Talk:Pakistan

Request for Comment (Taliban in Pakistan article)

Several editors want to bring Pakistan up to FA status. As of now the article, though featuring a sentence about Pakistan's estimates on the toll and costs to its own country because of the War in Afghanistan ("War on Terror"), does not mention Pakistan's relationship to the Afghan Taliban. Should the article mention Pakistan's relationship to the Afghan Taliban? If yes, how should it be phrased in this article? (please also refer to the sources in the sub-section below)

• Option 1: No.

It should not be mentioned at all.

• Option 2: Yes.

"Pakistan's international relations have been affected by allegations of support for the Taliban and by its response to these accusations."

• Option 3: Yes.

"Between 1994 and 2001 Pakistan provided military support to the Taliban and there are allegations (denied by Pakistan) that the Pakistani government continues to support the Afghan Taliban."

• Option 3 (b): Yes.

"There are reports that Pakistan supported the Taliban between 1994 and 2001, and allegations of continued support to the Taliban after 2001. The government of Pakistan has denied supporting the Taliban either before or after 2001."

• Option 4:Yes.

"Pakistan's Interior Minister, Naseerullah Babar, stated that Pakistan created and supported the Taliban from 1994 onwards. Before 9/11, up to 100,000 Pakistanis including the Frontier Corps are reported to have fought alongside the Taliban and Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. Pakistan is accused of providing continued support to the Afghan Taliban in the War in Afghanistan (2001-present), which Pakistan denies."

JCAla (talk) 07:03, 19 May 2012 (UTC)

Note: Please see Talk:Pakistan/Archive 15#Taliban for discussion that lead to this RFC and should be included in resulting consensus. --lTopGunl (talk) 17:41, 2 May 2012 (UTC)

Summary of sources

• Note: The sources below are as cherry-picked by JCAla and disputed by me (they should atleast be collapsed so as not to flood the discussion as they are mere quotations), I also have objection to RFC summary as it is written by JCAla and not by a neutral editor (it does not include the suggestion I added in the end of my comment as proposed in discussion). [Was done]. --lTopGunl (talk) 11:31, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

• McGrath, Kevin (2011). Confronting Al Qaeda: new strategies to combat terrorism. Naval Institute Press. p. 138:

"We created the Taliban," Nasrullah Babar, the interior minister under Benazir Bhutto, [stated in 1999]. "Mrs. Bhutto had a vision: that through a peaceful Afghanistan, Pakistan could extend its influence into the resource-rich territories of Central Asia." The Pakistani military's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (ISI) provided assistance to the Taliban regime, to include its military and Al-Qaeda-related terrorits training camps, to further this vision. Since 9/11, Pakistan's military and civilian leaders have played a double game. One the one hand, Pakistan assures the United States that it is vigorously repressing Islamic militants. On the other hand, it aids and abets those same militants. "Publicly, Pakistan and the militants are enemies. Privately, they are friends."

• The Oxford Companion to Politics in the world. Oxford University Press (2001):

"Since 1994, an estimated 80,000—100,000 Pakistanis have reportedly trained and fought for the Taliban in Afghanistan: this "creeping invasion" of Afghanistan has been a major factor in the expansion of Taliban influence"

• Admiral Mullen: Pakistani ISI sponsoring Haqqani attacks, The LONGWAR Journal (2011):

"Admiral Michael Mullen, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, highlighted the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence Agency's role in sponsoring the Haqqani Network - including attacks on American forces in Afghanistan. "The fact remains that the Quetta Shura [Taliban] and the Haqqani Network operate from Pakistan with impunity," Mullen said in his written testimony. "Extremist organizations serving as proxies of the government of Pakistan are attacking Afghan troops and civilians as well as US soldiers." ... Years later, Pakistan's duplicity in this long war is still a major problem."

Further Sources

Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf (2007) "When we sided with the Taliban, it was for good reasons: first, that they would bring peace to Afghanistan by bringing the warlords to heel; second, that the success of the Taliban would spell the defeat of the anti-Pakistan Northern Alliance." United Nations (1999-2001) "The [UN security council] resolution imposes an arms embargo against the Taliban, including foreign military assistance that UN officials say comes mainly from Pakistan."[1] "United Nations officials say that the Taliban gets their strongest sustained support from Pakistan."[2] "In a statement on 22 October, the Security Council also expressed deep distress over reports of involvement in the fighting, on the Taliban side, of thousands of non-Afghan nationals." [3] "Pakistan's intelligence agency and army were involved in planning major Taliban military operations. The extent of this support has attracted widespread international criticism. In November 2000 the U.N. secretary-general implicitly accused Pakistan of providing such support."[4] Human Rights Watch (2000) "Of all the foreign powers involved in efforts to sustain and manipulate the ongoing fighting [in Afghanistan], Pakistan is distinguished both by the sweep of its objectives and the scale of its efforts, which include soliciting funding for the Taliban, bankrolling Taliban operations, providing diplomatic support as the Taliban's virtual emissaries abroad, arranging training for Taliban fighters, recruiting skilled and unskilled manpower to serve in Taliban armies, planning and directing offensives, providing and facilitating shipments of ammunition and fuel, and ... directly providing combat support."[5] "Pakistani aircraft assisted with troop rotations of Taliban forces during combat operations in late 2000 and senior members of Pakistan's intelligence agency and army were involved in planning major Taliban military operations. The extent of this support has attracted widespread international criticism."[6] Academia "The [Pakistani] ISI's undemocratic tendencies are not restricted to its interference in the electoral process. The organisation also played a major role in creating the Taliban movement." (Jones, Owen Bennett (2003). Pakistan: eye of the storm. Yale University Press. pp. 240) "Pakistan had all but invented the Taliban, the so-called Koranic students" (Randal, Jonathan (2005). Osama: The Making of a Terrorist. I.B.Tauris. pp. 26. ISBN 9781845111175) "Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence agency used the students from these madrassas, the Taliban, to create a favourable regime in Afghanistan" (Boase, Roger (2010). Islam and Global Dialogue: Religious Pluralism and the Pursuit of Peace. Ashgate. pp. 85. ISBN 978-1409403449) "Pakistani support for the Taliban included direct and indirect military involvement, logistical support" (Goodson, Larry P. (2002). Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics and the Rise of the Taliban. University of Washington Press. pp. 111. ISBN 978-0295981116) "The Pakistan government's then Interior Minister Naseerullah Babar reportedly justified Pakistan's crucial backing for the militia with the claim that "our boys" (Taliban) were protecting Pakistani "interests". Pakistan's diplomatic machinery especially its representative at the UN was instructed to persistently deny any Pakistani role in the militia's victories." (Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan) Amin Saikal in Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival (2006): "Although publicly maintaining a policy of denial of any support for the Taliban [at that time], her government expanded its logistic and military assistance to the militia, as was subsequently confirmed by hundreds of Pakistani officers, troopers and volunteers who were captured by anti Taliban forces." "The Taliban were made into an effective political and military unit by the Pakistan government, the ISI and other parts of the Pakistan government. Would the Taliban have been able to come to power without Pakistan's help? Of course the Taliban could never have come to power without the help of Pakistan."[7] George Washington University (2007): "Islamabad denies that it ever provided military support to the Taliban but the newly-released documents ... conclude that there has been an extensive and consistent history of 'both military and financial assistance to the Taliban.'"[8] "Throughout 1995, the collaboration between ISI and the Taliban increased, and it changed character. It became more and more of a direct military alliance. ... They received guns; they received money; they received fuel; they received infrastructure support. They also, we know, had direct on-the-ground support from undercover Pakistani officers in civilian clothes who would participate in particular military battles. ... They were an asset of the ISI. I think it's impossible to understand the Taliban's military triumph in Afghanistan, culminating in their takeover of Kabul in 1996, without understanding that they were a proxy force, a client of the Pakistan army, and benefited from all of the materiel support that the Pakistan army could provide them ..."[9] "Pakistan became directly involved in the conflict in Afghanistan, supporting the Taliban in the 1990s …" (Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival (2006 1st ed.). I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd., London New York. p. 352.) "'Bhutto’s interior minister, General Nasirullah Babur discovered and empowered a group of former Mujahideen from the Kandahar area as Pakistan’s new strategic card in the Afghan conflict.' … In the late 1990s, Pakistan continued to support the Taliban regime in its war against the Northern Alliance."[10] "The ISI was trying to create a puppet state in Afghanistan? Yes. And they created the Taliban in order to facilitate that? That's right. ... You had an unholy alliance combining ISI, Al Qaeda and the Taliban. But then [and] right up until 9/11, this unholy alliance was dominated, directed, guided mostly by ISI in Pakistan."[11] Encyclopedia "The Taliban emerged as a significant force in Afghanistan in 1994 ... which marked the beginning of a long-term alliance between the group and Pakistani security forces." Columbia Encyclopedia Media (New York Times, Washington Times, etc.) New York Times: "When the Taliban dominated Afghanistan in the 1990s, General Babar, then the interior minister of Pakistan under Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, called the new rulers “our boys.” Colonel Imam, working for Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence served as Pakistan’s consul general in the strategic Afghan town of Herat, providing vital financial and military support to the Taliban. ... He viewed the creation of the Taliban in Afghanistan as an important buffer for Pakistan against Central Asia and Russia. “I’m not sure General Babar realized what demons he unleashed,” said Aitzaz Ahsan, a prominent Pakistani lawyer who was interior minister in an earlier Bhutto government." Pakistani Tribune: "Babar’s role in propping up and supporting the Taliban in Afghanistan was also pivotal. He made no bones about the fact that he was the father of the Taliban and commanded respect within the Taliban leadership. However, the sources say, Babar looked at Taliban as a ‘strategic and political ally’, not an organisation he was ideologically connected to, and believed a Taliban government could help Pakistan strategically." "Pakistan's military backs Afghanistan's Taliban rulers."[12] "Pakistani military advisers, were spearheading a merciless Taliban offensive against moderate Muslim communities in Northern Afghanistan."[13] "The level of support reaching Massoud's men is a fraction of that reaching the Taliban from Islamabad."[14] International Governments "Tehran accused Pakistan of sending its air force to bomb the city in support of the Taliban's advance and said Iran was holding Pakistan responsible for what it termed war crimes at Bamiyan."[15] Nicole Fontaine, Head of European Parliament: " …speak firmly to the Pakistani authorities. … I will solemnly ask Pakistan to cease supporting a [Taliban] regime which because of its fanatical and obscure views is setting its fate against international society."[16] ”Russia today accused Pakistan of directly participating in the Taliban military offensive in northern Afghanistan close to the borders of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and warned that Moscow reserves the right to take any action to ensure the security of its allies in Central Asia. A spokesman for the Russian Foreign Ministry Valery Nesterushkin accused Pakistan of planning the Taliban "military expansion" in the north of Afghanistan and directly participating in the Taliban military operations and taking care of their logistics…. "Concrete facts, including large number of Pakistani servicemen taken prisoners by the units of northern alliance provide this evidence," Nesterushkin stressed.”[17] "U.S. documents released today clearly illustrate that the Taliban was directly funded, armed and advised by Islamabad itself. Obtained under the Freedom of Information Act by the National Security Archive at George Washington University, the documents reflect U.S. apprehension about Islamabad's longstanding provision of direct aid and military support to the Taliban, including the use of Pakistani troops to train and fight alongside the Taliban inside Afghanistan." [18] "Administration officials told Pakistani Foreign Minister Abdul Sattar during his recent visit to Washington that the White House had a "growing body of evidence" that Islamabad was in violation of U.N. sanctions because of its military aid to the Taliban."[19] French media archive video: "Pakistani army personnel captured by Massoud"[20]

