Nightwing

For other uses, see Nightwing (disambiguation).

Nightwing
Publisher	DC Comics
First appearance	Superman as Nightwing: Superman #158 (January 1963)
Created by	Edmond Hamilton (writer) Curt Swan (art)
Characters	Kal-El/Clark Kent Van-Zee Dick Grayson Tad Ryerstad Jason Todd Damian Wayne Kara Zor-L/Karen Starr Cheyenne Freemont Lor-Zod/Chris Kent
Nightwing
Nightwing (vol. 1) #1 (September 1995) Featuring the Dick Grayson version of the character. Art by Brian Stelfreeze.
Series publication information
Publisher	DC Comics
Schedule	(vol 1) Monthly (vol 2) Monthly (1-100, 107-153) Bi-weekly (101-106) (vol 3) Monthly
Format	(vol 1) Limited Series (vol 2) Ongoing series (vol 3) Ongoing series
Genre	Superhero
Publication date	(vol 1) September – December 1995 (vol 2) October 1996 – February 2009 (vol 3) September 2011 – present
Number of issues	(vol 1) 4 (vol 2) 154 (includes an issue numbered 1000000) (vol 3) 24 (As of August 2013)
Main character(s)	Dick Grayson
Creative team
Writer(s)	Dennis O'Neil (Vol. 1 #1-4) Chuck Dixon (Vol. 2 #1-70, 1/2, 101-106, 1,000,000; 80-Page Giant #1, Secret Files and Origins #1, Our Worlds at War #1, Target #1) Devin Grayson (Vol. 2 #71-100, 107-117, Annual Vol. 2 #1, Secret Files and Origins #1) Bruce Jones(Vol. 2 #118-124) Marv Wolfman (Vol. 2 #125-137) Fabian Nicieza (Vol. 2 #138-139) Peter Tomasi (Vol. 2 140-153)< Kyle Higgins (Vol. 3 #0, 1-present) Marc Andreyko (Annual Vol. 2 #2) Alan Grant (Alfred's Return #1)
Artist(s)	Scott McDaniel Greg Land Trevor McCarthy Rick Leonardi Patrick Zircher Mike Lilly Phil Hester Joe Dodd Dan Jurgens Jamal Igle Rags Morales Don Kramer Eddy Barrows Brett Booth

Prior to DC's continuity-altering 1985 limited series, Crisis on Infinite Earths, the Nightwing identity was depicted as an invention of Superman's during a time when he and Jimmy Olsen act as vigilantes in the Kryptonian city of Kandor; Superman draws inspiration from his encounters with Batman and Robin. Post-Crisis, the name is attributed to a historic Kryptonian crimefighter; this hero serves as an inspiration for Dick Grayson when he sheds his Robin identity and assumes the name and a new costume. Grayson was featured in an ongoing Nightwing series between 1996 and 2009, before Grayson took on the identity of Batman. After Grayson's return to the Nightwing identity during DC's 2011 event The New 52, a new Nightwing series was also established. In 2013 Nightwing moves from Gotham, where he had been since the start of the New 52, to Chicago.

Fictional character biography

Pre-Crisis

Superman

Nightwing is first depicted in the story "Superman in Kandor" in Superman (vol. 1) #158 (January 1963). It is an alias used by Superman in pre-Crisis adventures written by Edmond Hamilton. These stories are set in the city of Kandor, a Kryptonian city that was shrunken and preserved in a bottle. In Kandor, Superman has no superpowers; in the story, he is branded an outlaw there due to a misunderstanding. To disguise themselves, Superman and Jimmy Olsen create vigilante identities inspired by Batman and Robin. Because neither bats nor robins lived on Krypton, Superman chooses the names of two birds owned by his Kandorian friend Nor-Kan: "Nightwing" for himself and costumes evocative of the birds' plumage, and Flamebird for Jimmy. Nightwing and Flamebird rename Nor-Kan's underground laboratory as the "Nightcave", and use it as their secret headquarters. They also convert Nor-Kan's automobile into their "Nightmobile", and use "jet-belts" to fly into battle.

File:Superman v1 158.png

Superman and Jimmy as Nightwing and Flamebird respectively. From Superman #158 (1963). Art by Curt Swan.

In Jimmy Olsen #69 (June 1963), "The Dynamic Duo of Kandor" introduces Nightwing's dog Nighthound. In "The Feud Between Batman and Superman" in World's Finest #143 (August 1964), Batman and Robin themselves visit Kandor with Superman and Olsen and the two Dynamic Duos team up. He also has his own video game.

