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The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)

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The Phantom of the Opera
Logo
MusicAndrew Lloyd Webber
LyricsCharles Hart
Richard Stilgoe (additional)
BookAndrew Lloyd Webber
Charles Hart
Richard Stilgoe
Basis1910 book Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux
Productions1986 London
1988 Broadway, Vienna, Japan Tour #1
1989 Los Angeles, Stockholm, Toronto
1990 Melbourne, Chicago, Hamburg
1991 US Tour #1
1992 US Tour #2
1993 San Francisco, Sydney, Scheveningen, Manchester
1995 Edinburgh, Basel, Singapore, Hong Kong
1996 Australia/New Zealand Tour
1998 UK Tour
Various international and sit down productions
AwardsOliver Award for Best New Musical
Tony Award for Best Musical

The Phantom of the Opera is a musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber, based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux.

The music was composed by Lloyd Webber, and most lyrics were written by Charles Hart, with additional lyrics by Richard Stilgoe. Alan Jay Lerner was an early collaborator, but withdrew due to illness after some initial work on a single song, "Masquerade".[1][2] The central plot revolves around a beautiful soprano, Christine Daaé, who becomes the obsession of a mysterious, disfigured musical genius.

The Phantom of the Opera opened in the West End in 1986, and on Broadway in 1988. It became the longest-running musical in Broadway history after overtaking Cats in 2006. It is also the second-longest-running West End musical.[3]

Phantom won the 1986 Olivier Award and the 1988 Tony Award for Best Musical, and Michael Crawford (as the Phantom) won the 1986 Olivier and 1988 Tony for Best Performance by an Actor in a Musical.[4] The show has been performed in 149 cities in 25 countries, and has played to over 100 million people.[5] With total worldwide box office receipts of over $5.1bn (£3.5bn), Phantom is the highest-grossing entertainment event of all time.[6] The New York production alone has grossed US $800 million, making it the most financially successful Broadway show in history.[7][8]

Development

Idea

In 1984 Andrew Lloyd Webber contacted Cameron Mackintosh, the co-producer of Cats and Song and Dance, to propose a new musical. He was aiming for a romantic piece, and suggested Gaston Leroux's book The Phantom of the Opera as a basis. They screened both the 1925 Lon Chaney and the 1943 Claude Rains motion picture versions, but neither saw an effective way to make the leap from film to stage. Later, in New York, Lloyd Webber found a second-hand copy of the original, long-out-of-print Leroux novel, which supplied the necessary inspiration to develop a musical:[9]

I was actually writing something else at the time, and I realized that the reason I was hung up was because I was trying to write a major romantic story, and I had been trying to do that ever since I started my career. Then with the Phantom, it was there!"[9]

Lyricists

Lloyd Webber first approached Jim Steinman to write the lyrics because of his "dark obsessive side", but he declined in order to fulfill his commitments on a Bonnie Tyler album.[10] Alan Jay Lerner was then recruited, but he became seriously ill after joining the project and was forced to withdraw; none of his contributions (mostly involving the song "Masquerade") are credited in the show. Richard Stilgoe, the lyricist for Starlight Express, wrote most of the original lyrics for the production. Charles Hart, a young and then-relatively unknown lyricist, later rewrote many of the lyrics, along with original lyrics for "Think of Me". Some of Stilgoe's original contributions are still present in the final version, however.[11]

Score

Inspired in part by an earlier musical version of the same story by Ken Hill,[12] Lloyd Webber's score is sometimes operatic in style but maintains the form and structure of a musical throughout. The full-fledged operatic passages are reserved principally for subsidiary characters such as Andre and Firmin, Carlotta, and Piangi. They are also used to provide the content of the fictional "operas" that are taking place within the show itself, viz., Hannibal, Il Muto, and the Phantom's masterwork, Don Juan Triumphant. Here, Lloyd Webber pastiched various styles from the grand operas of Meyerbeer through to Mozart and even Gilbert and Sullivan (Coveney, 1999). These pieces are often presented as musical fragments, interrupted by dialogue or action sequences in order to clearly define the musical's "show within a show" format. The musical extracts from the Phantom's opera, "Don Juan Triumphant", during the latter stages of the show, are dissonant and modern—suggesting, perhaps, that the Phantom is ahead of his time artistically (Snelson, 2004).