Option statements

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• Option 1 (with flexibility for 2 and 3(b)): I've explained at great length in the section above why this should not be included. To summarize my reasons, such controversial statement will need explanations from both sides making it unnecessarily long. This dispute has been lingering for months at Taliban article itself and has gone repeatedly at NPOVN and repeatedly brought up which is just WP:POINT because it achieved a given consensus at that article once. Each time it gets dug up, it only brings more bickering with it wasting everyone's time and over-running achieved consensus. In short it would be counter-productive because it has been discussed before at Talk:Pakistan/Archive 15#The Taliban and Talk:Pakistan/Archive_13#"... especially after Pakistan ended its support of the Taliban regime in Kabul." where consensus was not to include such in this article. If any consensus is achieved to include such a statement in this article, I have suggested the Option 2 so as to state the issue without stating a party's POV. Pakistan has strongly denied providing any support to Taliban before or after 9/11. The sources JCAla has provided are discussing whether actual support has been given or not... and per this consensus on the issue, Wikipedia:Neutral point of view/Noticeboard/Archive 28#Taliban, it is not appropriate for wikipedia to state the support as a fact. If at all it is included denials should be present in-line. None of JCAla's sources attribute any admission of support to the Pakistani government and rather to individuals. Even the sources that do say that Pakistan actually supported Taliban still accept that Pakistan denied supporting the Taliban before 9/11:

"While politicians in Islamabad repeatedly denied that Pakistan supported the Taliban, the reality was quite the opposite." [21].

There are also reliable sources that attribute Islamabad's denial:

"Islamabad denies that it ever provided military support to the Taliban." [22]

This is also present in most recent reports:

"Pakistan has repeatedly denied that it is the architect of the Taliban enterprise." [23]

As for the current support, there're vigorous denial reports present in the media and the denial not disputed even if the support is. I strongly oppose the Option 4 as unacceptable which goes against the consensus here stating things as fact and not adding appropriate denials and giving undue weight to a scandal statement by the foreign minister which is more appropriate for discussion at its own article and not the country article which has much more to deal than even politics in general. Option 3 is the least acceptable statement to me only and only if denial for pre-9/11 support is added to it and if consensus is in favour of including POVs of both sides instead of the first two options; that is, in this form of modified option 3 (now included in RFC options as option 3 (b)) with complete attribution and denial:

"There are reports that Pakistan supported the Taliban between 1994 and 2001, and allegations of continued support to the Taliban after 2001. The government of Pakistan has denied supporting the Taliban either before or after 2001."

--lTopGunl (talk) 11:34, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

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• Option 4 is preferable as being most accurate. Option 3 secondary choice as a compromise version. Given the sources used for Pakistan denial also say Pakistan: "The Taliban's Godfather"? Documents Detail Years of Pakistani Support for Taliban, Extremists Covert Policy Linked Taliban, Kashmiri Militants, Pakistan's Pashtun Troops[24] And "While politicians in Islamabad repeatedly denied that Pakistan supported the Taliban, the reality was quite the opposite."[25] It is obvious that all reliable sources state as fact that before 9/11 Pakistan aided the Taliban. We should not give undue weight to Government denials and should reflect what the mainstream says. All academic sources, MSM and NGO's say Pakistan founded, gave financial and military support and continues to do so. Airlift of Evil being a prime example. Darkness Shines (talk) 11:52, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

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• Option 4 reflects the true scope of Pakistan's relationship with the Afghan Taliban. Option 3 (a) could be agreed on only as a secondary choice and compromise version. As can be seen under the sources section, the majority of reliable sources states as a matter of fact that Pakistan gave (military) support to the Taliban before 9/11. Naseerullah Babar who was Pakistan's interior minister in 1994 when the Taliban were founded explicitly said: "We created the Taliban." Even Pervez Musharraf, then Pakistani army chief, said: "When we sided with the Taliban ... it was to spell the defeat of" anti-Taliban forces. While Pakistan did have an official policy of denial until 1999, the statements of today by those who were the government of Pakistan then (there is no misunderstanding "we created the Taliban", creation goes beyond support), clearly back up what the reliable sources have been stating as a matter of fact for a very long time. Some examples:

1. The Yale University Press published: "The ISI's undemocratic tendencies are not restricted to its interference in the electoral process. The organisation also played a major role in creating the Taliban movement." (Jones, Owen Bennett (2003). Pakistan: eye of the storm. p. 240)
2. The University of Washington Press published: "Pakistani support for the Taliban included direct and indirect military involvement, logistical support". (Goodson, Larry P. (2002). Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics and the Rise of the Taliban. p. 111)
3. The Oxford University Press calling Pakistan's involvement in Afghanistan a "creeping invasion" published: "Since 1994, an estimated 80,000—100,000 Pakistanis have reportedly trained and fought for the Taliban in Afghanistan: this "creeping invasion" of Afghanistan has been a major factor in the expansion of Taliban influence". (The Oxford Companion to Politics in the world, Oxford University Press 2001)
4. The New York Times wrote in 2011: "When the Taliban dominated Afghanistan in the 1990s, General Babar, then the interior minister of Pakistan under Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, called the new rulers 'our boys.'"
5. Pulitzer Prize-winning author of "Ghost Wars", Steve Coll, states: "They [Afghan Taliban] were an asset of the ISI. ... they were a proxy force, a client of the Pakistan army, and benefited from all of the materiel support that the Pakistan army could provide them". [26]