Van-Zee

In Superman Family #183 (May/June 1977), Superman's look-alike second cousin Van-Zee and his niece's husband Ak-Var take up the Nightwing and Flamebird identities. The vigilantes take on crime in their city as had Superman and Olsen before them.

Dick Grayson

Both Nightwing and Flamebird team up with Batman and Robin for an adventure in Kandor that proves important to the young Dick Grayson. When Dick later gives up his role as Robin in 1984, he recalls the Kandorian adventure and renames himself Nightwing, in homage to both Batman and Superman. After the events of the Crisis on Infinite Earths re-boot of the DC Universe, Superman no longer has knowledge of Kandor; instead, he remembers Nightwing as an urban legend of Krypton, which he shares with a young Dick Grayson.

Post-Crisis

Kryptonian mythological figure

Post-Crisis, there is a different originator of the Nightwing identity. Several hundred years before the birth of Kal-El, there was an unnamed Kryptonian man who was cast out from his family and decided to take on crime as the vigilante Nightwing. When Superman tells Dick Grayson of this story, Dick takes the name for himself.

Dick Grayson

Main article: Dick Grayson

File:Nw41.jpg

Dick Grayson in his Nightwing costume from Nightwing #41 (March 2000).
Pencils by Greg Land.

Dick Grayson became Nightwing after he was dismissed from the role of Robin at eighteen. Grayson's Flamebird was Bette Kane. He was featured in a Nightwing series from 1995 to 2009; after Wayne's apparent death, Grayson became the new Batman, subsequently retiring his Nightwing mantle temporarily.

Grayson's Nightwing costume was a high-tech suit specially designed for his high-flying acrobatic style. His gauntlets and boots each contained eight compartments in which he could store items. They had a self-destruct feature built into them, similar to the ones in Batman's utility belt, and, as another security measure, the suit contained a one-use-only taser charge, which automatically emitted a high-voltage electrical shock when someone attempted to tamper with either the boots or gauntlets. Each gauntlet's sections could contain a wide array of equipment, such as sonic or smoke pellets, modified batarangs ("Wing-Dings"), knockout gas capsules, throwable tracers, and a sedative-tipped dart launcher. The right gauntlet was also equipped with a 100,000-volt stun gun. Like the gauntlets, his boot compartments could carry vital equipment such as flares, a rebreather as protection against any airborne non-contact toxins, a mini-computer equipped with fax, modem, GPS, and a minidisk re-writable drive. Other items were lock picks, a first-aid kit, a mini-cellphone, flexi-cuffs, antitoxin assortment, wireless listening devices, and a small flashlight. After coming to New York, Dick added a black utility belt to his costume, eliminating the need for his boots and gauntlets. Held in spring-loaded pouches in the back of his costume, Dick carried a pair of Eskrima truncheons made from an unbreakable polymer that were wielded as both offensive and defensive weapons. Some depictions displayed these tools with the mechanism to shoot a grappling hook attached to a swing line (like Daredevil's billy clubs), while, in other instances, he was either seen using a "line gun" like the one Batman uses or using the grappling/swing lines either stored in or able to be launched from his gauntlets. Other versions, particularly Batman: Arkham City, depict the clubs as having electrically charged tips, acting like stun sticks. Together, they can emit a radial pulse of electricity to knock opponents off their feet. The clubs could also be thrown with such skill by Grayson (and possibly due to their design) that they would ricochet off walls and objects to hit multiple targets, then return to his hands. These truncheons also have the capability to be linked together as well as grow in size to make a staff, as depicted in many series, such as Teen Titans Young Justice (Robin uses these weapons)

Superman

In 2001's Superman: The Man of Steel #111, Superman and Lois Lane travel to a version of Krypton later revealed to have been created by the villainous Brainiac 13 and based on Jor-El's favorite period in Kryptonian history. Labeled as criminals, Superman and Lois become fugitives, adopting the Nightwing and Flamebird identities to survive, just as had Superman and Olsen in Superman #158.