Design, direction, choreography

Maria Björnson designed the sets and over 200 costumes, including the elaborate gowns in the Masquerade sequence. Her set designs, including such indelible elements as the chandelier, subterranean gondola, and the sweeping staircase, set a standard for stage spectacle seldom equalled, and earned her multiple awards.[13][14] Hal Prince, director of Cabaret, Candide, Follies, and Webber's Evita directed the production, while Gillian Lynne, associate director and choreographer of Cats provided the integral musical staging and choreography.

First Preview At Sydmonton

A preview of the first act was staged at Sydmonton (Lloyd Webber's home) in 1985, starring Colm Wilkinson (later the star of the Toronto production) as the Phantom, Sarah Brightman as Kristin (eventually changed to Christine) and Clive Carter (later a member of the London cast) as Raoul. This very preliminary production used Richard Stilgoe's original unaltered lyrics, and many songs sported names that were later changed, such as "What Has Time Done to Me" ("Think of Me"), and "Papers" ("Notes"). The Phantom's original mask covered the entire face and remained in place throughout the performance, obscuring the actor's vision and muffling his voice. Björnson designed the now-iconic half-mask to replace it, and the unmasking sequence was added.[11] Clips of this preview performance were included on the DVD of the 2004 film production.[15]

West End

Phantom began previews at Her Majesty's Theatre in London's West End on September 27, 1986 and opened on October 9 under the direction of Hal Prince. It was choreographed by Gillian Lynne and the sets were designed by Maria Björnson, with lighting by Andrew Bridge.[16]

Michael Crawford starred in the title role with Sarah Brightman as Christine and Steve Barton as Raoul. The production, still playing at Her Majesty's, celebrated its 24th anniversary in October 2010 and its 10,000th performance at the matinée on 23 October 2010, with Lloyd Webber and the original Phantom, Michael Crawford, in attendance. It is the second longest-running West End musical in history behind Les Miserables.[17][18] A 25th-anniversary concert is scheduled to take place at the Royal Albert Hall in London on 1 and 2 October, 2011.[19]

Broadway

Phantom began Broadway previews at the Majestic Theatre on January 9, 1988 and opened on January 26.[7][20] Crawford, Brightman, and Barton reprised their respective roles from the West End. The Broadway production continues to play at the Majestic, where it marked its nine thousandth performance in 2009, and its 23rd anniversary in January 2011, making it the longest-running musical in Broadway history.[16]

Casting

The original casts of the major productions of The Phantom of the Opera:[21]

Character Original West End Cast Original Broadway Cast Original Las Vegas Cast 2004 Film Cast 2011 Royal Albert Hall Cast
Erik (The Phantom of the Opera) Michael Crawford Michael Crawford Brent Barrett/Anthony Crivello‡ Gerard Butler Ramin Karimloo
Christine Daaé Sarah Brightman/Claire Moore† Sarah Brightman/Patti Cohenour† Sierra Boggess/Elizabeth Loyacano‡ Emmy Rossum Sierra Boggess
Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny Steve Barton Steve Barton Tim Martin Gleason Patrick Wilson Hadley Fraser
Carlotta Giudicelli Rosemary Ashe Judy Kaye Elena Jeanne Batman/Geena Jeffries Mattox‡ Minnie Driver Wendy Ferguson
Madame Giry Mary Millar Leila Martin Rebecca Spencer Miranda Richardson Liz Robertson
Meg Giry Janet Devenish Elisa Heinsohn Brianne Kelly Morgan Jennifer Ellison Daisy Maywood
Monsieur Richard Firmin John Savident Nicholas Wyman Lawson Skala Ciarán Hinds Barry James
Monsieur Gilles André David Firth Cris Groenendaal John Leslie Wolfe Simon Callow Gareth Snook
Ubaldo Piangi John Aron David Romano Larry Wayne Morbitt Victor McGuire Wynne Evans
Joseph Buquet Janos Kurucz Philip Steele John Paul Almon Kevin McNally Nick Holder

