In Jackson's original 1996 draft of the script, Ann was the daughter of famed English archaeologist Lord Linwood Darrow exploring ancient ruins in Sumatra.[11] They would come into conflict with Denham during his filming, and they would uncover a hidden Kong statue and the map of Skull Island. This would indicate that the island natives were the last remnants of a cult religion that had once thrived on the mainland of Asia. Instead of a playwright, Jack was the first mate and an ex-First World War fighter pilot still struggling with the loss of his best friend, who had been killed in battle during a World War I prologue.[11] Herb the camera-man is the only supporting character in the original draft who made it to the final version. The fight between Kong and the three V. rex also changed from the original draft. In the draft, Ann is actually caught in the V. rex's jaws, where she becomes wedged, and slashed by the teeth; after the fight, Kong gets her out but she is suffering from a fever, from which she then recovers.

The rewriting of the script between 1996 and 2005 involved basing the characters more closely on the 1933 ones, but adding more detail (the screenplay is not based at all on the 1976 version).[12] The process began with a nine minute animatic created by Peter Jackson and shown to the writing team, causing Philippa Boyens to cry. Jackson, alongside Christian Rivers and his team, created animatics for all the action sequences which wound up becoming the first stage in animation. The Empire State Building animatic in particular, was completely replicated in the final film.[6]

Pre-production

Peter Jackson decided early on that he did not want Kong to behave like a human, and so he and his team studied hours of gorilla footage.[13] Andy Serkis, who modelled his movement, went to the London Zoo to watch the gorillas, but was unsatisfied. He ended up going to Rwanda to observe mountain gorillas in the wild with a company called Rainbow Tours. The resulting Kong is entirely a special effect, but he acts and moves very much like a real gorilla.[14]

Andy Serkis in his Kong bodysuit.

Apart from Kong, Skull Island is inhabited by dinosaurs and other large fauna. Inspired by the works of Dougal Dixon, the designers imagined what 65 million years or more of isolated evolution might have done to dinosaurs.[6] The names of these and hundreds of other beasts are found in the book The World of Kong: A Natural History of Skull Island.

Difficulties

The film's budget climbed from an initial US$150 million to a record-breaking $207 million,[15] making it at one point the most expensive film yet made. Universal Pictures only agreed to such an outlay after seeing a screening of the unfinished film, to which executives responded enthusiastically. Marketing and promotion costs were an estimated $60 million. The film's length also grew; originally set to be 135 minutes, it soon grew to 200, prompting Universal executives to fly to New Zealand to view a rough cut, but they liked it so their concerns were addressed.[16]

Other difficulties included Peter Jackson's decision to change composers from Howard Shore to James Newton Howard seven weeks before the film opened.[17]

Release

The marketing campaign for King Kong started in full swing on June 27, 2005, when the teaser trailer made its debut, first online at the official Volkswagen website at 8:45 p.m. EST, then 8:55 p.m. EST across media outlets owned by NBC Universal (the parent of Universal Studios), including NBC, Bravo!, CNBC and MSNBC. That trailer appeared in theatres attached to War of the Worlds, which opened on June 29.[4]

Jackson also regularly published a series of 'Production Diaries', which chronicled the making of the film. The diaries started shortly after the DVD release of The Return of the King as a way to give Jackson's The Lord of the Rings fans a glimpse of his next project. These diaries are edited into broadband-friendly instalments of three or four minutes each. They consist of features that would normally be seen in a making-of documentary: a tour of the set, a roving camera introducing key players behind the scene, a peek inside the sound booth during last-minute dubbing, or Andy Serkis doing his ape movements in a motion capture studio.[18] The production diaries were released on DVD on December 13, 2005, one day before the U.S. release of the film. This was one of the first occasions in which material that would normally be considered supplementary to the DVD release of a film, was not only released separately, but done so in a prestige format; the Production Diaries came packaged in a box with a set of prints and a replica 1930s-era clipboard.[citation needed] It is also the first time such material was published prior to the release of the film.[citation needed]

A novelisation of the movie and a prequel entitled The Island of the Skull was also written. A multi-platform video game entitled Peter Jackson's King Kong was released, which featured an alternate ending. There was a hardback book entitled The World of Kong, featuring artwork from Weta Workshop to describe the fictional bestiary in the film. A number of spin-offs from the remake's franchise include books, novels, comics and video games.