Tad Ryerstad

In Blüdhaven, a sociopath named Tad Ryerstad becomes a superhero, inspired by the retired hero Tarantula. He takes his name, "Nite-Wing", from an all-night deli specializing in chicken wings. Unstable, Nite-Wing beats people for minor offenses. Nite-Wing is shot on his first night out and Dick Grayson, as Blüdhaven's protector Nightwing, defends him from Blockbuster's gang, who think it is Nightwing who has been injured. After Nite-Wing is released from the hospital, he kills the gang who put him there. Not realizing how violent Ryerstad is, Grayson agrees to train him. The two attack Blockbuster's organization, but are captured and separated. After an undercover FBI agent frees Nite-Wing, Ryerstad beats him to death, and when he realizes what he has done, Ryerstad flees. Nightwing subsequently tracks down and incarcerates Nite-Wing. In prison, Ryerstad is cell-mates with Torque (Dudley Soames), but the two escape by drugging the prison guard Amygdala.

Jason Todd

Bruce Jones' Nightwing (vol. 2) #118-122 run features Jason Todd prowling the streets of New York City under the guise of Nightwing, copying Grayson's costume.

Cheyenne Freemont

File:CFreemont HCV.jpg

Cheyenne Freemont as Nightwing counterpart.

The "One Year Later" storyline features a metahuman fashion designer named Cheyenne Freemont donning a modified Nightwing costume to help Grayson.

Cheyenne first met Dick when they had a one night stand together. They only exchanged first names the next morning, Cheyenne stating she's superstitious. The two had breakfast together and then he left. When he left another man walked into her apartment. He assaulted her for getting her "plumbing" fixed in her bath robe. She hit him with a telekinetic blast. Dick found out Cheyenne was a fashion designer from a friend of his from Bludhaven. She ran into Dick again after he accidentally became a model for her. After seeing newspaper clippings of Nightwing (Jason Todd) she started creating superhero themed designs. Cheyenne wore a Nightwing costume to help Dick and Jason from a metahuman monster named Jakob. He ate her, but she used her powers to blow him up from the inside. Due to recent events she was left broke and soon left New York.

Power Girl

File:Nightwing Kandor.jpg

Power Girl as Nightwing. Art by Ed Benes.

In Greg Rucka's Supergirl (vol. 5) #6, Power Girl and Supergirl assume the identities of Nightwing and Flamebird in a story set in Kandor, just as in the original pre-Crisis stories featuring Superman.

Chris Kent

Main article: Chris Kent (comics)

Chris Kent, son of General Zod, was Nightwing during Superman: New Krypton. In that storyline, Superman was coming to terms with the death of his adoptive father; he was also dealing with 100,000 Kryptonians now living on Earth, which he had released from the bottled cities on Brainiac's ship (the same ship that contained the lost Kryptonian city of Kandor). At the end of the fourth issue of the arc, a new Nightwing and Flamebird appear in Superman's Fortress of Solitude to stop two of Zod's followers (who were living in Kandor) from releasing the Kryptonian General from his Phantom Zone imprisonment. While guarding the projector in order to prevent any Zod loyalists from freeing him from the Phantom Zone, both Flamebird and Nightwing exhibit powers that are not inherent to normal Kryptonians. Flamebird projects flames from her hands, and Nightwing uses "natural tactile telekinesis". The pair seems to be stronger than normal Kryptonians: they knock out the two Zod loyalists with one blow apiece. In a later appearance, the duo is seen in Gotham City. Unlike previous portrayals, it seems Flamebird believes herself to be the dominant partner. When the Kryptonians led by Zod and Alura flee to a new Krypton orbiting the Sun, Nightwing and Flamebird stay in Gotham. In Action Comics #875, that Nightwing is revealed as the son of Zod and Ursa, Chris Kent. The "Nightwing" identity is revealed to be based on a mythical Kryptonian creature, whose existence is intertwined with that of its partner beast, the Flamebird. Inside the Phantom Zone Chris' mind interfaced with a piece of Brainiac technology, awakening a long-dormant connection to the Nightwing, and linking his mind to that of Thara Ak-Var, who had a connection to the Flamebird.

Terry McGinnis

Main article: Batman (Terry McGinnis)

Terry McGinnis assumes the role of Nightwing in Batman Beyond #4. In that issue, Detective Ben Singleton claims to know Dick Grayson's past as Nightwing, which turns into a media fiasco. Bruce has Terry put on some makeup to look older and run around the city as Nightwing to make people think that Dick isn't Nightwing. Terry's first job as Nightwing was stopping a duo of high-tech thieves. Nightwing then captures Singleton and brings him to Dick's apartment to show him how much he ruined Dick's life. He then tries to get Singleton to admit that Dick isn't Nightwing but Dick leaps off the terrace and admits to the reporters that he was Nightwing. But, he tells them he was a member of Batman Inc. and never saw Batman unmasked. He also tells them that his affiliation with the Teen Titans and the Outsiders were also part of Batman Inc. and that his life as Nightwing ended due to an injury. Singleton then threatened to sue Terry and Batman Inc. if they ever threatened him again. Terry never became Nightwing again after that.