† The role of Christine Daaé is double-cast in most professional productions. The secondary actress performs the role twice a week (on Broadway, Thursday evening and Saturday matinée).[22]

‡ Three roles (The Phantom, Christine, and Carlotta) were double-cast in the original Las Vegas production, with the two actors in each pair singing alternate performances.[23] Las Vegas casting is now identical to that in the Broadway production, with single casting for all characters except Christine.[24]

Notable West End Replacements
Notable Broadway Replacements

Synopsis

Prologue

At the Paris Opéra in 1911,[25] an auction of old props is underway. Lot 665, purchased by the elderly Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny, is a music box in the shape of a monkey; he eyes it fondly, noting that its details appear "exactly as she said." Lot 666 is a shattered chandelier that, the auctioneer says, has a connection to "the strange affair of the Phantom of the Opera…a mystery never fully explained." As the chandelier illuminates, reassembles itself, and slowly rises over the audience to its old position in the rafters, the years roll back and the Paris Opéra returns to its 1880s grandeur. ("Overture")

Act I

It is now 1881.[26] As Carlotta, the Opéra's resident soprano prima donna, rehearses for that evening's performance, a backdrop collapses without warning. "The Phantom! He's here!" the excited cast members whisper. The Opera's new owners, Firmin and André, try to downplay the incident, but Carlotta refuses to continue and storms offstage. Madame Giry, the Opéra's ballet mistress, tells Firmin and André that Christine Daaé, a Swedish chorus girl and orphaned daughter of a prominent violinist, has been "well taught", and could sing Carlotta's role. With cancellation of the performance their only alternative, the owners reluctantly audition Christine, and to their surprise she is equal to the challenge. ("Think of Me")

Michael Crawford and Sarah Brightman performing the title song

Backstage after her triumphant début, Christine confesses to her best friend Meg (Madame Giry's daughter) that she knows her mysterious teacher only as an invisible "Angel of Music" ("Angel of Music"). The new patron, Raoul, the Vicomte de Chagny, finds Christine, his old childhood playmate, in her dressing room. ("Little Lotte") Christine reminds Raoul about the "Angel of Music" stories that her late father used to tell them, and confides that the Angel has visited her, and taught her to sing. Raoul nonchalantly dismisses this notion, and invites her to dinner. After Raoul leaves, a jealous Angel of Music appears as an image in Christine's mirror. ("Angel of Music/The Mirror") Christine begs him to reveal himself. The Phantom guides Christine through the mirror into a ghostly underground realm. ("The Phantom of the Opera") They cross a subterranean lake to his secret lair beneath the opéra house, an eerie place containing a pipe organ, a throne, and a life-sized doll resembling Christine and clad in a wedding gown. The Phantom explains that he has chosen Christine to sing his music. ("The Music of the Night") She faints, and the Phantom puts her to bed, accompanied by further expressions of his love for her.

As the Phantom composes music at his organ ("I Remember…"), Christine awakens to the sound of the monkey music box. She slips up behind the Phantom, lifts his mask, and beholds his face. The Phantom rails at her curiosity, then ruefully expresses his longing to look normal—and to be loved by her. ("Stranger Than You Dreamt It")

Meanwhile, inside the opéra house, Joseph Buquet, the Opéra's chief stagehand who, like Madame Giry, inexplicably knows much about the Phantom, regales everyone with tales of the "Opéra Ghost" and his terrible Punjab lasso ("Magical Lasso"). Madame Giry warns Buquet to exercise restraint. In the managers’ office, Madame Giry delivers a note from the Phantom: he demands that Christine replace Carlotta in the new opera, Il Muto ("Notes…"). Firmin and André assure the enraged Carlotta that she will remain the star, ("Prima Donna") but during her performance, disaster strikes ("Poor Fool, He Makes Me Laugh"). The Phantom reduces Carlotta's voice to a frog-like croak. A backdrop lifts to reveal the corpse of Buquet, hanging from the rafters by the Punjab lasso.