Reception

The billboard at the Odeon Leicester Square premiere

With a take of $9.7 million on its Wednesday opening day, and with an opening weekend gross of $50.1 million, King Kong's opening numbers did not meet expectations of Universal Pictures executives. Its opening weekend of $50.1 million, while good for most movies, fell short of the inflated expectations that preceded the film.[19]

However, King Kong was able to hold its audience in the subsequent holiday weeks and ended up becoming a domestic hit, grossing $218.1 million at the North American box office (putting it in the top five grossing films of 2005 domestically).[20] King Kong fared much better in the international market, as it grossed $332.4 million outside North America, leading to a worldwide total of $550.5 million, that not only put it in the top five grossing films of 2005 worldwide,[21] but also helped the film bring back more than two and half times its production budget.

Other factors also affect a film's profitability besides box office sales, such as the DVD sales. King Kong, sold over $100 million worth of DVDs in the largest six-day performance in Universal Studios history.[22] As of April 3, 2006, King Kong has sold more than 7.5 million DVDs, accumulating over $140 million worth of sales numbers, domestically alone.[23] As of June 25, 2006 King Kong has generated almost $38 million from DVD rental gross.[24]. As well, in February 2006, Universal received $26.5 million from TNT/TBS and ABC for the television rights to the film.[25]

Thus, despite the film's inauspicious start at the box office, King Kong turned out to be very profitable. Ticket and DVD sales combined, the film earned well over $700 million,[26][27] becoming the fourth-highest grossing movie in Universal Pictures history.

Critical reaction

King Kong received a favourable critical response, garnering an 83% "Certified Fresh" approval rating among 'T-Meter Critics', and a 77% rating among 'Top Critics' on Rotten Tomatoes.[28] The most common criticisms of the film were due to excessive length, lack of pace, over-use of slow motion, and some obvious use of CGI effects. Positive critical reviews regarded it as one of the few good epics and all-round best movies of 2005. Roger Ebert gave the movie four stars, and listed it as the 8th best film of 2005.[29] Similarly, King Kong has been included in many critics' Top Ten of 2005 lists.[30] The film received four Academy Award nominations for Visual Effects, Sound Mixing, Sound Editing, and Art Direction, winning all but the last.[31] Entertainment Weekly called the depiction of Kong the most convincing computer generated character in film in 2005.[32] Some criticised the film for retaining racist stereotypes present in the original film, though it was not suggested that Jackson had done this intentionally.[33] King Kong ranks 450th on Empire magazine's 2008 list of the 500 Greatest Movies of All Time.[34]

Future

Possible 3-D release

Peter Jackson has expressed his desire to remaster the film in 3-D at some point in the future.[35] Jackson was also seen shooting with a 3-D camera at times during the shoot of King Kong.[36]

Two sequels

Peter Jackson reveiled in his production diaries that at least two sequels are so far planned. No further mention as been made of the release dates or production of these sequels, but the original cast has been confirmed to have signed on.[37]

Cinematic and literary allusions

Jamie Bell's character is repeatedly shown reading Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, a novel about a journey into a primitive land and mankind's exploitation of fellow man. Jack Black and critics have noted Carl Denham's similarity to Orson Welles.[38] When Jack Driscoll is searching for a place to sleep in the animal storage hold, a box behind him reads Sumatran Rat Monkey — Beware the bite! - a reference to the creature that causes mayhem in Peter Jackson's film Braindead (1992)[39] (in that film, the rat monkey is described as only being found on Skull Island).

References to other versions of King Kong

  • Fay Wray, the original Ann Darrow, was asked by Peter Jackson to do a brief cameo in which she would utter the film's final line: "It was beauty killed the beast." At first she flatly refused, but then seemed to consider the possibility. However, she died shortly after her meeting with Jackson.[38] The line ultimately went to the character of Carl Denham, as in the original.
  • An ad for Universal Pictures is visible while Kong is tearing up Times Square. In the original film, an ad for Columbia Pictures appeared in the same spot, and the production designers replicated it, but Columbia asked for a large amount of money for its use, so effects artists replaced it.[39]
  • When Denham is considering who to play the part before meeting Ann, he suggests "Fay", but his assistant Preston replies, "She's doing a picture with RKO." Music from the 1933 original is heard, and Denham mutters, "Cooper, huh? I might have known." Fay Wray starred in the 1933 film, which was directed by Merian C. Cooper and released by RKO.[39]
  • When Carl Denham calls Bruce Baxter and Ann Darrow to film a scene on the deck of the ship, the shot is essentially identical to a scene between Ann and Jack Driscoll in the 1933 version.
  • In the original film, Merian C. Cooper made up an "Arabian proverb" about "beauty and beast". The 2005 remake repeats the fake proverb.[39]
  • Kong's New York stage appearance looks very much like a re-enactment of the sacrifice scene of the 1933 film, including the posts the 'beauty' is tied to and the nearly identical performance and costumes of the dancers. In addition, the music played by the orchestra during that scene is the original 1933 score by Max Steiner.[39]
  • The 1933 film featured an extended sequence in which several members of the party were devoured by massive spiders and insects after being shaken off a log into a ravine by Kong. This scene was pulled before release when Cooper decided it slowed the film down. Peter Jackson recreated the scene for the 2005 remake. He also paid homage to the spider pit sequence by recreating the scene using stop motion photography, which he included as an extra for the deluxe DVD release of the original 1933 film.
  • The battle between Kong and the final V. rex is almost move-for-move like the last half of the fight between Kong and the T. rex in the original 1933 film, right down to Kong playing with the dinosaur's broken jaw and then standing, beating his chest and roaring victoriously.[39]
  • After the crew captures Kong on the beach, Denham speaks a line from the 1933 film: "The whole world will pay to see this! We're millionaires, boys! I'll share it with all of you. In a few months, his name will be up in lights on Broadway! KONG, THE EIGHTH WONDER OF THE WORLD!" [39]
  • In the original film, director and co-director Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack appear in cameos as the pilot and rear-gunner who shoot Kong. In the 2005 film, Jackson plays one of the gunners; the pilot is played by Rick Baker, who played Kong (in a rubber suit) in the 1976 remake.[39]

