Piccadilly line
Template:Infobox TfL line The Piccadilly line (/ˌpɪkəˈdɪli/) is a line of the London Underground, coloured dark blue on the Tube map. It is the fourth busiest line on the Underground network on the basis of the number of passengers transported per year with 210,000,000. It is mainly a deep-level line, running from the north to the west of London via Zone 1, with a number of surface sections, mostly in its westernmost parts. Of the 53 stations served, 25 are underground. It is the second longest line on the system, after the Central Line. It serves many of London's top tourist attractions including Harrods, Hyde Park, Buckingham Palace, Piccadilly Circus (after which the line is named), Leicester Square and Covent Garden, as well as Britain's biggest airport, Heathrow.
History
The beginnings
- See Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway for detailed histories of the Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway (GNP&BR), the Great Northern & Strand Railway (GN&SR), and the Brompton & Piccadilly Circus Railway (B&PCR).
The Piccadilly line began as the Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway (GNP&BR), one of several railways controlled by the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL), whose chief director was Charles Tyson Yerkes, although he died before any of his schemes came to fruition.
The GNP&BR was formed from the merger of two earlier, but unbuilt, tube-railway companies taken over in 1901 by Yerkes' consortium: the Great Northern & Strand Railway (GN&SR) and the Brompton & Piccadilly Circus Railway (B&PCR). The GN&SR's and B&PCR's separate routes were linked with an additional section between Template:LUL stations and Template:LUL stations. A section of the Metropolitan District Railway's scheme for a deep-level tube line between Template:LUL stations and Template:LUL stations was also added in order to complete the route.
When the GNP&BR was formally opened on 15 December 1906, the line ran from the Great Northern Railway's station at Template:LUL stations to the District Railway's station at Template:LUL stations.
On 30 November 1907, the short branch from Holborn to the Strand (later renamed Template:LUL stations) opened, which had been planned as the last section of the GN&SR before the amalgamation with the B&PCR was made. In 1905 (and again in 1965), plans were made to extend it the short distance south under the River Thames to Waterloo, but this never happened. Although built with twin tunnels, single-line shuttle operation became the norm on the branch from 1918 on, with the eastern tunnel closed to traffic.
Later changes
On 1 July 1910, the GNP&BR and the other UERL-owned tube railways (the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway, the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway) were merged, by private Act of Parliament,[1][2] to become the London Electric Railway Company.
On 10 December 1928, a rebuilt Piccadilly Circus station was opened. This included a sub-surface booking hall and eleven escalators, replacing the original lifts, and was the start of a considerable renovation of the whole railway, which included a comprehensive programme of station enlargement, on the same basis as the improvements at Piccadilly Circus.
Cockfosters extension
From the 1920s onwards there had been severe congestion at the line's northern terminus, Finsbury Park, where travellers had to change on to trams and buses for destinations in North and North East London. There had been deputations made to Parliament, asking for an early extension of the line either towards Tottenham and Edmonton or towards Wood Green and Palmers Green. The early 1930s was a time of recession, and in order to relieve unemployment, government capital was made available. The chief features of the scheme were an extension northwards from Finsbury Park to Template:LUL stations. It was also planned to build a station between Template:LUL stations and Template:LUL stations at the junction of Green Lanes and St Ann's Road in Harringay, but this was stopped by Frank Pick, who felt that the bus and tram service at this point was adequate. However, a 'Ventilation station', in similar architectural style to tube stations of the time was provided at the site, and is visible today. There was also some opposition from the London and North Eastern Railway to the line. The extension began from Finsbury Park to a point a little south of Template:LUL stations. The total length of the extension is 12 km (7.5 mi): it cost £4 million to build and was opened in sections as follows:
- 19 September 1932: to Arnos Grove
- 13 March 1933: to Enfield West (now Oakwood), in conjunction with the westward extension to Hounslow West
- 19 July 1933: completion to Cockfosters
Westward extensions
Powers to link with existing tracks west of Hammersmith were originally obtained in 1913. A Parliamentary report of 1919 recommended through running to Richmond and Ealing. By the end of the 1920s the priority had shifted to serving the areas around Hounslow and north and west of Ealing. The outcome involved taking over the inner pair of tracks between Hammersmith and Acton Town as a non-stop service, while the Metropolitan District Railway would continue to provide the stopping service on the outer pair of tracks.[3] Construction of the linking sections started in 1930, and the services opened as follows.