In the ensuing mêlée, Christine escapes with Raoul to the roof, where she tells him about her subterranean rendezvous with the Phantom. Raoul is sceptical ("Why Have You Brought Me Here?/Raoul, I've Been There"), but swears to love and to protect her always. ("All I Ask of You") The Phantom, who has overheard their conversation, is heartbroken. He angrily vows revenge against Raoul ("All I Ask of You (Reprise)"), and the Opéra's mighty chandelier crashes to the floor as the curtain falls.

Act II

Steve Barton and Sarah Brightman in the final scene

Six months later, in the midst of the gala masquerade ball the Phantom makes his first appearance since the chandelier disaster. ("Masquerade/Why So Silent") He announces that he has written an opera entitled Don Juan Triumphant. He demands that it be produced immediately, with Christine, who is now engaged to Raoul, in the lead role. He then seizes Christine's engagement ring and vanishes. Raoul demands that Madame Giry tell him about the Phantom. She replies that he is a brilliant musician and magician, born with a terrifyingly deformed face, who escaped from captivity in a traveling freak show and disappeared.

Raoul hatches a plan to use Don Juan Triumphant as a trap to capture the Phantom. ("Notes/Twisted Every Way") Christine, torn between her love for Raoul and her reluctance to see the Phantom imprisoned again, visits her father's grave. ("Wishing You Were Somehow Here Again") The Phantom appears, ("Wandering Child") but Raoul arrives to protect her. ("Bravo, Monsieur!") The Phantom declares war upon them both.

Don Juan Triumphant débuts, with Christine and Ubaldo Piangi, the Opéra's leading tenor, singing the lead roles. ("The Point of No Return") During their duet, Christine suddenly realises that she is singing not with Piangi, but with the Phantom himself. Christine tears off his mask to expose his hideous face to the audience, as Piangi is found strangled backstage. The Phantom seizes Christine and flees the theatre. A mob is soon in hot pursuit. Madame Giry tells Raoul about the Phantom's subterranean lair—and reminds him to beware the Punjab lasso.

In the lair, Christine is compelled to don the doll's wedding dress. ("Down Once More/Track Down This Murderer") Raoul finds the lair, but the Phantom captures him with his Punjab Lasso. He tells Christine that he will free Raoul if she agrees to stay with him forever; if she refuses, Raoul will die. ("Final Lair") Christine tells the Phantom that it is his soul, not his face, that is distorted, and kisses him. The Phantom, having experienced kindness and compassion for the first time, sets them both free. Christine returns the ring that he gave her, listens in pity as he tells her again that he loves her, then leaves with Raoul. The Phantom, weeping, sings a brief reprise of "The Music of the Night" before sitting on his throne and covering himself with his cape. The mob storms the lair and Meg pulls away the cape, but the Phantom has vanished; only his mask remains.[27]

Musical numbers

Instrumentation

The 27-piece orchestra is substantially larger than those used in most modern musicals:[citation needed]

  • Reed I: Flute/Piccolo
  • Reed II: Flute/Clarinet
  • Reed III: Oboe/English horn
  • Reed IV: B-flat Clarinet/Bass Clarinet/E-flat clarinet
  • Reed V: Bassoon
  • Horn (instrument)|Horns I-III
  • Trumpets I-II
  • Trombone
  • Percussion instrument|Percussion
  • Keyboard instrument|Keyboards I-II: Piano, Synthesiser
  • Violins I-VII
  • Violas I-II
  • Cellos I-II
  • Double Bass
  • Harp

A pre-recorded track (organ, synthesisers, synthesised drums, electric guitars, and bass guitar) supplements the live orchestra during the overture and title song to prevent the noisy motorized props operating in the Journey to the Lair sequence from being amplified by the actors' microphones. The conductor and drummer listen to a click track on headphones to keep the live musicians synchronised with the track. Most of the Phantom's offstage voiceovers are pre-recorded, as is Christine's final note of the title song.