Musical score

Untitled

The musical score for King Kong was composed by James Newton Howard. Originally Howard Shore, who worked for Peter Jackson on The Lord of the Rings, was to compose the score for the film and recorded several completed cues before he was removed from the project by Jackson. James Newton Howard joined the project with literally weeks to score and record more than three hours of music.[citation needed] Shore still makes a cameo appearance as the ill-fated conductor in the theatre from which Kong escapes. The film's record album was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score.

Track listing

  1. "King Kong" – 1:09
  2. "A Fateful Meeting" – 4:16
  3. "Defeat Is Always Momentary" – 2:48
  4. "It's in the Subtext" – 3:19
  5. "Two Grand" – 2:34
  6. "The Venture Departs" – 4:03
  7. "Last Blank Space on the Map" – 4:43
  8. "It's Deserted" – 7:08
  9. "Something Monstrous… Neither Beast Nor Man" – 2:38
  10. "Head Towards the Animals" – 2:48
  11. "Beautiful" – 4:08
  12. "Tooth and Claw" – 6:17
  13. "That's All There Is…" – 3:26
  14. "Captured" – 2:25
  15. "Central Park" – 4:36
  16. "The Empire State Building" – 2:36
  17. "Beauty Killed The Beast (Part I)" – 1:59
  18. "Beauty Killed The Beast (Part II)" – 2:22
  19. "Beauty Killed The Beast (Part III)" – 2:14
  20. "Beauty Killed The Beast (Part IV)" – 4:45
  21. "Beauty Killed The Beast (Part V)" – 4:13

Home media

King Kong was released on DVD on March 28, 2006 in the United States. The three versions that came out were single disc fullscreen, single disc widescreen and a 2-Disc Widescreen Special Edition. The second disc of the Special Edition contains the remainder of almost all the KongisKing.net production diaries not contained on the Peter Jackson's Production Diaries DVD set. The only missing episode is "13 Weeks To Go" which contained footage of Howard Shore recording the original score. It is still available on the website. King Kong was not released on VHS in the United States, but it was exclusively released on VHS in Germany.

The 3 disc Deluxe Extended Edition was released on November 14, 2006 in the U.S.A.,[40] and on November 1 in Australia.[41] Thirteen minutes were put back into the film, and a further 40 minutes presented alongside the rest of the special features. The film was spread onto the first two discs with commentary by Peter Jackson and Philippa Boyens, and some featurettes on Discs 1 and 2, whilst the main Special Features are on Disc 3. Another set was released, including a WETA figurine of a bullet-ridden Kong scaling the Empire State Building, roaring at the army with Ann in hand. The extended film amounts to 201 minutes in total.[42]

A special HD DVD version of King Kong was part of a promotional pack for the release of the external HD DVD Drive for the Xbox 360. The pack contained the HD DVD drive, the Universal Media Remote and King Kong on HD DVD.[43] It was also available separately as a standard HD DVD.[44] The film's theatrical and extended cuts were released together on Blu-ray Disc on January 20, 2009.[45]