Other uses in comic books

• In the DC Comics Tangent Comics series, "Nightwing" is a secret government organization which appears throughout the series. Headed by Marcus Moore and Francis "Black Lightning" Powell, who act to protect the U.S.A. and also conceal the true nature of The Atom's involvement in the Cuban Missile Crisis.
• In the Elseworlds series Superman & Batman: Generations, "Knightwing" is the identity adopted by Clark Wayne (Superman's biological grandson, adopted by Bruce Wayne, Jr.) after he grows out of the Robin identity. Bruce had wanted Clark to take on the Batman identity, but Clark declines, saying that only true members of the Wayne family should be Batman, revealing that he knew he was adopted. When Superman is brought back from the Phantom Zone and discovers the Ultra-Humanite's cure for Gold Kryptonite, he gives some to Knightwing, which gives him powers comparable to his grandfather, but weaker as he is only a quarter-Kryptonian.
• Barbara Gordon appears as Nightwing alongside Batman when the character makes a long-awaited appearance in the Smallville universe in the "Detective" story arc of the Smallville: Season 11 series. This role was originally to be filled by Stephanie Brown, but DC editorial withdrew permission to use the character after her appearance had already been announced and solicited, necessitating Gordon again replace her.

Ongoing series

Story arcs

Based on Nightwing's increasing popularity, DC Comics decided to test the character's possibilities with a one-shot book and then a miniseries.

First, in Nightwing: Alfred's Return #1 (1995), Grayson travels to England to find Alfred, who resigns from Bruce Wayne's service following the events of KnightSaga. Before returning to Gotham City together, they prevent a plot by British terrorists to destroy the undersea "Channel Tunnel" in the English Channel.

Later on, with the Nightwing miniseries (September 1995 to December 1995, written by Dennis O'Neil with Greg Land as artist), Dick briefly considers retiring from being Nightwing forever before family papers uncovered by Alfred reveal a possible link between the murder of the Flying Graysons and the Crown Prince of Kravia. Journeying to Kravia, Nightwing (in his third costume) helps to topple the murderous Kravian leader and prevent an ethnic cleansing, while learning his parents' true connection to the Prince.

Blüdhaven

In 1996, following the success of the miniseries, DC Comics launched a monthly solo series featuring Nightwing (written by Chuck Dixon, with art by Scott McDaniel), in which he patrols Gotham's neighboring municipality of Blüdhaven.

At Batman's request, Dick journeys to this former whaling town-turned-industrial center to investigate a number of murders linked to Gotham City gangster Black Mask. Instead, he finds a city racked by police corruption and in the grips of organized crime consolidated by Roland Desmond, the gargantuan genius Blockbuster.

With a defenseless city to call his own, Nightwing decides to remain in Blüdhaven until Blockbuster's cartel is broken. This allows him to be close enough to Gotham to still be part of the Batman family, and far enough as well to have his own city, adventures and enemies. He takes a job as a bartender to keep his ear to the ground and worked closely with Oracle (Barbara Gordon) in an effort to clean up the town. Blockbuster places a sizable contract on Nightwing's head shortly thereafter, while Grayson plies the unscrupulous Blüdhaven Police Inspector Dudley Soames for information on the kingpin's dealings. Also during his time in Blüdhaven, Nightwing helps train a violent but enthusiastic street fighter called Nite-Wing.

Last Laugh and killing the Joker

When the Joker is told he is dying by his doctor, he unleashes Joker juice on the inmates at the Slab, causing a breakout. At the end of the arc, Nightwing is responsible for killing the Joker against the wishes of Batman and Oracle. Nightwing becomes depressed and Oracle tries to bring him out of it. Soon after, Batman manages to resuscitate the Joker.

Leader of the League

Sometime after "No Man's Land" ends, the JLA disappears on a mission to locate Aquaman and Atlantis (The Obsidian Age). Before they vanish, Batman instigates a contingency plan, in which a handful of heroes would be assembled to create a new JLA, consisting of Nightwing, Green Arrow, the Atom, Hawkgirl, Major Disaster, Faith, Firestorm and Jason Blood. Nightwing is chosen to be leader until the original JLA are found, leading the group against the powerful Atlantean sorceress Gamemnae and helping to revive Aquaman to ask for his help in sinking Atlantis, but subsequently returns to the reserve list.