Pakistan claims it ended its support to the Taliban post 9/11, but a majority of international experts and analysts as well as the most senior international officials have brought forward allegations and evidence that Pakistan keeps supporting the Afghan Taliban. Since, in contrast to the pre-9/11 period, reliable sources state the post-9/11 as an allegation, we decided to have the post-9/11 support as an allegation. For both periods, pre-9/11 and post-9/11, wikipedia with option 4 or 3 would reflect the majority of reliable sources according to policy. JCAla (talk) 16:10, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

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• Option 4 (with caveat): Based on the premise that this is the clearest, most neutral and most clearly verifiable by sources. More tweaking could be achieved regarding making the comment completely neutral and devoid of any accusations of bias one way or the other - but that is always the most difficult thing to achieve in this type of situation. I hope I've placed this comment in the right place (responding to RfC) - if not feel free to move it elsewhere. isfutile:P (talk) 12:18, 9 May 2012 (UTC)

  How's option 4 neutral with almost everything stated as a fact and a three word denial? Have you seen this? --lTopGunl (talk) 14:59, 9 May 2012 (UTC)

• Sir, option 4 is not the most neutral or there wouldn't be so much argument involved. Its one view which has oppositions and contradictions just like others. Neither is it most clearly verifiable, other options have reliable and authentic references. Simple superlatives are not helping. Samar (Talk . Contributions) 14:48, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

... there are arguments about all the options. Option 4 is indeed the most accurate. JCAla (talk) 19:20, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

Its one view which has oppositions and contradictions just like others. Yes, there are arguments about all options, no denying. Simple superlatives are not helping. Samar (Talk . Contributions) 06:03, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

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• Option 3(b): This is the most to the point while at the same complying with the resolution of Wikipedia:Neutral point of view/Noticeboard/Archive 28#Taliban (with which I whole-heartedly agree). Option 2 comes a poor second -- poor because it's too oblique. Option 1 is completely unacceptable as ignoring something so obviously prominent in recent history. Options 3(a) and 4 are completely unacceptable as flying in the face of the above NPOV/N resolution. --Stfg (talk) 16:37, 9 May 2012 (UTC)

That resolution was only about the post-9/11 period as only the sources for that period were the matter of discussion on that board. Pre-9/11 was not the issue there and the source and factual situation for that period is completely different. When Pakistan's fmr. president Musharraf and fmr. interior minister Babar (both in office during the time in question) say for the pre-9/11 period they "sided with" (Musharraf) respectively "created" (Babar) the Taliban, then of course there is no longer a NPOV problem in stating, they supported the Taliban pre-9/11. As their denial during that time has been nullified by their more recent admissions. JCAla (talk) 09:14, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

Neither the question nor the resolution of the NPOV/N make any distinction between pre- and post-9/11. What it says is that we should report on what the sources say, not on the extent to which we believe specific sources. That is a timeless principle. If sources for government denial of pre-9/11 support cannot be found, then of course my preferred option would change. But the existence of RSs alleging pre-9/11 support says nothing about the existence or otherwise of RSs denying it. It all comes down to sources. If any government denials are now superseded by later government admissions, please show sources for that. For now, my view is unchanged. --Stfg (talk) 10:11, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

I have seen no reliable sources which state "Pakistan did not support the Taliban pre-9/11". Have you? Can you show me them? I have only seen sources say "Pakistan had a policy of denial, although it supported them" pre-9/11. Would you give equal weight to a government denial which is explicitly described as untrue in the reliable sources it is mentioned and to what the reliable sources actually say? Even more so, when the denial has been superseded by later admission that Pakistan was indeed involved in supporting and bringing the Taliban to power. The sources are under the "sources" section. But here they are again.

• Robert D. Crews, Amin Tarzi. The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan. p. 102: "... in a BBC interview, Benazir Bhutto shed light on American involvement admitting that her government had trained the Taliban in Pakistan with American financial assistance. Benazir Bhutto conceded that this group [Taliban] developed out of a joint venture among the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, Pakistan's Ministry of Interior, and the Pakistani merchants and trucking network." (please check here)
• Kevin McGrath (2011). Confronting Al Qaeda: new strategies to combat terrorism. Naval Institute Press. p. 138: "We created the Taliban," Nasrullah Babar, the interior minister under Benazir Bhutto, [stated in 1999]. "Mrs. Bhutto had a vision: that through a peaceful Afghanistan, Pakistan could extend its influence into the resource-rich territories of Central Asia." (please check here)
• Pervez Musharraf (2006). In the Line of Fire: A Memoir. p. 209: "When we sided with the Taliban, it was for good reasons: first, that they would bring peace to Afghanistan by bringing the warlords to heel; second, that the success of the Taliban would spell the defeat of the anti-Pakistan Northern Alliance."(please check here)

Pervez Musharraf published that in 2006. He was President of Pakistan until 2008. He said "we sided" to "spell the defeat of" anti-Taliban forces in Afghanistan, while the fmr. interior minister even said "we created the Taliban".

The discussion of the NPOV/N was only about post-9/11 and the reason for the discussion was that some wanted the ISI to be featured as a current ally in the Talib article infobox, and others didn't want to.

JCAla (talk) 18:30, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

See my reply below where JCAla has copy pasted these walls of text. Please take it to extended discussion when you are commenting in general or on more than one comments. Refer to Wikipedia:Tendentious editing. --lTopGunl (talk) 10:54, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

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• Option 3(b): Its best to go with an option where every side's opinion is included. Due weight should be given to the Government's response (denial) because it is the primary source of all proofs; all the rest are just reports and allegations and statements.

Option 4 is an absolute no.

Pakistan's Interior Minister, Naseerullah Babar, admitted in 1999 that Pakistan created and gave military support to the Taliban from 1994 until 9/11.

He admitted in 1999 that Pakistan supported Taliban from 1994 till 9/11 which took place in 2001! No more comment on this.

Option 1: Again no, since this has become one of major focus of discussions for Pakistan and it is not right to ignore this.

Option 3(b) because it almost gives all view points.

Comment: There doesn't seem to be one right solution for such issues, every opinion is present and every opinion will have some reliable background. Its better to get rid of the 'I want THAT candy' attitude and try to find a middle ground. Cheers Samar (Talk . Contributions) 12:24, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

LOL actually for what you pointed out about the "admission" of support till 2001 in 1999! No idea how I missed something that ridiculous. That just tells how blatant an attempt it was to push in POV. --lTopGunl (talk) 13:21, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

Samar, you are right with regards to the sentence (changed that). But you are of course not right with regards to the issue. He admitted in 1999 that "we created the Taliban". However, post 1999 he kept stating that Pakistan was supporting the Taliban and that he was the "father of the Taliban". JCAla (talk) 18:30, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

Ah JCAla, try to find a middle ground here. Please try to understand every option has for and against arguments. I agree option 4 has its own source, but if it is based on comments from one ex FM and one ex President then what about the whole lot of current and past PMs, FMs, presidents, senior officials stating otherwise. Anyways, can't argue if that's your final decision. Cheers Samar (Talk . Contributions) 06:50, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

I wish you had come earlier to this debate because then we could have more options to discuss than we currently have in this RFC. Anyways, Pervez Musharraf ("we sided with the Taliban" in order to "defeat" anti-Taliban forces) was not just "one ex President". Musharraf was Pakistan's military ruler from 1998-2007/2008 (which is much of the time in question). The ISI belongs to the army. Benazir Bhutto was the head of state during the time (1993-1996) when the Taliban were created and rose to power and she also said the same as Babar. (see sources under Stfg's option statement) Please show me statements by Pakistani officials as senior as the ones named above (which do not pre-date these rather current admissions). JCAla (talk) 07:55, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

See my reply below where JCAla has copy pasted these walls of text. Attempting to join these discussion forks. Better move them to extended. --lTopGunl (talk) 10:51, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

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• In my opinion lTopGunl has explained deeply and widely as NPOV,there should not be forced to linking the ways which does not fall under the article criteria.I suggest option 1 is the best way to compromise realities and facts.I am traveling and have no much time to fully participate in the discussion .Justice007 (talk) 12:11, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

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• Option 3(b) seems to be just the ticket. Option 4 has too much detail for a summary article. Option 2 is vague. Option 1 is a no because this is salient information relating to Pakistan. --regentspark (comment) 13:24, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

Except that 3b is factually incorrect.