References

  1. ^ "King Kong". BoxOfficeMojo.com. Retrieved 2006-10-12.
  2. ^ "King Kong - DVD sales". BlogCritics.org. Retrieved 2007-03-04.
  3. ^ Gray, Simon (2005). "Beauty and the Beast". American Cinematographer. Retrieved 2006-06-21. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help))
  4. ^ a b Wloszczyna, Susan (June 26, 2005). "King Kong goes digital". USA Today. Retrieved 2006-06-14. Cite error: The named reference "Konga" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  5. ^ Fischer, Paul (December 5, 2005). "Interview: Peter Jackson "King Kong"". Dark Horizons. Retrieved 2006-06-14.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Recreating the Eighth Wonder: The Making of King Kong (DVD). Universal. 2006.
  7. ^ Utichi, Joe (2005). "Interview with Peter Jackson — King Kong". Film Focus. Retrieved 2006-06-14.
  8. ^ "Peter Jackson FAQ (Interview)". The Bastards have landed. 1998. Retrieved 2006-06-14.
  9. ^ Stratton, David (December 13, 2005). "Peter Jackson Interview". ABC (Australia). Retrieved 2006-06-14.
  10. ^ Thompson, Anne (June 16, 2006). "Studios learning that A-list isn't everything". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2006-06-14.
  11. ^ a b Stax (April 8, 2003). "The Stax Report: Script Review of King Kong". IGN. Retrieved 2006-06-14. Cite error: The named reference "Kong" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  12. ^ "Peter Jackson, filmmaker". The Hollywood Reporter. February 24, 2004. Retrieved 2006-06-14.
  13. ^ Epstein, Daniel Robert (2005). "Philippa Boyens Interview". Kong UGO. Retrieved 2006-06-14.
  14. ^ Fischer, Paul (December 5, 2005). "Interview: Andy Serkis "King Kong"". Dark Horizons. Retrieved 2006-06-14.
  15. ^ "King Kong 'goes $32m over budget'". BBC. London. October 28, 2005. Retrieved 2006-06-14.
  16. ^ Colley, Ed (December 8, 2005). "Jackson: King Kong is why I'm here". The Evening Standard. Retrieved 2006-06-14.
  17. ^ "Jackson drops King Kong composer". BBC. London. October 18, 2005. Retrieved 2006-06-14.
  18. ^ Abel, Glenn (December 19, 2005). "King Kong: Peter Jackson's Production Diaries". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2006-06-14.
  19. ^ "Kong's King". the-numbers.com.
  20. ^ "2005 Domestic Grosses". boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved 2006-05-11.
  21. ^ "Worldwide gross". BoxOfficeMojo.com. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
  22. ^ "'King Kong' DVD scares up $100 mln 1st-week sales". Reuters. April 3, 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-14. [dead link]
  23. ^ "King Kong DVD Sales at The-numbers.com".
  24. ^ "King Kong/DVD and Video". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
  25. ^ http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2005/KKONG.php
  26. ^ "King Kong". BoxOfficeMojo.com. Retrieved 2006-10-12.
  27. ^ "King Kong DVD Sets Sales Record". Breitbart.com. 2006-04-04. Retrieved 2006-10-12.
  28. ^ "King Kong (2005)". rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved 2006-05-11.
  29. ^ Ebert, Roger (December 18, 2005). "Ebert's Best 10 Movies of 2005". rogerebert.com. Retrieved 2006-05-11.
  30. ^ "The 2005 Top Ten's". Awards Watch. Archived from the original on March 24, 2006. Retrieved 2006-05-11.
  31. ^ "Oscars 2006: The nominees". BBC News. London. 2006-01-31. Retrieved 2008-11-06.
  32. ^ "Our 10 Favorite CG Characters". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2007-07-30. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  33. ^ McKenzie, Kwame (December 13, 2005). "Big black and bad stereotyping". Times Online. Retrieved 2006-05-11.
  34. ^ http://www.empireonline.com/500/10.asp
  35. ^ "Film director 'sees future in 3D'". BBC. London. April 25, 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-13.
  36. ^ McLean, Robyn (November 12, 2005). "King Kong movie may go 3D". The Dominion Post.
  37. ^ http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/king-kong-production-diaries.html
  38. ^ a b Spelling, Ian (2005). "Interview:Peter Jackson proves with King Kong that the director, not the beast, is the true eighth wonder of the world". Sci Fi.com. Archived from the original on June 19, 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-21. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help) Cite error: The named reference "Black" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h Wloszczyna, Susan (December 15, 2005). "King Kong abounds with fun facts for fanboys". USA Today. Retrieved 2006-06-21. Cite error: The named reference "References" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  40. ^ King Kong (US - DVD R1) in News > Releases at DVDActive
  41. ^ King Kong (2005) - Deluxe Extended Edition (3 Disc Set) @ EzyDVD
  42. ^ "Official Universal Press Release on the Extended Edition!" (Press release). KongisKing.net. 2006-07-20. Retrieved 2006-10-12.
  43. ^ Xbox.com
  44. ^ Highdefdigest
  45. ^ "'King Kong' to Roar on Blu-ray this January". 2008-11-11. Retrieved 2008-11-14.
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