To reduce touring expenses, a downscaled orchestral arrangement was developed that included a third keyboard in lieu of the brass section, reduction of the woodwind section to three instruments, and a smaller string section. The smaller arrangement is also used in the Phantom – The Las Vegas Spectacular production.

Recordings

Cast recordings have been made of the London, German, Austrian, Japanese, Mexican, Korean, Polish, Dutch, Swedish, Hungarian and Canadian productions.[citation needed]

The recording of the 1986 original London cast, released by Polydor Records in 1987, became the first album in British musical history to enter the UK albums chart at #1.[citation needed] It was released in both a single CD Highlights From The Phantom of the Opera and a two CD Phantom of the Opera, both of which have been certified 4× Platinum in the US.[28] Phantom was also certified 3× Platinum in the UK[29] and 2× Platinum in Canada.[30] In Switzerland, Phantom was certified 3× Platinum and Highlights was certified 2× Platinum.[31] Recordings of the Vienna cast and the Hamburg cast were certified Gold and triple Platinum, respectively, in Germany.[32]

A live recording of the October 2011 25th anniversary concert at the Royal Albert Hall in London (see above) is scheduled to be released,[33] along with Blu-Ray and DVD videos and a collectors' box set of the Royal Albert concert, the original cast recording, and the sequel, Love Never Dies.[34][35]

Plagiarism

In 1987, the heirs of Giacomo Puccini charged in a lawsuit that the climactic phrase in "Music of the Night" closely resembled a similar phrase in the sequence "Quello che tacete" from Puccini's opera Girl of the Golden West.[36] The litigation was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount.[37][38]

In 1990, a Baltimore songwriter named Ray Repp filed a lawsuit alleging that the title song from Phantom was based on a song that he wrote in 1978 called "Till You." After eight years of litigation — including an unsuccessful countersuit by Lloyd Webber claiming that "Till You" was itself a plagiarism of "Close Every Door" from Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat[39] — the jury found in Lloyd Webber's favor.[40]

Roger Waters has repeatedly claimed in interviews that the signature descending/ascending half-tone chord progression from Phantom's title song was plagiarised from the bass line of a track on the Pink Floyd album Meddle called "Echoes."[41] He has never taken any legal action, but did add an insulting reference to Lloyd Webber in his song "It's a Miracle": "We cower in our shelters/With our hands over our ears/Lloyd Webber's awful stuff/Runs for years and years and years/An earthquake hits the theatre/But the operetta lingers/Then the piano lid comes down/And breaks his fucking fingers./It's a miracle!".[42]

Other productions

Phantom has been translated into several languages and produced in over twenty countries on six continents. With only two exceptions (Hungary, Poland), these productions have all been “clones”, using the original staging, direction, sets and costume concepts.[43]