• Robert D. Crews, Amin Tarzi. The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan. p. 102: "... in a BBC interview, Benazir Bhutto shed light on American involvement admitting that her government had trained the Taliban in Pakistan with American financial assistance. Benazir Bhutto conceded that this group [Taliban] developed out of a joint venture among the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, Pakistan's Ministry of Interior, and the Pakistani merchants and trucking network." (please check here)
• Kevin McGrath (2011). Confronting Al Qaeda: new strategies to combat terrorism. Naval Institute Press. p. 138: "We created the Taliban," Nasrullah Babar, the interior minister under Benazir Bhutto, [stated in 1999]. "Mrs. Bhutto had a vision: that through a peaceful Afghanistan, Pakistan could extend its influence into the resource-rich territories of Central Asia." (please check here)
• Pervez Musharraf (2006). In the Line of Fire: A Memoir. p. 209: "When we sided with the Taliban, it was for good reasons: first, that they would bring peace to Afghanistan by bringing the warlords to heel; second, that the success of the Taliban would spell the defeat of the anti-Pakistan Northern Alliance."(please check here)

Pervez Musharraf published that in 2006. He was President of Pakistan until 2008. He said "we sided" to "spell the defeat of" anti-Taliban forces in Afghanistan, while the fmr. interior minister even said "we created the Taliban". And Benazir Bhutto explained the Pakistani "joint venture" which created the Taliban. JCAla (talk) 19:01, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

1) Sided is weasel as it can point to merely recognizing their government... 2) You are copy pasting your sources on all option statements and this repetition will not change the fact that these are either cherry picked scandal statements or weasel comments. I have given proper sources which say that Islamabad denied ever giving military support to Taliban in these exact words. Please refrain from copy pasting the sources to your each comment as they are creating similar walls of text which were pointed out to you at ANI. This is the fourth instance in this very RFC where you have pasted a copy of these including a separate dedicated section which you made for them. --lTopGunl (talk) 10:51, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

Can you for once stay on topic or shall I remember you how many things have been pointed out to you on ANI and elsewhere about several things?! I am sorry but these are the best quality reliable sources, these are statements by the most senior Pakistani goverment leaders themselves. "Military support" is not the same as "support". 3b states, "The government of Pakistan has denied supporting the Taliban either before or after 2001". That is simply a blatant source falsification (as currently everyone likes this term so much). They admit to creating the Taliban, training them and siding with them to defeat others (before 9/11). Above are the evidence. JCAla (talk) 11:13, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

Yes, I'm on topic. Don't expect me to ignore the copy pastes. Well, lucky for me I've given sources for both military support and support. My point stands. --lTopGunl (talk) 11:30, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

No, you didn't. You gave two sources. One referring only to "military support". The other merely describing a denial (identified by same source as untrue) and being nullified by more recent admissions. JCAla (talk) 11:37, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

Since you agreed that I gave a source for the denial of support as well, I'll point out that we are debating on the denial here. There's no question of stating the support as a fact, that's already decided. And I don't think it is nullified by scandal statements and weasel comments; not nearly comparable to official stance, which you attribute as "admissions". --lTopGunl (talk) 11:43, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

That has not already been decided. As these sources were never discussed before. It is quite amusing that you would refer to the most reliable sources and the statements of the most senior Pakistani politicians as "scandal statements and weasel comments". JCAla (talk) 11:49, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

Stfg and others have verified that NPOVN discussion. So I'll rest my case. --lTopGunl (talk) 11:53, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

Verified, yes, that all povs need to be presented. POV of senior Pakistani leaders is that they created the Taliban. JCAla (talk) 12:53, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

My note

• I think we should bold but not foolish,we have to discuss concept of the wiki rules. It seems to me that we are trying to create here a kind of political platform. It is a big blunder not to know who created the Taliban??,they were called Mujahideen, and now terrorists and next may be possible great friend of U. We should not and must not blaming all the Pakistani leaders, non of them has created the Taliban, we know and you know too who is behind?.Taliban issue is no any way related or relevant to article of Pakistan, it is cristal clear. I will back soon at my station,and give proper reply with reliable sources and NPOV. Justice007 (talk) 04:34, 12 May 2012 (UTC)

As my comment

As my comment, here is my second reply. As my view, any state is a strutcure first, than something else. Similarly Pakistan is a first structure of a state,and article should be based on it,rather than on her leaders or individual groups behaviours. if there are concerns about that, that shoud be mentioned in separate article, not in the state's article, nor its any sections. As other states articles exist. I do realy not go into the history of Afghan Talibans, who created them, who used them , who declared them terrorists and now who is most interested to compromise with ??? them 1 2 . Political and journalistic games , we all know and understand (Analysis by Aleem Maqbool) . State of Pakistan is not involved in any terrorist organization nor supporting them 3 , while Pakistan is itself targeted by Afghani or Pakistani Taliban ( terrorists) 4 . Actually why West and USA is blaming that Pakistan is helping Afghan Taliban?, and self eager to make them again friend?. We should use Commonsense, rather than insisting to add section in the article Pakistan about helping Taliban.Well,if there are necessary requirements or desires of someone, it should be done in separate creating article.Justice007 (talk) 13:03, 28 May 2012 (UTC)

---

• Option 3(b) : I agree with Samar's statement and TopGun that option 3b is the best choice here. Even America's Hillary Clinton has her own confusing statements. At one point Obama administration supports Pakistan's role in fight against terrorism[27] and then Ms Clinton goes to India and speaks that Pakistan is not doing enough[28].
  Option 4 is simply over detailed.
  Option 2 is simply bewildering and impalpable.
  Option 3(b) because it's defect less and is simply perfect.
  TopGun has correctly given the explanation and if Option 3(b) doesn't seem right, I think we should go for Option 1 as it is following NPOV
  Simply arguing again and again over petty issues isn't the way to resolve conflicts.
  I suggest that Option 3(b) must be considered here
  --Inlandmamba _{(talk to me)} 17:42, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

---

• Option 3(b) is the closest to what I can call a neutral summarized statement, as I think the issue of supporting Taliban do need a mention and also the pre and post 9/11 needs separate mention. The other thing that, using the word like created is not good to reflect Pakistan's support or help to different smaller Mujahideen factions and political parties who participated in Soviet war to group together and form a civilian government in Afghanistan rather than fighting with each other, that most of the groups were doing after Soviet exit. Pakistan was helping to bring stability to Afghanistan so the millions of refugees who came to Pakistan during Soviet war could return to their homes who were putting a considerable financial pressure on Pakistan's economy and as an unstable Afghanistan is also threat to Pakistan's stability. --SMS ^Talk 12:12, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

LOL. What, dear sirs and madams from Wikiproject Pakistan?! 1) This is about Taliban, not Soviet period and mujahideen. 2) Pakistan after Soviet period supported Gulbuddin Hekmatyar to destroy stability in Afghanistan. Without Pakistan's support Hekmatyar "would not have been able to target and destroy half of Kabul." (Amin Saikal, Modern Afghanistan. 2006) 3) Taliban led to even more refugees going to Pakistan. JCAla (talk) 12:45, 11 May 2012 (UTC)

You are incorrect. The Afghan Taliban largely evolved from Pashtun fighters who were previously what you call "mujahideen" forces engaged in the Soviet war; these same Taliban were once funded by CIA money. Got to agree with SMS as far as the use of the word "created" is concerned; it is not relevant to the context, since the various factions have a background back in the Soviet war and the aim after the war was to unify factions in the country to make some sort of government. How effective that was, as observed by the fact that Afghan factions started fighting each other instead, is a seperate issue. We only add content relevant to Pakistan in this article and stay to the point. If some Afghan warlords and factions couldn't get over their differences and form a civilized country (for whatever reasons), the only place relevant for discussing that would be Talk:Afghanistan instead. Mar4d (talk) 14:08, 18 May 2012 (UTC)