Graduation Day and the Outsiders

For several years, Nightwing leads various incarnations of the Titans and becomes the most respected former sidekick in the DC Universe. However, in the Titans/Young Justice: Graduation Day crossover, a rogue Superman android kills Lilith and Troia, an event that tears apart both Young Justice and the Titans. At Troia's funeral, Dick declares he is tired of seeing friends die and disbands the team, officially ending the Titans. A few months later, Arsenal persuades Nightwing to join a new pro-active crime-fighting team: the Outsiders, who would hunt villains, acting as co-workers rather than an extended family. He reluctantly accepts.

Outsiders writer Judd Winick takes a more Batman-like approach with Nightwing as team-leader, making him refuse any other kind of relation with his teammates than the direct work.

Death of Blockbuster

Dick plays a key role in exposing the corruption in the Blüdhaven Police Department. Despite reaching his original goals, Dick continues as a police officer during the day while spending nights as Nightwing, pushing himself to his limits and straining his relationships. The line between his police work and his vigilantism began to blur, and ultimately Amy Rohrbach (his friend and superior officer, who knew his secret identity) fires him rather than let him continue using questionable methods.

Wrongfully blaming Nightwing for the death of his mother, the mob boss Blockbuster bombs Dick Grayson's apartment complex and promises to kill anyone in Dick's life. When the vigilante Tarantula arrives, Nightwing chooses not to stop her when she shoots the villain dead. He enters in a catatonic state after this action, and Tarantula takes advantage of his emotional trauma to have non-consensual(rape) sex with him. At length, Nightwing shakes himself from his depression and takes responsibility for his inaction. He captures Tarantula and turns her & himself in, to the police. Amy, however, feels the world needs Nightwing free and so prevents him from being charged.

Though, Dick has destroyed the police corruption and removed the greater part of organized crime from this city, but his role in Blockbuster's death is still a source of tremendous guilt for him. He retires from crime fighting, with Tim Drake and Cassandra Cain as his replacements.

Grayson moves to New York, where he works closely with the Outsiders. After "insiders" threaten both the Outsiders and the newest incarnation of Teen Titans, however, Nightwing realizes that the team has gotten "too personal" and quits.

Infinite Crisis and 52

Due to a crisis of conscience, Dick adopts the new villainous persona of Renegade in order to infiltrate Lex Luthor's Secret Society of Super-Villains. This ruse includes Nightwing aligning himself with his long-time enemy Deathstroke in order to track the manufacturing and distribution of Bane's venom serum and to keep tabs on the Society's activities in Gotham and Blüdhaven. He also begins training (and subtly converting) Deathstroke's daughter, Ravager.

Deathstroke takes revenge on Nightwing when Blüdhaven is destroyed by the Society. The Society drops the super villain Chemo on the city, killing 100,000 people. Dick tries to rescue survivors but is overcome by radiation poisoning; only to be rescued himself by Batman. Nightwing confides that he let Blockbuster die and asks Batman to forgive him. Batman tells him that his forgiveness doesn't matter; Dick has to move beyond Blockbuster's death. Inspired by his mentor, he proposes to Barbara Gordon, who tearfully accepts his proposal with a kiss.

Batman then entrusts Nightwing to alert other heroes about the danger that the Crisis poses. Dick flies to Titans Tower, but due to the chaos resulting from the Blüdhaven disaster, the OMAC onslaught and other Crisis related events, the only hero who answers his call is Conner Kent. Together, they locate and attack Alexander Luthor's tower, the center of the Crisis, only to be repelled by Superboy-Prime. Prime is ready to kill Nightwing when Conner intervenes, sacrificing himself to destroy the tower, ending the destruction of the Universe.

During the Battle of Metropolis, Nightwing suffers a near-fatal injury from Alexander Luthor when he attempts to save Batman's life. Originally, the editors at DC intended to have Dick Grayson killed in Infinite Crisis as Newsarama revealed from the DC Panel at WizardWorld Philiadelphia:

It was again explained that Nightwing was originally intended to die in Infinite Crisis, and that you can see the arc that was supposed to end with his tragic death in the series. After long discussions, the death edict was finally reversed, but the decision was made that, if they were going to be keeping him, he would have to be changed. The next arc of the ongoing series will further explain the changes, it was said.