- to Template:LUL stations: the District Railway had operated services to Uxbridge since 1910. The District services were taken over by the Piccadilly line:
- 4 July 1932: extended from Hammersmith to Template:LUL stations
- 23 October 1933 (after formation of the London Passenger Transport Board): to Uxbridge
- to Hounslow: the line from Template:LUL stations was quadrupled to Template:LUL stations on 18 December 1932 and the Piccadilly line was extended:
- 9 January 1933: to Northfields
- 13 March 1933: to Template:LUL stations, in conjunction with the eastern extension to Enfield West.
These eastward and westward extensions are notable for the Modernist architecture of their new stations, many of them designed by Charles Holden, who was inspired by examples of Modernist architecture in mainland Europe. This influence can be seen in the bold vertical and horizontal forms, which were combined with the use of traditional materials like brick.[4] Today, many of these Holden-designed station are listed buildings.
Victoria line
During the planning stages of the Victoria line, a proposal was put forward to transfer Template:LUL stations station to the Victoria line, and also to build new "direct" tunnels from Finsbury Park to Turnpike Lane station, thereby cutting the journey time in and out of central London. This idea was eventually shelved due to the inconvenience to passengers that would have been caused during rebuilding, as well as the costs of the new tunnels. Even so, the Piccadilly line was still affected at Finsbury Park by the construction of the Victoria line. The westbound service was redirected through new tunnels, to give cross-platform interchange with the Victoria line on the platforms previously used by the Northern City Line. This work was completed in 1965, and the diversion came into use on 3 October 1965, three years before the opening of the first stage of the Victoria line.
Heathrow extension
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PiccadillyLineTrain.jpg/220px-PiccadillyLineTrain.jpg)
In 1975, a new tunnel section was opened to Template:LUL stations from Hounslow West. Hounslow West became a tunnel section station. In 1977, the branch was extended to Heathrow Central. This station was renamed Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3 in 1984, with the opening of a one-way loop serving Template:LUL stations, to the south of the central terminal area.
From 7 January 2005 until 17 September 2006, the loop via Heathrow Terminal 4 was closed to allow the connection of a spur line to the now operational Heathrow Terminal 5 station. All underground services reverted to two-way working into Terminals 1, 2 and 3, which again became the temporary terminus; shuttle buses served Terminal 4 from the Hatton Cross bus station. For a brief period in summer 2006, the line terminated at Hatton Cross and shuttle buses also ran to Terminals 1, 2, 3 while the track configuration and tunnels were altered for the Terminal 5 link from that station. The station at Terminal 5 opened on 27 March 2008 on the same day Terminal 5 opened.
2005 terrorist attack
On 7 July 2005, a Piccadilly line train was attacked by suicide bomber Germaine Lindsay. The blast occurred at 08:50 BST while the train was between Template:LUL stations and Template:LUL stations. It was part of a co-ordinated attack on London's transport network, and was synchronised with three other attacks – two on the Circle line and one on a bus at Tavistock Square. A small high-explosive device, concealed in a rucksack, was used.
The Piccadilly line bomb resulted in the largest number of fatalities, with 26 people reported killed. Access for the emergency services and evacuation of the public proved difficult as it is a deep-level line. Parts of the line re-opened on 8 July, and full service was restored on 4 August, four weeks after the bomb.
Infrastructure
Rolling stock
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/1973ts_trains_at_Rayners_Lane.jpg/220px-1973ts_trains_at_Rayners_Lane.jpg)
Like virtually all Underground lines, the Piccadilly line is operated by a single type of rolling stock, in this case the 1973 tube stock, in the standard London Underground livery of blue, white and red. Seventy-nine trains out of a fleet of 86 are needed to run the line's peak service, and one unit (166-566-366) was severely damaged by the terrorist attack of 7 July 2005.
The stock was refurbished by Bombardier Transportation between 1995 and 2000.[5] Changes included the removal of transverse seating, strap hangers replaced with grab bars, new floor material and a full repaint into London Underground's corporate livery.[6] At some future date not yet determined, it is scheduled to be replaced with new rolling stock provisionally codenamed 'Evo' (see here).
The line was previously worked by 1959 stock, 1956 stock, 1938 stock, standard tube stock and 1906 gate stock.
The line has two depots, at Northfieldsmap 55 and Cockfosters.map 54 There are sidings at Oakwood, South Harrow, Arnos Grove, Rayners Lane, Down Street, Wood Green, Acton Town, Ruislip and Uxbridge.
Signalling
The line is controlled from the control centre at Earl's Court, which it used to share with the District line. It is in need of resignalling, and this work was planned to be carried out by 2014, however this has been postponed for financial reasons.