The Afghan Taliban largely evolved from Pashtun refugees in Pakistan, indoctrinated in Pakistani madrassas. Some of their commanders may have fought in the Soviet war with the Harakat Inqilab or Hezb Khalis faction. The Taliban as an organization were however created long after the Soviets were gone, they just inherited the support structure in Pakistan formerly working for mujahideen factions such as Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's. Pakistan's aim after the Soviet war, beginning in 1990, was not to unify the factions, rather to install puppet Gulbuddin Hekmatyar as dictator against the will of all other Afghan parties. When the Afghan mujahideen factions unified under the Islamic State of Afghanistan, Pakistan's Hekmatyar worked as the spoiler placing the Afghan capital under extensive bombardment. When Hekmatyar's campaign failed, and the Islamic State started to consolidate power, Pakistan dropped him (at which point he had to surrender completely) and introduced and created (according to own words) another spoiler, the Taliban. The second Pakistan drops the Afghan Taliban, they will have one year and then they will perish. That is the role of Pakistan in Afghanistan. Unity and an independent, reinvigorated Afghanistan going back to the late 1960s eye-to-eye relationship and border disputes is the last thing Pakistan wants. Either it is a dependent government or chaos. JCAla (talk) 15:21, 18 May 2012 (UTC)

Nice story of afghani view --Highstakes00 (talk) 11:53, 2 June 2012 (UTC) Highstakes is a confirmed sock account.

---

• Option 1 usa create taliban but american article is not in rfc this is pov pushing to say such thing here. Option 4 is pov pushing every one has oppose option 4 so do not use it. 3b is neutral good suggestion of my fellow editors but debate is not over still why we mention taliban in Pakistani page? Pakistan page must mention country detail as we discuss before this is a single taliban problem. Afghan taliban is not very important in Pakistan. Taliban in Pakistan are TTP terrorist they are different Pakistan is fighting with TTP. Afghan taliban must be mention in Afghanistan page. --Highstakes00 (talk) 00:24, 18 May 2012 (UTC) Highstakes is a confirmed sock account. JCAla (talk) 15:20, 7 June 2012 (UTC)
  • A note on highstakes, blocked users' comments from when they were not blocked are valid. The user is not tagged as a sock rather blocked for socking after this edit. The blocking administrator is free to clarify and strike my comment if applicable. --lTopGunl (talk) 19:51, 7 June 2012 (UTC) Strike per Salvio below. --lTopGunl (talk) 22:36, 7 June 2012 (UTC)
    • Note. I am the checkuser who blocked Highstakes00 and I believe his !vote should not be counted by the closing admin; this account was blocked as a block-evading sockpuppet and not as a sockmaster. Salvio ^{Let's talk about it!} 20:13, 7 June 2012 (UTC)
      • Thanks for clarifying as no details about the block were available. I've struck my comment. --lTopGunl (talk) 22:36, 7 June 2012 (UTC)

---

• Option 1, with Option 3(b) as second preference The proposals contain nothing about the Soviet war which is a background to the conflict. And, as a user above pointed out, there seems to be nothing about the involvement of the United States in funding these factions once upon a time. The options thus seem quite mediocre. Further, I still stand by my original proposal which was that if this is to be included, there should be an entire paragraph on diplomatic relations with Afghanistan which also touches issues such as the Durand Line dispute and Afghanistan's interference in Pakistan's internal affairs post-1947 so that readers can get an entire perspective and background on foreign relations. This is just one egg in the basket. Nevertheless, if not option 1, I would support Option 3(b) as second preference as that is the only remotely neutral option. Mar4d (talk) 14:36, 18 May 2012 (UTC)

---

• Option 1, with flexibility for Option 3(b)

Talibans are not exclusive to Pakistan. I don't see any mention of USA involvement with them, so why does Pakistan's mention is needed exclusively? Plus this is a very controversial issue, including it makes way for more explanations or pov pushing from both sides making this portion of article unnecessarily long. However if its to be included I can show flexibility for Option 3b, because it seems to be the most neutral statement out of the given options. September88 (talk) 20:25, 26 May 2012 (UTC)

---

• Option 4 with flexibility to option 3 and strong oppose to 3(b)

option 4 is neutral enough, its not overly detailed as claimed by few above. Gives a decent 2 line intro on the facts with links to investigate further if the reader is interested to read more. well sourced and supported by RS and gives a world view of the incident.

1. Option 1 opposed as violates WP:NOTCENSORED,
2. Option 2 opposed as gives half cooked info.
3. option 3 weak support
4. option 3(b) strong oppose as its Pakistans POV not the world view
5. option 4 support good enough. already mentioned above. --ÐℬigXЯaɣ 05:31, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

You definitely need to read the discussion as a whole. Option 1 is not claiming censorship if you see the explanations given for it. It would be censorship if it was said that the discussion should not appear anywhere on the wiki, this case here is about WP:UNDUE. I have no idea how you've reached the conclusion that option 4 is even nearly neutral (which fails to mention Pakistan's view in it and states the accusation as a fact) but I really do need to correct you on your understanding of option 3 (b). It includes the accusation and the denial (calling it Pakistan's view is simply WP:IDIDNTHEARTHAT). It is a completely balanced view giving weight to all POVs. Also, I can only hope that you don't mean to say that "world view" is congruent to NPOV. --lTopGunl (talk) 00:06, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

---

• Option 4 with flexibility for Option 3.Strong Oppose for 3(b)

As DBigXray said, option 3(b) is surely Pakistan POV..not world's view. ƊṨṫƦⓘ₭ϱ𝝨Ƌǥɭϱ ^Ω 05:45, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

Strike Eagle, this article might be a good read for you. --lTopGunl (talk) 00:06, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

Thanks a lot TopGun..that was quite helpful! దṨṫƦⓘ₭ϱ𝝨Ƌǥɭϱ ^™ 15:52, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

Extended discussion

Note on the options: In the extensive discussion in above section on the Taliban several suggestions were made by participating editors. Two of above options have been suggested by TopGun, namely option 1 and 2. I asked TopGun if he wanted to stand by his version (Option 2) on his talk. He just asked for a "no mention at all" option and I added one. I don't think there is a need for one editor to have three suggestions as he requests above. The third option is a proposal made by User:RegentsPark on April 14 trying to find a compromise. Out of the suggestions RegentsPark made, this is the one hitting middle ground (it does not have terrorism vs India, "direct", "credible") as present in some suggestions by RP, but it also does not have the controversial "denial" (as in another suggestion). The fourth is an additional possibility by me. Note on the source summary: The sources put into the source summary are those which would be needed as citations for some of the options if to be put into the article. Any other sources for further information can be found under "further sources". JCAla (talk) 15:23, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

Here is regentpark's objection on the version (option 3) that you attribute to him. So my objection has been verified clearly. As for the sources, please collapse them as they are quotes and not editor comments hence flooding the page. Ofcourse editors can review them by clicking on show, that does not make them less visible as headers will be present. --lTopGunl (talk) 15:42, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

I do not just attribute it to him, it was in fact made by him on April 14. And he has not generally "objected" to option 3, he just commented on the RFC. JCAla (talk) 16:03, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

You do attribute to him which is an issue [29] since he pointed it out that there's a problem. Simply add both of them in. I don't see any down side of doing that. --lTopGunl (talk) 16:16, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

Four suggestions is already a lot. I don't think we need three just for you. That is way over the top. You chose option 1, now choose option 2 (either stay with your version or choose one from RP to replace it). I'll stay with RP's middleground version (April 14) as option 3 and mine as 4. JCAla (talk) 16:33, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

I've given my statement and I've explained that RP's version has been pointed out as problematic by RP himself, so it will have to be adjusted (not that I think that you have any authority to put a limit to the options in the RFC). Thank you. --lTopGunl (talk) 17:47, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

RP also said he doesn't know enough to be sure and that it would be up to us two to phrase that RFC. I suggest that you write down option 1&2 and I keep option 3&4. Or, you can include RP's other suggestion as a third version but then - to keep it fair and balanced - we'd also need to include the version DarknessShines i. e. voiced his support for which was: "Between 1994 and 2001 Pakistan heavily supported the Taliban. There are credible allegations (denied by Pakistan) that the Pakistani government continues to support the Afghan Taliban as well as terrorist groups active against India." It would be six then, which is way too much. JCAla (talk) 19:41, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