Saved by the Justice Society, Nightwing recovers with Barbara at his side. As soon as he's able to walk again, Batman asks him to join him and Robin in retracing Bruce's original journey in becoming the Dark Knight. While Nightwing is hesitant, due to his engagement with Barbara, she encourages him to go and returns his engagement ring so he can make an honest decision for himself. Barbara feels that it is important he rediscover himself, and until he does they're not yet ready to be married. They part on good terms, though before he departs Dick leaves her an envelope containing a photograph of them as Robin and Batgirl, along with the engagement ring on a chain and a note promising he'll come back to her one day.

Soon after his journey with Batman and Robin ends, Nightwing returns to Gotham, following Intergang's trail. He works with the new Batwoman and Renee Montoya to stop Intergang from destroying Gotham, shutting off dozens of fire-spewing devices spread across the city.

"One Year Later"

Main article: One Year Later

One year later, Dick Grayson returns to New York City (his previous home base with the Teen Titans) in order to find out who has been masquerading as Nightwing. The murderous impostor turns out to be the former Robin, Jason Todd. Grayson leads the Outsiders once again, operating undercover and globally.

Nightwing follows an armored thief named Raptor, whom he suspects is responsible for series of murders. Later, Raptor himself is murdered in a manner similar to the other victims by an unseen contract killer, who proceeds to bury Grayson alive. Nightwing frees himself, wondering the relation between his experience and a mysterious voice who tells him that he is "supposed to be dead". Nightwing is having trouble finding things to keep him busy during the day due to the cast on his right arm. Incapacitated from his injuries, he tries without luck to find jobs and continues to research into the mysterious assassin.

At one point, Dick agrees to attend a party for Bruce and their relationship seems to flourish. Bruce praises Dick for his success on the Raptor case, and also mentions to look into the Landman Building which hosted ex-Lexcorp scientists; most likely those who worked on the Raptor project. Dick also continues to keep a close brotherly relationship with Tim Drake, and helps Tim deal with his many losses during the last year.

After dealing with the Raptor issue, NYC is plagued by a villainous duo called Bride and Groom. Nightwing begins pursuit of these two after some grisly murders, including that of the Lorens family (close friends of his after the Raptor incident). Dick began to get obsessed with finding them, not knowing how far he was willing to go to take them down. Eventually, he formed a makeshift team with some "villains" to find them. They located them, and after killing some of his "team," Nightwing chased them to a cave, where Bride began a cave-in and the two are trapped there.

Nightwing, along with a group of former Titans, are summoned again by Raven to aid the current group of Teen Titans battle against Deathstroke, who was targeting the latest team in order to get at his children, Ravager and the resurrected Jericho. Nightwing and the other former Titans continue to work with the current team soon after the battle with Deathstroke so as to investigate the recent murder of Duela Dent.

When the Outsiders were targeted by Checkmate, Nightwing agrees that his team will work with the organization, so long as their actions in Africa are not used against them in the future. The mission however does not go as well as intended, resulting in Nightwing, the Black Queen and Captain Boomerang being captured by Chang Tzu. Later, Batman is called in by Mister Terrific who then rescues Nightwing and the others. Afterwards, Nightwing admits to Batman, that while he accepts that he is an excellent leader, he is not suited to lead a team like the Outsiders, and offers the leadership position to Batman.

Batman accepts the position; however he feels that the team needs to be remade, in order to accomplish the sorts of missions that he intends them to undertake. As such, he holds a series of try outs for the team. The first audition involves Nightwing and Captain Boomerang who are sent to a space station under attack by Chemo. During the mission, a confrontation erupts between Nightwing and Boomerang, who has grown tired of fighting for redemption from people like Batman and Nightwing. After taking a beating from Nightwing, he manages to throw him into a shuttle heading for Earth and quits the team. Afterwards, Nightwing furiously confronts Batman. Batman does not deny his actions, and states that this is the sort of thing that the new Outsiders will have to deal with. At this, Nightwing resigns completely from the Outsiders, which Batman feels is best, judging Nightwing too good for that sort of life.

In order to help himself regain a sense of purpose, Nightwing opted to stay in New York City again, and play the role of the city's protector. He takes on a job as a museum curator; and uses the museum as his new base of operations. During his short time there, Dick finds himself once again confronted with Two-Face, who years ago delivered Dick's greatest defeat. This time however, Dick soundly defeats Two-Face.