  • Argentina: The Argentine production premièred in March 2009 at Buenos Aires' Teatro Ópera and closed 29 November 2009 after 194 performances.
  • Australia: 1990 – 1998: Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide, and Perth; 2007 – 2009: Melbourne, Brisbane, Sydney, Auckland, Perth and Adelaide, both starring Anthony Warlow. Marina Prior starred as Christine in the original production. In the original Australian production, Rob Guest later took over the title role.[44] The final leg of the more recent tour was staged in Adelaide in an arena format featuring giant screens on either side of the stage that presented footage shot simultaneously with the performance.
  • Austria: The German language production premiered at the Theater an der Wien in December 1988.[45]
  • Belgium: The Dutch production toured to Belgium.
  • Brazil: São Paulo, premièred at Teatro Abril in April 2005.
  • Canada: The Toronto production of Phantom ran for just over ten years, ending abruptly when Livent collapsed. The Music Box Tour (Third U.S. National Tour) played dates across Canada in 2006 – 2007 including Calgary, Vancouver, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, Saskatoon and Ottawa.
  • Canadian International Touring Company: 11 March 1991 – October 1995 toured Canada, Hawaii, Alaska, Hong Kong and Singapore
  • China: The Shanghai production played 97 performances at the Shanghai Grand Theatre
  • Denmark: Det Ny Theater, Copenhagen (2000–2001, 2003–2004, 2009)
  • Germany: There have been three German productions: Hamburg, Stuttgart and Essen.
  • Hong Kong: First tour – at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre Grand Theatre June to October 1995; Second tour – July to August 2006 at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre Grand Theatre.
  • Hungary: Madách Theatre, Budapest. This production, which began in 2003, was the first to modify the original staging with new sets, costumes and direction.[43] The five hundredth performance on 20 September 2007 featured four successive sets of casts. After the final curtain, three Christines and four Phantoms performed the title song once again.
  • Japan: Shiki Productions produced the show in 1988, the first production performed in a language other than English. It was still running at the Shiki Theater in Nagoya as of January 2010.
  • Korea: Opened in 2009 at Charlotte Theater in Seoul.
  • Mexico: Mexico City, premiered at Centro Cultural Telmex in December 1999.
  • Netherlands: At the Circus Theatre in Scheveningen. More than 1,000 performances (1993–1996) with Henk Poort as the Phantom.
  • New Zealand: Auckland
  • Poland: Warsaw production premiered in March 2008 at Teatr Muzyczny Roma, featuring original sets, costumes, and direction. Closed June 2010.
  • Singapore: First tour at the Kallang Theatre from 26 February 1995 to 20 May 1995, 2nd tour at the Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay from 23 March 2007 to 20 May 2007.[46]
  • South Africa: 2004, Cape Town, The South African State Theatre, Pretoria. 2011, Cape Town Artscape Theatre and 2012, Johannesburg Teatro at Montecasino.
  • Spain: Madrid, premiered at Teatro Lope de Vega on 4 September 2002.
  • Sweden: 1989 – 1995, Oscarsteatern, Stockholm. More than 1,000 performances. Starring Mikael Samuelson as the Phantom.
  • Switzerland: Performed in both English and German at the Musical Theatre Messe Basel in Switzerland for over a year in 1996 – 1997.
  • Taiwan: began on 18 January 2006 at National Theater and Concert Hall (Taiwan) and July 2009 at Taipei Arena, with Brad Little as the Phantom.
  • United States: Los Angeles (1989–1993), San Francisco (1993–1999)

A U.S. touring company commenced in 1991 in Los Angeles, and closed on 31 October 2010 at the Pantages Theatre in Hollywood, California. The closing-night performance was attended by many former cast- and crew-members, including Andrew Lloyd Webber and Sarah Brightman.[47]

A film version, starring Gerard Butler as the Phantom, Emmy Rossum as Christine, Patrick Wilson as Raoul, and Minnie Driver as Carlotta, was released in December 2004.[48]

The amateur stage rights are currently available to high schools and colleges.[49][50]

Phantom – The Las Vegas Spectacular

An edited production renamed Phantom – The Las Vegas Spectacular opened 24 June 2006 at The Venetian Resort Hotel Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, in a theatre built specifically for the show to resemble the Opéra Garnier in Paris.[51] The production runs 95 minutes with no intermission, and was created by the original director and choreographer, Harold Prince and Gillian Lynne, with scenic designs by David Rockwell. The show features updated technology and effects, including advanced pyrotechnics and strobe lighting, and a much-heralded, re-engineered chandelier capable of reassembling in midair during the overture while the entire interior of the venue (not merely the stage) magically returns to its 1880s halcyon days.[23]