I find it quite telling that you write up a non-neutral RFC summary with a similar structure yourself right after telling me to ask a neutral editor to do so instead of doing so myself. I've objected to both the current structure, may be you should remove the RFC template for a while and discuss that or this is a conduct dispute then. --lTopGunl (talk) 07:23, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

Between that and my posting the RFC, was a truely long period of discussion. Several editors were supportive of me posting an RFC after the long discussion. I asked User:RegentsPark i. e. how best to frame the RFC and I kept to his advise.[30] I then asked you for the option you want to have in the RFC[31] and out of the four options added by me, two represent your suggestions (1&2). You also said: "If you want to put this in an RFC do add a "completely oppose inclusion" option too. Actually better to ask an uninvolved editor frame it, since I even disagree with your conclusion of their being a consensus at all." I did add your options, I did not mention any such consensus as you objected to it and used the frame proposed by RegentsPark. Instead of simply going along with the RFC as there are two of your own suggestions you could support, you are boycotting the RFC. As a compromise, I suggested to you, you should pick 2 of the options of your liking (change them in the RFC if necessary) and I will suggest the two other options. That would be fair and balanced. If you can't agree to that, I suggest all of the four editors involved in the mediation should come up with one option each. JCAla (talk) 08:05, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

• Options 2 and 4 need copy editing for grammar and MoS, as follows:

Option 2: "Pakistan's international relations have been affected by allegations of support tofor the Taliban and by its response to these accusations."

(Note: to doesn't need changing to for in option 3)

Option 4: "Pakistan's Interior Minister, Naseerullah Babar, in 1999 admitted in 1999 that Pakistan created and supportedgave military support to the Taliban militarily from 1994 until 9/11. From 1994- to 1999, up to 100,000 Pakistani_nationals are reportedly to have fought alongside the Taliban and Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. Pakistan is widely accused of continuing to support the Afghan Taliban in the War in Afghanistan (2001-present), which Pakistan denies."

--Stfg (talk) 12:19, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

Done. Thanks. JCAla (talk) 15:50, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

• Please refer to this discussion with the mediator [32]. I have added the left over option per the discussion without editing JCAla's summary. --lTopGunl (talk) 22:50, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

(←) Sorry to pop up so long after this started; I wanted to take time to think. To my mind, none of the options offered is remotely acceptable. Option 1 (no mention) is, as someone rather aptly said, to ignore the elephant in the room. Options 2, 3a, and 3b, by using the language of allegations and denials, reduce the whole business to one of hearsay and puts and accusatory spin on it all; about such things as this we need well-attested fact neutrally stated, nothing else. Option 4 starts better by identifying an authoritative source, but then reverts to POV and weasel. To save you scrolling, here it is again, with offending language in bold italics: "Pakistan's Interior Minister, Naseerullah Babar, admitted in 1999 that Pakistan created and gave military support to the Taliban from 1994 until 9/11. From 1994 to 1999, up to 100,000 Pakistanis are reported to have fought alongside the Taliban and Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. Pakistan is accused of continuing to support the Afghan Taliban in the War in Afghanistan (2001-present), which Pakistan denies." Here: admitted implies a confession -- stated, if borne out by an authoritative source, would be neutral; are reported to is weasel -- we need a source identified in the text and it needs to be an authoritative one. The last sentence is complete rubbish, both hearsay and POV. It needs to be replaced with something like "Pakistan states that ..." cited to an authoritative source.

Imho, what we need is two very crisp sentences telling us what people in a position to speak authoritatively -- ministers, ex-ministers, government spokespersons, that sort of thing -- have stated. I'm sure that would be possible and still get both sides of the equation. Kind regards, --Stfg (talk) 09:49, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

Thank's for pointing out the issues with the options. We've already gone over the issue on whether or not to state it as a fact here. It is not right for an encyclopedia to state such as a fact without sufferring from POV. The discussion linked already states there has been heavy cherry picking of sources. That is why I tried to point to the issue as it is in the second option and leave the debate for Taliban article. --lTopGunl (talk) 12:04, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

Stfg, I think it would be something like the following then?

"Pakistan's Interior Minister, Naseerullah Babar, stated in 1999 that Pakistan created and gave military support to the Taliban from 1994 until 9/11. According to independent estimates from 1994 to 1999, up to 100,000 Pakistanis fought alongside the Taliban and Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. Senior international military and government officials as well as academic publications say Pakistan continues to support the Afghan Taliban in the War in Afghanistan (2001-present), but Pakistan states it does not support the Taliban."

JCAla (talk) 12:10, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

@TopGun: thanks for pointing me to that NPOVN item. I am not sure if you have understood that I am not arguing for any statement about the facts of P's support or lack of support for T; I am arguing for that we should mention statements that have been made by key authoritative sources. (I'll say more about "authoritative" below.) So I believe I am consistent with Georgewilliamherbert's admirable ruling that "Neither the opinion that the Taliban are supported by Pakistan nor that they are not is appropriate for Wikipedia to state as fact. In the case of disputed underlying facts in a real world case such as this, Wikipedia's role is to neutrally report all major, relevant organizations' opinions and statements, using reliable sources and verifiable citations for the positions of the two (or more) organizations involved." As to Option 2, I would find it more neutral if you were to replace both allegations and accusations by claims, though I am curious as to how you will cite this.

@JCAla: not yet. The first sentence is fine now, but thereafter you are indulging in appeal to authority, i.e. you are editorialising about the quality of your sources. The second sentence is gilding the lily anyway, and if the best you can come up with is estimates, and from sources you feel the need to assure us to be independent, then it would be better to omit the whole sentence. "Senior international military and government officials as well as academic publications" is begging the question of authoritativeness too: who are these people? where do they get their information? Finally, countries only make statements when people make them on the country's behalf. Once again, who?

Authoritative: probably nobody knows the whole truth about this question -- even prime ministers get much of what they know from what people on the ground choose to tell them :) And then, some people who are close to the truth may choose to bend it. So the only thing we can ever hope to do is to state who said what, on the record. So whose on-the-record statements are the interesting ones? I would say, those who have some actual involvement, without the lens of journalistic or academic interpretation between us and their statements. --Stfg (talk) 13:11, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

Stfg, the NPOV statement by the closer referred ONLY to the post-9/11 period which was the topic of discussion, not to the 1994-2001 period which was not discussed there. Wikipedia represents what is the majority position among reliable sources as a matter of fact and for the pre-9/11 period, the majority position is clear. We had a RFC on that question and it came to that same result for the pre-9/11 period. So, for the pre-9/11 period, Pakistan's support to the Taliban is stated as matter of fact, for the post-9/11 period as an allegation.

All numbers of this size are estimates on different matters and articles on wikipedia. But they are nevertheless a standard of measurement. I chose the "independent estimates" phrase as it had already reached consensus as a formulation on the Bangladesh issue. The "estimates" are an accepted number among many academic sources. For the senior officials and academic publications we need a way to summarize them as they are way too many. You can't have a sentence with "the U.S. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Afghan President and all his cabinet ministers as well as the intelligence chief, the Indian government, European governments and publications by the London School of Economics, etc., etc., etc. say" ... That is too long, isn't it?!

And you know, "the truth is out there"! ;) JCAla (talk) 13:38, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

Well, I think I read your comment too quickly then... I do still see your point about the words to be used in context to the actual source of information (though not at the cost of NPOV). For replacing allegation and accusations with 'claims', won't it get a bit monotonous? Also, I find it a bit more precise, to call it an allegation when we can't state it as a fact. Even the sources' own context presents it as an allegation (though a fact according to them). I disagree with JCAla about his interpretation about the closer's comments... even the RFC he is referring to was closed as a marginal consensus and to be discussed further for adding attribution. --lTopGunl (talk) 14:32, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

I'd put the avoidance of one repetition well below finding neutral words. But perhaps the best thing now would be if you could say which source(s) you want to use to support option 2, and then we can have a more concrete discussion about how to represent them neutrally and without monotony. :) --Stfg (talk) 17:05, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

@JCAla, (if I may request it, it would really help if you'd use indentation in the conventional way.) Thank you for identifying some of the "senior international military and government officials as well as academic publications", but I do notice that none of them has ever been part of Pakistan's command structure or even its thinking processes, and so I would wonder how they could know. They are only as good as the product of their sources and their motivations, you see, and Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq comes rather forcefuilly to mind. The truth, or at least the facts (different!), is/are certainly "out there", but whether they are accessible to you or me, or even to the CIA, I very much doubt. As to Wikipedia representing the majority position among reliable sources as a matter of fact -- really? Do you really, really want to say that? Well, poor old Galileo; he ruined his life just because he didn't have Wikipedia and so couldn't know that.