"Titans Return"

Nightwing joins a new team of Titans, with the same roster of the New Teen Titans, to stop an offspring of Trigon, which has not yet been named, from enacting his vengeance over Raven and the Titans, of every generation. Nightwing yet again leads the team, and they manage to stop the sons of Trigon from accomplishing their first attempt at global destruction and again a few days later.

Following the defeat of Trigon's sons, the Titans are approached by Jericho who had been stuck inhabiting the body of Match, Superboy's clone. The Titans managed to free Jericho, but found themselves once again in trouble, due to the fact the Jericho's mind had become splintered due to all the bodies he had possessed in the past. Torn between evil and good, Jericho possesses Nightwing's body in order to keep from being captured. During this time, Jericho forces Nightwing to relive all of his greatest pains. Soon after the JLA arrived intent on taking Jericho in. Unfortunately they fail to apprehend him.

Following this, Nightwing decides to leave the team again, due to the events of the "Batman R.I.P." storyline, and due to Batman's apparent death, Nightwing feels his attention should be better aimed at protecting Gotham City.

"Batman R.I.P" and "Battle for the Cowl"

As a precursor to "Batman R.I.P.", at the New York Comic Con 2008, DC Comics gave away pins featuring Nightwing, Jason Todd, and Hush with the words "I Am Batman" beneath them. During the storyline, Nightwing is ambushed by the International Club of Villains. He is later seen in Arkham Asylum, frothing at the mouth and presumably drugged, believed by the staff to be Pierrot Lunaire, a member of the Club. Scheduled for an experimental lobotomy by Arkham himself, he's spared by the ICoV taking hold of the Asylum, wanting to use him and Jezebel Jet, Bruce's fianceè at the time, as bait.

As Jezebel's capture is revealed to be a red herring, due to her being a part of the Black Glove, Nightwing's lobotomy is still pending, but he manages to escape by besting Le Bossu, and joining the fray between the Batman Family, the International Club of Heroes and the Black Glove itself. While he's forced to witness Batman's dragging down Simon Hurt's helicopter and seemingly die in a fiery explosion with his foe, he's shown holding Batman's cape, discarded during the fight.

Following the events of Batman's apparent death during Final Crisis, Nightwing has closed down shop in New York so as to return to Gotham. He has opted to give up on having a normal job, and instead intends to put all his effort into protecting the city. After his returns he confronts Two-Face and Ra's al Ghul, proving to of his mentor's greatest enemies that he is an equal to Batman after he defeated them. He also finds himself being tasked to raise Bruce's biological son Damian with Alfred.

During the events of the Battle for the Cowl, Nightwing is said to have become unapproachable and less emotional. He is seen by the Bat-Suit display cases, still mourning the loss of Batman. Nightwing is said to be resisting the idea that someone needs to take up the mantle of Batman, in spite of arguments from Robin and Alfred Pennyworth that it is necessary. It is later revealed he has no objections to becoming the new Batman, but was ordered not to in Bruce's prerecorded message for him, saying that Nightwing and Robin could carry the torch.

Robin later informs Grayson that someone is masquerading as Batman, using similar weaponry to their own. Nightwing is later forced to rescue Damian after he is ambushed by Killer Croc and Poison Ivy. However, Nightwing's glider is shot down, and the two are forced to crash land into a skyscraper. In order to give Damian time to escape, Nightwing offers himself up to the hit squad that is after them. He is about to be shot when he is rescued in a hail of gunfire by the Batman impersonator.

This eventually leads to Dick confronting Jason Todd, who has been posing as Batman. After a long battle between the two, Jason refuses Dick's help, while hanging on to a protruding ledge over Gotham's bay, Jason lets himself fall into the water. After returning to the cave, Dick assumes the identity of Batman, with Damian as the new Robin.

The New 52

After the events of Flashpoint as part of The New 52, Nightwing was relaunched with issue #1. Grayson resumes the role of Nightwing following the return of Bruce Wayne. The new series, written by Kyle Higgins, opens with Grayson having returned to Gotham, when Haly's Circus comes to town. Through a series of events, Grayson inherits the circus and is working through internal struggles with his past as he investigates the secrets the circus has brought about.

During the events of Death of the Family (a bat-family crossover) Haly's circus is targeted by the Joker. As a result the circus is burnt down and the circus members leave. Dick is left feeling depressed and lost as a result of this and the death of Damien Wayne (the then robin) and is at a loss of what to do with his life. However when Sonia Branch reveals to him that she believes her father, Tony Zucco, is alive and living in Chicago, Dick makes the decision take him down. Therefore in 2013 Nightwing relocated to Chicago to hunt down Tony Zucco and also take down The Prankster who is a new supervillian hacker in Chicago.