Service pattern
The current off-peak service pattern is:
- 6 trains per hour Template:LUL stations – Template:LUL stations (via Terminals 1, 2, 3)
- 6 trains per hour Cockfosters – Template:LUL stations (returning around the loop and serving Terminals 1, 2, 3)
- 3 trains per hour Cockfosters – Template:LUL stations
- 3 trains per hour Cockfosters – Template:LUL stations
- 6 trains per hour Arnos Grove – Template:LUL stations
Often late evening services terminate at Template:LUL stations instead of Cockfosters.
Trains will also make an additional stop at Template:LUL stations during early mornings and late evenings but will not stop at the station during the main part of the day.
Other services operate at times, especially at the start and towards the end of the traffic day.
Map
![Geographically accurate path of the Piccadilly line](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Piccadilly_Line.svg/550px-Piccadilly_Line.svg.png)
Stations
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Step-free_access_notification_%28Piccadilly_line%29.png/250px-Step-free_access_notification_%28Piccadilly_line%29.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Going_to_Covent_Garden%3F_notification.png/250px-Going_to_Covent_Garden%3F_notification.png)
(In order from east to west.)
Cockfosters branch
Cockfosters branch | |||
Station | Image | Opened | Additional information |
---|---|---|---|
Template:LUL stations | ![]() |
31 July 1933 | One of the two depots is located heremap 1 |
Template:LUL stations ![]() |
![]() |
13 March 1933 | Opened as Enfield West; renamed Enfield West Oakwood 3 May 1934; renamed 1 September 1946map 2 |
Template:LUL stations | 13 March 1933 | in deep-level tunnelmap 3 | |
Template:LUL stations | 19 September 1932 | Trains may terminate here: there are several sidings for stabling trainsmap 4 | |
Tunnel section commences | |||
Template:LUL stations | ![]() |
19 September 1932 | map 5 |
Template:LUL stations | 19 September 1932 | map 6 | |
Template:LUL stations | 19 September 1932 | map 7 | |
Template:LUL stations | 19 September 1932 | map 8 | |
Original Section | |||
Template:LUL stations ![]() |
15 December 1906 | map 9 | |
Template:LUL stations | 15 December 1906 | Opened as Gillespie Road; renamed Arsenal (Highbury Hill) 31 October 1932; the suffix was later dropped in 1960map 10 | |
Template:LUL stations | 15 December 1906 | map 11 | |
Template:LUL stations ![]() |
15 December 1906 | map 12 | |
Template:LUL stations ![]() ![]() |
15 December 1906 | Opened as King's Cross; renamed King's Cross for St. Pancras 1927; renamed 1933map 13 | |
Template:LUL stations | ![]() |
15 December 1906 | map 14 |
Template:LUL stations | ![]() |
15 December 1906 | Renamed Holborn (Kingsway) 22 May 1933; the suffix was later dropped.map 15 |
Template:LUL stations | 11 April 1907 | map 16 | |
Template:LUL stations | 15 December 1906 | map 17 | |
Template:LUL stations | ![]() |
15 December 1906 | map 18 |
Template:LUL stations ![]() |
15 December 1906 | Opened as Dover Street; renamed 18 September 1933map 19 | |
Template:LUL stations | 15 December 1906 | In the event of disruption, trains may terminate here via a crossovermap 20 | |
Template:LUL stations | 15 December 1906 | map 21 | |
Template:LUL stations | ![]() |
8 January 1907 | map 22 |
Template:LUL stations | ![]() |
15 December 1906 | map 23 |
Template:LUL stations ![]() |
![]() |
15 December 1906 | map 24 |
Tunnel section ends | |||
Template:LUL stations | ![]() |
15 December 1906 | map 25 |
Template:LUL stations ![]() |
![]() |
15 December 1906 | map 26 |
Extension to Hounslow and Uxbridge
Extension to Hounslow and Uxbridge | |||
Station | Image | Opened | Additional information |
---|---|---|---|
Template:LUL stations | 1 January 1869 | Originally the London and South Western Railway; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 June 1963map 27 | |
Template:LUL stations ![]() |
![]() |
1 July 1879 | Originally the Metropolitan District Railway, later District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932map 28 |
The line splits here into two branches – the Heathrow branch and the Uxbridge branch. |
Heathrow branch
Continuing from Acton Town | |||
Station | Image | Opened | Additional information |
---|---|---|---|
Template:LUL stations | 1 May 1883 | Originally the Metropolitan District Railway, later District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 29 April 1935map 29 | |
Template:LUL stations | 16 April 1908 | Originally the District line (one of the two depots is here and some trains terminate here); first served by the Piccadilly line 9 January 1933map 30 | |
Template:LUL stations | 1 May 1883 | Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 13 March 1933map 31 | |
Template:LUL stations | 23 March 1934 | map 32 | |
Template:LUL stations ![]() |
2 May 1909 | Opened as Hounslow Town by the District line renamed 1 December 1925; first served by the Piccadilly line 13 March 1933map 33 | |