I disagree with your reading of that closure. When Georgewilliamherbert said "In the case of disputed underlying facts in a real world case such as this, Wikipedia's role is to neutrally report all major, relevant organizations' opinions and statements, using reliable sources and verifiable citations for the positions of the two (or more) organizations involved.", I take that as a statement of a general principle, and imho an excellent one.

One last point, if I may. Broken record isn't a form of negotiation. --Stfg (talk) 17:05, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

Stfg, we have to distinguish pre-9/11 and post-9/11.

For pre-9/11, we have the Pakistani Army Chief and President (during that time) as well as the Pakistani Interior Minister (during that time) - both obviously at the most senior of Pakistan's command structure - stating "we created the Taliban", etc. (see sources). So, yes, as in addition all major reliable sources state Pakistan's support for the Taliban as a matter of fact and there is not one single reliable source stating the opposite, for pre-9/11 we can state as a matter of fact that Pakistan supported the Taliban. This is like all reliable sources stating the historic fact that Germany invaded Poland in an act of aggression, disregarding the Nazi minority view.

For post-9/11, many reliable sources state a continued support as an allegation, not as a matter of fact - yet. ;) Still reliable sources such as the New York Times have indeed quoted senior ISI officials privately saying, "yes, we keep supporting the Haqqani network as a strategic card". And we have a reliable source such as the BBC reporting about hundreds of Taliban commanders who attested to the fact they have been trained by the ISI in Pakistan. Then, Afghans certainly are able to observe what is happening in their villages, towns and cities. And across all divide there is one common statement based on many evidence --> Pakistan is behind the Taliban. Yet, as most reliable sources - until now - state the post-9/11 support as a notable allegation, we reflect it as such.

On the majority position issue. No, I don't want to say that, but it is wikipedia policy. Yes, a minority view sometimes represents the truth. But wikipedia policy is the following: "If a viewpoint is in the majority, then it should be easy to substantiate it with reference to commonly accepted reference texts; If a viewpoint is held by a significant minority, then it should be easy to name prominent adherents; If a viewpoint is held by an extremely small (or vastly limited) minority, it does not belong in Wikipedia regardless of whether it is true or not and regardless of whether you can prove it or not, except perhaps in some ancillary article." On the weight of the position among sources I refer to the explicit wikipedia policy: "Wikipedia aims to present competing views in proportion to their representation in reliable sources on the subject." All reliable sources state Pakistan's support pre-9/11 as a matter of fact, that has been substantiated with references to "commonly accepted reference texts". JCAla (talk) 18:45, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

Thank you very much. (A) on distinguishing pre- from post-9/11: OK.

(B) Your first large paragraph, on pre-9/11: those sources are fine and your (revised) first sentence is fine. I don't think you need the level of detail of the second sentence of option 4 in this article, though. It's unnecessary detail at this level of article.

(C) Post-9/11: Good, and much more convincing than "the U.S. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Afghan President and all his cabinet ministers as well as the intelligence chief, the Indian government, European governments and publications by the London School of Economics, etc., etc., etc.", frankly. Especially if you can find one of those that actually cites a name senior official, or at least states a specific senior rank.

(D) I'm familiar with WP:WEIGHT. You seem to me to have represented it inaccurately before, though, when you said: "Wikipedia represents what is the majority position among reliable sources as a matter of fact ...". The bit of WP:WEIGHT that you quoted says nothing at all about either fact or truth; it speaks only of the balance of sources. The three are different.

That's all I can say. I'm not really helping you make progress, am I? So I'll out of this debate. Good luck in resolving it. --Stfg (talk) 22:24, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

Thanks, Stfg. It was good to have some one clarify the points I was trying to make since November with a different approach. Maybe we can go ahead faster if we stop debating about the discussion itself... clarification of policies like above would really help in that as there is some WP:MPOV involved. --lTopGunl (talk) 10:11, 27 April 2012 (UTC)

"Recognized" regional languages

The source given does not show any real official recognition of these languages. All that is shown is that these languages exist in the country, as the source given is simply a census. Can these languages be used in government correspondence? Are they mandated in public schools? Do the provincial governments recognize them as "official" languages? Not that I've heard. Perhaps they are, but a better source is going to be needed than the Pakistani census. For the sake of not propagating erroneous information, I'm removing the "recognized regional languaegs" section until a reliable source for this information is given. saɪm duʃan Talk|Contribs 07:41, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

It was not needed, but for your satisfication, there is added reference and cited. Justice007 (talk) 10:30, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

The information is, once again, not in the sources given. The first source is the Pakistani Census, which only outlines the populations of the major languages of Pakistan. No official status is mentioned. The state.gov reference you just added has the same problem, this one only mentions the main languages of Pakistan, only specifically mentioning the official status of Urdu. Following the advice of Smsarmad, I'm going to add a {{Failed verification}} template to that part of the article until we a reliable source that explicitly states the official status of these languages.

By the way, I definitely want these languages to be official. But as far as I know, unforunately, they're just not. saɪm duʃan Talk|Contribs 14:33, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

Official languages are at first line,and second, languages are recognised,I think there is no need citation to infobox, the content is taken from the sections,there are references,and cited, you are Gaming the system,and do you know how to figure out meanings?. Please use a bit Common sense. Justice007 (talk) 15:04, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

Justice007, please use :, ::, :::, etc. to precede your comments. I don't mean this as an attack or anything related to the discussion on these languages, it'd just make the talk pages easier to read. Anyway, I've taken the liberty of Googling "official status whichever language" a few times and this is what I got:

Punjabi is the mother tongue of the majority of people in Pakistan. [...] Yet, Punjabi has no official status either in Pakistan or in West Punjab. There is not a single Punjabi medium school in Pakistan, as compared to 36,750 Sindhi medium schools in Sindh and 10,731 Pushto medium schools in the NWFP, per a study in 2001. Except for a very small number of writers and activists, Punjabis are illiterate in their own language

— http://www.apnaorg.com/articles/safir/psn.html the Newslettter of the American Institute of Pakistan Studies on Punjabi in Pakistan

In Pakistan, Pushto has no official status

— http://www.langcen.cam.ac.uk/resources/lang-pr/lang_pr.php?c=2 University of Cambridge on Pashto in Pakistan

Act 1972 and the Sindh (Teaching. Promotion and Use of Sindhi Language) (Amendment) Act, 1990 providing that, without prejudice to the status of the National Language, Sindhi shall be used as the provincial language of Sindh and that the Government of Sindh may constitute and set up Boards, Academies, Authority and make effective arrangements and rules inter alia for progressive use of Sindhi Language in the province as envisaged in the Act

— http://www.sindhila.org/Index.php?dflt=Constitution the Sindhi Language Authority on Sindhi in Pakistan

Baluchi (also spelled Balochi) is the principle language of Balochistan, a province of Pakistan. It is not, however, a national language nor does it have official status

— http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=193 UCLA Language Materials Project on Balochi in Pakistan

So of the languages currently listed in the article, the only one that could reasonably be claimed to be a "regional language" is Sindhi, based on this cursory Googling. Do you have any better sources that claim some official status for these languages? How on Earth is asking for reliable sources "gaming the system"? I'll take a look at the sources you say are already present in the article, all I ask is that you take a look at mine. saɪm duʃan Talk|Contribs 15:14, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

I'm looking at the language section know, where I'd expect to find this [...] content [that] is taken from the sections,there are references,and cited. The first source for the officiality of these languages is once again the state.gov source, which as we've already established does not say anything about any official recognition. The next source used is the Library of Congress, which only claims any official status for English and Urdu. The third and final source is the British Council, which says:

Of the 71 other indigenous languages only Sindhi has an official role as

medium of instruction in primary schools in Sindh and Pashto is used in government schools

in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province.