In addition to the intermission, almost 45 minutes' worth of material was eliminated, including most of the spoken lines within the libretto, dance sequences, and scenes (such as the Don Juan Triumphant rehearsal) that enhance the Phantom's back-story but are not crucial to the overall plot. While most of the musical numbers were left intact, "Poor Fool, He Makes Me Laugh" and "The Point of No Return" were significantly shortened, engendering some criticism.[23] Other changes resembled many of the alterations made in the 2004 film, such as staging the chandelier crash at the plot's climax (during performance of "The Point of No Return") rather than mid-story (reprise of "All I Ask of You").[52] To assure continuity during a six-day-per-week performance schedule, the roles of The Phantom, Christine Daaé and Carlotta Guidicelli were originally double-cast,[53][54] but casting is now identical to Broadway, with single casting for all characters except Christine.[55]

Awards and nominations

Original London production

Year Award Ceremony Category Nominee Result
1986 Laurence Olivier Award[56][57] Best New Musical Won
Best Actor in a Musical Michael Crawford Won
Designer of the Year Maria Björnson Nominated
2002 Most Popular Show Won

Original Broadway production

Year Award Ceremony Category Nominee Result
1988 Drama Desk Award Outstanding Musical Nominated
Outstanding Actor in a Musical Michael Crawford Won
Outstanding Actress in a Musical Sarah Brightman Nominated
Outstanding Director of a Musical Harold Prince Won
Outstanding Music Andrew Lloyd Webber Won
Outstanding Orchestrations David Cullen and Andrew Lloyd Webber Won
Outstanding Set Design Maria Björnson Won
Outstanding Costume Design Won
Outstanding Lighting Design Andrew Bridge Won
Tony Award[58] Best Musical Won
Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical Michael Crawford Won
Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical Judy Kaye Won
Best Direction of a Musical Harold Prince Won
Best Book of a Musical Richard Stilgoe and Andrew Lloyd Webber Nominated
Best Original Score Andrew Lloyd Webber, Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe Nominated
Best Scenic Design Maria Björnson Won
Best Costume Design Won
Best Lighting Design Andrew Bridge Won
Best Choreography Gillian Lynne Nominated

Sequel

See: Love Never Dies (musical)

A sequel, with a book by Lloyd Webber, Glenn Slater, and Ben Elton, and lyrics by Slater, was created in 2007-8.[59] Entitled Love Never Dies, it was loosely adapted from the novel The Phantom of Manhattan, published in 1999 and written by Frederick Forsyth, who had collaborated with Lloyd Webber on the sequel years before. Directed by Jack O'Brien and choreographed by Jerry Mitchell with set and costume designs by Bob Crowley,[59] The first act was staged in 2008 at the Sydmonton Festival at Andrew Lloyd Webber's Hampshire country home.[60] Love Never Dies opened at the Adelphi Theatre in the West End on 9 March 2010 (the first time a musical sequel had been staged in the West End[61]), and closed on 27 August, 2011. The production received mixed reviews.[62][63][64]

Love Never Dies was scheduled to open on Broadway in November 2010, but was postponed until Spring 2011[65] and later postponed indefinitely.[66] A revamped Australian production, starring Ben Lewis and Anna O'Byrne, opened 21 May, 2011 at the Regent Theatre in Melbourne to more favorable reviews.[67] [68][69][70] After the Melbourne run ends on 12 December, the production will move on to the Capitol Theatre in Sydney in January 2012.[71]