Template:LUL stations | 1 April 1886 | Opened as Heston-Hounslow by the District line, renamed 1 December 1925; first served by the Piccadilly line 13 March 1933map 34 | |
Tunnel section recommences | |||
Template:LUL stations ![]() |
21 July 1884 | Opened as Hounslow Barracks) by the District line, renamed 1 December 1925; first served by the Piccadilly line 13 March 1933, resited 19 July 1975map 35 | |
Template:LUL stations | 19 July 1975 | map 36 | |
Template:LUL stations ![]() |
12 April 1986 | map 37 | |
Template:LUL stations ![]() |
16 December 1977 | Opened as Heathrow Central; renamed Heathrow Central Terminals 1,2,3 on 3 September 1983; renamed 12 April 1986map 38 | |
Template:LUL stations ![]() |
27 March 2008 | map 39 | |
Just beyond Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3 tube station, the line goes into a new section to serve Heathrow Terminal 5 tube station, which opened in March 2008. Half of all Heathrow trains use the loop and serve Terminal 4 and the other half omit Terminal 4 and serve Terminal 5.[7] |
Uxbridge branch
Continuing from Acton Town | |||
Station | Image | Opened | Additional information |
---|---|---|---|
Template:LUL stations | 1 July 1879 | Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932map 40 | |
Template:LUL stations | 23 June 1903 | Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932map 41 | |
Template:LUL stations | 6 July 1931 | Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932; renamed Park Royal (Hanger Hill) 1 March 1936; renamed 1947map 42 | |
Template:LUL stations | 28 June 1903 | Opened as Perivale-Alperton by the District line; renamed 7 October 1910; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932map 43 | |
Template:LUL stations ![]() |
28 June 1903 | Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932map 44 | |
Template:LUL stations (![]() |
28 June 1903 | Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932map 45 | |
Template:LUL stations | 28 June 1903 | Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932; closed when re-located 4 July 1935; re-opened 5 July 1935map 46 | |
Template:LUL stations | 1 March 1910 | Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933 (from here to Uxbridge trains share track with Metropolitan line, and some trains terminate here)map 47 | |
Template:LUL stations | ![]() |
1 March 1910 | Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933map 48 |
Template:LUL stations | ![]() |
5 August 1912 | Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933map 49 |
Template:LUL stations | 1 March 1910 | Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933 (some trains terminate here in Monday-Friday peak hours)map 50 | |
Template:LUL stations | ![]() |
1 March 1910 | Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933map 51 |
Template:LUL stations ![]() |
10 December 1923 | Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933; renamed Hillingdon (Swakeleys) April 1934; the suffix was later dropped; closed when re-located 5 December 1992; re-opened 6 December 1992map 52 | |
Template:LUL stations ![]() |
1 March 1910 | Terminus. Originally the District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933; closed when re-located 3 December 1938; re-opened 4 December 1938map 53 |
Closed stations
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Aldwych_branch_%28en%29.svg/300px-Aldwych_branch_%28en%29.svg.png)
- Template:LUL stations opened on 30 November 1907 as the Strand tube station. It was at the end of a branch line from the main line at Template:LUL stations. An evening through-northbound 'Theatre' train ran until 1910. From 1917 onwards, it was served only by a shuttle from Holborn. In the same year it was renamed Aldwych when Charing Cross on the Northern line was renamed Strand. It was temporarily closed in 1940 during World War II to be used as an air-raid shelter. It re-opened in 1946. The possibility of extending the branch to Waterloo was discussed, but the scheme never proceeded.[8] Aldwych was finally closed on 30 September 1994; the level of use was said to be too low to justify the £1 million in estimated costs of a complete replacement of the lifts. The station is regularly used by film makers.
- Template:LUL stations opened 15 December 1906; closed 30 July 1934, between Template:LUL stations and Template:LUL stations.
- Template:LUL stations opened 15 December 1906; closed 21 May 1932, between Template:LUL stations and Template:LUL stations.
- Osterley & Spring Grove first served 13 March 1933; closed 24 March 1934 between Template:LUL stations and Template:LUL stations. It was replaced by Osterley.
- Template:LUL stations opened 23 June 1903; closed 5 July 1931. Although on the route of the current Piccadilly line, a short distance north of the present Template:LUL stations station, it was never served by Piccadilly line trains. It was opened by the District line, the original operator of the line between Template:LUL stations and Template:LUL stations, and was closed and replaced by the present Park Royal station before the Piccadilly line started running trains to South Harrow in 1932.