— http://www.britishcouncil.org/pakistan-ette-english-language-report.pdf

Let's disregard for a moment the articles erroneous parroting of the Ethnologue classification of Pashto and Balochi as "macrolanguages" and Pakistani Punjabi as closer to Saraiki than to Indian Punjabi; once again we find that the only regional language with official recognition is Sindhi. Also, I'd like to ask you to kindly stop removing the {{Failed verification}} tag until sources that do indeed say that are added. Thanks, saɪm duʃan Talk|Contribs 15:26, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

(Edit conflict)* I know that are not official languages, we are talking about recognition of the languages,which is the proof of your submitted references.At infobox mentioned languages are not only recognised nationally but also internationally,please take a look at references, 3, 33 and 225.Mentioning of the languages,itself means,"recognised".I hope this helps.Justice007 (talk) 15:38, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

I don't see how "recognized" doesn't imply more than "it is mentioned in a source". Sure those languages exist, and sometimes official agencies mention them for statistical purposes, but recognition, to me, implies a little more. I suggest we simply remove the word "recognized" from the infobox. I have similar problems with the term "provincial language" and our (unreferenced) article on the provincial languages of Pakistan. With the exception of Sindhi, what exactly makes a language "provincial"? That seems to be pure original research. Huon (talk) 16:10, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

(←) All please note: Template:Infobox country when applied to countries has these parameters for languages:

|official_languages          = 
|national_languages          = <!--Officially recognized languages-->
|regional_languages          = <!--Officially recognized languages-->
|languages_type              = <!--Alternative type of languages -->
|languages                   = <!--Alternative languages list-->
|languages_sub               = <!--Is this alternative type of languages a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")-->
|languages2_type             = <!--Second alternative type of languages -->
|languages2                  = <!--Second alternative languages list-->
|languages2_sub              = <!--Is the second alternative type of languages a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")-->

and the article is presently using the official_languages and regional_languages parameters. Both of these are for officially recognised languages. If you wish to document the regional use of other major languages, maybe a combination of the languages_type and languages parameters would do it. Hope this helps. --Stfg (talk) 16:32, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

• I was trying to remove "recognised" from infobox, but couldn't make that.May be someone able to do that.Thanks. Justice007 (talk) 17:27, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

I have done so; thanks to Stfg for pointing out how to do so. Since we no longer say they're "recognized", I have removed the failed verification tag. If a name other than "regional languages" is preferable, we'll have to modify the languages_type parameter accordingly. Huon (talk) 18:14, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

Perfect. Thanks for clearing that up Huon. Just one small caveat though: why prioritize Kashmiri over Hindko, Potwari, or Brahui, which have more speakers in Pakistan? Kasmhiri is not the dominant language of Azad Kashmir, but rather Potwari (and Hindko further to the north) Indeed, the second source given for the "regional languages" references Hindko and Brahui but not Kashmiri. saɪm duʃan Talk|Contribs 19:59, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

• No problem, done.Justice007 (talk) 08:28, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

Thanks for adding Hindko and Brahui, but I'm still struggling to understand why we have Kashmiri in the infobox. Of course it should be mentioned in the article, but I wouldn't characterize it as a "regional language". It doesn't form a majority or plurality at the district level or even tehsil level in Pakistan, AFAIK. saɪm duʃan Talk|Contribs 13:51, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

GDP figures

FN7 now contains 2012 figures, but obviously not the actuals -- they are "IMF staff estimates". Probably best to stick with real numbers, isn't it? --Stfg (talk) 18:46, 16 June 2012 (UTC)

Actually, this is the norm to proceed with estimates given by IMF. You can refer to pages France and United Kingdom. They have updated figures to IMF estimates. I see no harm in doing so. Pk-user (talk) 19:40, 16 June 2012 (UTC)

(edit conflict)I agree with you its better to write the actual figure of 2011 rather than estimates for 2012. But in case these estimated figures are mentioned it should be explicitly mentioned that these are estimates probably in notes or somewhere else. The user who added these figures also mentioned Government of Pakistan's economic survey as a source in a discussion, but we cannot add that as a source because it is a self published source. --SMS ^Talk 19:45, 16 June 2012 (UTC)

Actually that will be a primary source, not SPS... might be usable. --lTopGunl (talk) 14:53, 17 June 2012 (UTC)

A comment....IMF's staff estimates are not completely accurate.It estimated Indian GDP(nominal) for 2012 to be 1.843 Trillion but it turned out to be 1.676 trillion only.Hence, I support the decision to stick to the 2011 figures until clear data is available.Thanks! ϮheჂtriԞeΣagle ^Sorties 04:37, 17 June 2012 (UTC)

Also, when you change figures and those figures are updated in the present reference and that you don't need a separate source, say that in the edit summary. Simplifies things and prevents your edit being misidentified as vandalism. --lTopGunl (talk) 07:46, 17 June 2012 (UTC)

Strike eagle I urge you not to revert edits prior to a consensus being reached. Nevertheless, having done so. I agree any further edits should be made with consensus being reached.

Folks, the article clearly states GDP "ESTIMATES" we are NOT talking about actual GDP figures but again ESTIMATES. The literal meaning is 'to guess the cost, size, value, etc. of something'. Thus, articles such as France, United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia have edited figures to 2012 estimates NOT actual or real data. Further more, this information can be verified at finance.gov.pk as these are actual figures now. I believe we should move on to 2012 not 2011. Pk-user (talk) 14:48, 17 June 2012 (UTC)

I'm not sure if those articles are dealing with it correctly. If you take it up at a notice board (probably the reliable sources noticeboard), you might get input from editors who know better. --lTopGunl (talk) 14:53, 17 June 2012 (UTC)

Thanks for the link TopGun. I will take up the matter there or possibly with an admin. However, I would like to emphasize that this article like others on Wikipedia clearly mentions GDP estimate which by in large means a guess of the value or size of something by a reputable and reliable source which I believe IMF qualifies as. Pk-user (talk) 15:10, 17 June 2012 (UTC)

No problem... I'll just note that admins do not rule on wikipedia's content, regular editors do that... that notice board will just have more of those with expertise in source checking and verification. Anyway, RSN would give a fair judgement on which one to include in my opinion. Others, please note that Pk-user has started the discussion in this section of RSN. --lTopGunl (talk) 16:10, 17 June 2012 (UTC)

I think RSN is the wrong place. The main issue is whether to use established figures or latest estimates. At RSN it was suggested to discuss this at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Countries, and I think that's right. If you search on "GDP" on that page, you can find where it's already been raised in the context of Russia, but inconclusively. By the way, the fact that some articles aleady do it is no argument, as we don't legislate by precedent. It would be great to have a consensus policy for this question, applicable to all countries, I think. --Stfg (talk) 19:43, 17 June 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 21 June 2012

✗ Not done

Prime Minister-designate Raja Pervez Ashraf

Farhajbajwa (talk) 22:20, 21 June 2012 (UTC)

The latest information I can find is that he is one of three leading candidates for prime minister. Taroaldo (talk) 23:00, 21 June 2012 (UTC)

Note that I have changed the PM-designate to "pending" as it appears Makhdoom Shahabuddin is no longer in contention for the post. Taroaldo (talk) 23:09, 21 June 2012 (UTC)

Emblem

Emblem does not require the word "State" written with it because it is already known that Pakistan is a Country & the most appropriate word used should be "Country". As mentioned in our neighbouring Country India, its article on wikipedia is very well written as it does not have the word "State" written in all the article regarding India because it is already known it is a Country. Next to their Emblem they have not written State. We should follow same pattern.--Shahhh (talk) 17:50, 30 June 2012 (UTC)

President

Regarding the present government Pakistan article is full of asif zardari and benazir information instead of all this information, there should have been information about how to become a president and how the process is, in addition to that there should be information about Parliament and how many seats are there in the national assembly and how many seats are there in provincial assembly. We also need to mention how the process is in becomeing Member of National assembly and how to become member of Provincial assembly. Pakistan is not property of the currant government or any president previously! there shouldn't be any photo's of them! except Quaid e Azam. There should be only names of some names mentioned only not total publicity of their presidency! If we look at Indian wikipedia Article you will not find anything like Pakistani article!--Shahhh (talk) 18:00, 30 June 2012 (UTC)