Set in 1907 (a decade after the conclusion of Phantom according to the production's official announcement,[72] but actually 26 years, since the original show was set in 1881[26]), Christine is invited to perform at Phantasma, a new attraction at Coney Island, by an anonymous impresario. With her husband Raoul and son Gustave in tow, she journeys to Brooklyn, unaware that it is the Phantom who has arranged her appearance at the popular beach resort.[72][73]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Citron, Stephen. Sondheim and Lloyd-Webber (2001), Oxford University Press US, ISBN 0-19-509601-0, p. 330
  2. ^ Behr, Edward. The Complete Book of Les Misérables (1993),Arcade Publishing, ISBN 1-55970-156-0, p. 62
  3. ^ Smith, Tim (April 11, 2010) 'Phantom of the Opera’ at the Hippodrome The Baltimore Sun
  4. ^ "The Phantom of the Opera". {{cite web}}: Text "Awards" ignored (help); Text "The Show" ignored (help)
  5. ^ Leach, Robin. "Former Las Vegas star debuts in Phantom sequel in London". Las Vegas Sun, 23 February 2010, accessed 13 August 2010
  6. ^ "Phantom musical surpasses record". BBC News. 10 January 2006. Retrieved 23 April 2008.
  7. ^ a b Jones, Kenneth (25 January 2006). "Phantom turns 18". Playbill. Retrieved 23 April 2008.
  8. ^ Page, Elaine. "BBC Essential Musicals". BBC. Retrieved 23 April 2008.
  9. ^ a b Andrew Lloyd Webber, Martin Knowlden The Phantom of the Opera Companion Pavilion, 2007
  10. ^ Bright, Spencer (8 December 1996). "Jim'll Fix It". Sunday Times. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
  11. ^ a b Behind the Mask documentary, on the 2004 film DVD
  12. ^ Evans, Everett (2 December 1990). "You need program to keep `Phantom' productions straight". Houston Chronicle.
  13. ^ Maria Bjornson Dies; Theatre Production Designer was 53 (December 16, 2002). LiveDesign archive Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  14. ^ Maria Bjornson obituary. London times archive Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  15. ^ Phantom of the Opera DVD (2004 film). Amazon.com Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  16. ^ a b Propst, Andy. Broadway's Phantom of the Opera to Reach Historic 9,000th Performance on September 17 TheaterMania.com. 14 September 2009.
  17. ^ "The Phantom of the Opera: Show awards". Andrew Lloyd Webber's Really Useful Group. Retrieved 23 April 2008.
  18. ^ Glendinning, Lee (3 May 2008). "Musical to return louder than ever". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 May 2008.
  19. ^ http://www.thephantomoftheopera.com/news/latest-news/phantom-live-in-cinemas-for-25th-anniversary
  20. ^ Lloyd Webber had hoped to open in Toronto prior to Broadway but political pressure forced the change.Phantom of the Opera, at the Internet Broadway Database, accessed 31 January 2008
  21. ^ POTO Onstage, phantom-media.info - accessed 10 May 2009
  22. ^ The Phantom of the Opera: opening night production credits. IBDB.com. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
  23. ^ a b c Westley, Christine: "Phantom - The Las Vegas Spectacular. TheatreMania.com. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
  24. ^ Casting: PhantomLasVegas.com Retrieved September 8, 2011
  25. ^ Jacqueline Martin (1995) "Understanding theatre: performance analysis in theory and practice". p.143. Almqvist & Wiksell, 1995
  26. ^ a b Phantom Las Vegas: Musical Numbers
  27. ^ Perry, George. "The Complete Phantom of the Opera". Owl Books, 1991, ISBN 0-8050-1722-4.
  28. ^ "American certifications – Phantom Of The Opera". Recording Industry Association of America.
  29. ^ "British album certifications – Phantom Of The Opera". British Phonographic Industry. Select albums in the Format field. Type Phantom Of The Opera in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
  30. ^ "Canadian certifications – Andrew Lloyd Webber – Phantom Of The Opera". Music Canada.
  31. ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('Phantom Of The Opera')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien.
  32. ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank ('Das Phantom der Oper')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
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  36. ^ Hear the Opera Andrew Lloyd Webber Allegedly Plagiarized. SFist. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
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External links

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