- Template:LUL stations opened 15 December 1906; closed 19 September 1932, between Template:LUL stations and Template:LUL stations. It has been suggested[9] that this station may be reopened to serve new developments on the nearby Kings Cross railway lands, but this idea is not being progressed at present. The road the station served, 'York Road', has since been renamed 'York Way'.
Future upgrades
The Piccadilly line is to be upgraded by a date yet to be announced. This will involve new trains as well as new signalling, increasing the line's capacity by some 24% and reducing journey times by one fifth.[10] Bids for new rolling stock were originally submitted in 2008. However, after the acquisition of Tube Lines by Transport for London in June 2010, this order was cancelled and the upgrade postponed.[11]
LUL has invited Alstom, Bombardier and Siemens to develop a new concept of lightweight, low-energy, semi-articulated train for the deep-level lines, provisionally called "Evo" (for 'evolution'). So far only Siemens has publicised an outline design, which would feature air-conditioning and would also have battery power enabling the train to run on to the next station if third and fourth rail power were lost. It would have a lower floor and 11% higher passenger capacity than the present tube stock.[12] There would be a weight saving of 30 tonnes, and the trains would be 17% more energy-efficient with air-conditioning included, or 30% more energy-efficient without it.[13] The intention is that these new trains would eventually operate on the Bakerloo, Central, Piccadilly and Waterloo & City lines.[14]
There are also some proposals, predominantly by Slough Council to extend the line towards Staines railway station from Heathrow Terminal 5 station[15]. A number of routes have been proposed, and the main ones pass very close to but do not call at Windsor.[16]
See also
- Leslie Green – architect of the Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway's early stations
- Vauxhall Cross tube station – fictional Piccadilly line tube station
Maps
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References
- Notes
This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2007) |
- ^ "No. 28311". The London Gazette. 23 November 1909.
- ^ The merger was carried out by transferring the assets of the CCE&HR and the BS&WR to the GNP&BR and renaming the GNP&BR as the London Electric Railway.
- ^ Barker & Robbins 1974, p. 252.
- ^ "Underground Journeys: Changing the face of London Underground". Royal Institute of British Architects. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
- ^ http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/modesoftransport/londonunderground/rollingstock/1624.aspx
- ^ http://www.squarewheels.org.uk/rly/stock/1973tubeStock/
- ^ "Piccadilly line's new timetable". Transport for London. 8 January 2008. Archived from the original on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 16 January 2008.
- ^ "More tube lines discussed: Easing travel load". The Times. London. 27 April 1965. p. 7.
- ^ "York Way Station". www.alwaystouchout.com. Alwaystouchout.com. 11 January 2006. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
- ^ "Tube Upgrade plan: Piccadilly line". Transport for London. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
- ^ Ford, Roger (2010). "Rolling stock famine deepens as Bombardier feasts on past orders". Modern Railways. Vol. 67, no. 745. London. p. 22.
{{cite news}}
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ignored (help) - ^ Waboso, David (2010). "Transforming the tube". Modern Railways. London. p. 44.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help) - ^ "Siemens unveils London Underground concept train". Railway Gazette International. London. 20 June 2011.
- ^ "Siemens reveals innovative air-con for deep Tube trains". Rail. No. 673. Peterborough. 29 June 2011. p. 12.
- ^ http://www.thamesvalleychamber.co.uk/uploads/Policy/SBCpresentationSep09.pdf
- ^ http://www.thamesvalleychamber.co.uk/uploads/Policy/SBCpresentationSep09.pdf
- Bibliography
- Barker, T.C. (1974). A History of London Transport: Volume two – the Twentieth Century to 1970. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. ISBN 0-04-385067-7.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - Croome, Desmond F. (1998). The Piccadilly Line – An Illustrated History. London: Capital Transport Publishing. ISBN 1-85414-192-9.
- Horne, Mike (2007). The Piccadilly Tube – A History of the First Hundred Years. London: Capital Transport. ISBN 978-1-85414-305-1.
- Lee, Charles E. (1966). Sixty Years of the Piccadilly. London: London Transport.
- Lee, Charles E. (1973). The Piccadilly Line: a brief history. London: London Transport. ISBN 0-85329-042-3.
External links
- "Piccadilly line facts". www.tfl.gov.uk. Transport for London. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- "The Piccadilly Line – History". www.krysstal.com. KryssTal. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- "Underground Journeys: Changing the face of London Underground Illustrated history of the Piccadilly line 1920-1930s". www.architecture.com. Royal Institute of British Architects. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
- Use dmy dates from April 2011
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