As part of the Forever Evil storyline, Nightwing's identity is revealed on every electronic device in the world when Super Woman takes his mask off. Nightwing was captured prior when bringing Zzazz to Arkham Asylum and mistakens Owlman for Batman which leads to Owlman knocking Grayson out. Currently Grayson is being held captive by the Crime Syndicate. Owlman plans to ask Grayson to join them to fill in the spot of Earth-3 Richard Grayson who was Owlman's sidekick Talon who died when the Earth-3 vigilante Joker killed him and put his dismembered body parts in boxes for Owlman to find.

Grayson's new costume has changed the color of the "Nightwing symbol" from blue to red, and the emblem rolls over the shoulders, rather than traveling down the arm onto the middle and ring fingers. The costume has also shifted from a skin-tight unitard look to an armored, full body suit, with spiked gauntlets such as Batman's rather than simply long gloves. Dick, along with all other members of the Batfamily, are a few years younger. Despite being in his early twenties as opposed to his mid-late twenties, he is drawn a bit shorter than in his pre-relaunch frame. Starting with issue 19 there is a change in the suit.

Collected editions

After a 4-issue miniseries, and as commented above, in 1996 DC launched a monthly solo series featuring Dick Grayson as Nightwing that ended in February 2009. During DC's Infinite Crisis, DC considered killing Dick Grayson, but at the last minute reconsidered this decision. An attempt to revitalize the character by bringing back the writer who wrote the original Robin-to-Nightwing story, Marv Wolfman, had mixed response. The final change to writer Peter Tomasi and artist Rags Morales did much to reassert the character, with him operating in New York as a respected solo hero, and taking full advantage of the fact that his early start makes him one of the most experienced superheroes, and one of the best connected thanks to his many former teammates and the friends he has established in his career. Nightwing has now been canceled, with Dick Grayson having become the new Batman. With his new position, this leaves the Nightwing name available to Christopher Kent, Superman's foster son. In the New 52 reboot, Dick Grayson returned to his Nightwing identity, and a new monthly series began under writer Kyle Higgins.

Nightwing has also starred in several miniseries and one-shots. This material has been collected in several trade paperbacks.

Title	Material collected	ISBN
Pre-series trade paperbacks
Nightwing: Ties That Bind	Nightwing: Alfred's Return #1; Nightwing Vol. 1 #1-4 (miniseries)	978-1563893285
Regular series trade paperbacks
Nightwing: A Knight in Blüdhaven	Nightwing Vol. 2 #1-8	978-1563894251
Nightwing: Rough Justice	Nightwing Vol. 2 #9-18	978-1563895234
Nightwing: Love and Bullets	Nightwing Vol. 2 #1/2, #19, #21-22, #24-29	978-1563896132
Nightwing: A Darker Shade of Justice	Nightwing Vol. 2 #30-39; Nightwing: Secret Files and Origins (one-shot)	978-1563897030
Nightwing: The Hunt for Oracle	Nightwing Vol. 2 #41-46; Birds of Prey #20-21	978-1563899409
Nightwing: Big Guns	Nightwing Vol. 2 #47-50; Nightwing: Secret Files and Origins (one-shot); Nightwing 80-Page Giant (one-shot)	978-1401201869
Nightwing: On the Razor's Edge	Nightwing Vol. 2 #52, #54-60	978-1401204372
Nightwing: Year One	Nightwing Vol. 2 #101-106	978-1401204358
Nightwing: Mobbed Up	Nightwing Vol. 2 #107-111	978-1401209070
Nightwing: Renegade	Nightwing Vol. 2 #112-117	978-1401209087
Nightwing: Brothers in Blood	Nightwing Vol. 2 #118-124	978-1401212247
Nightwing: Love and War	Nightwing Vol. 2 #125-132	978-1401214630
Nightwing: The Lost Year	Nightwing Vol. 2 #133-137, Annual #2	978-1401216719
Nightwing: Freefall	Nightwing Vol. 2 #140-146	978-1401219659
Nightwing: The Great Leap	Nightwing Vol. 2 #147-153	978-1401221713
Dick Grayson as Batman
Batman: Battle for the Cowl	Batman: Battle for the Cowl #1-3; Gotham Gazette: Batman Dead?; Gotham Gazette: Batman Alive?	HC: 978-1401224165 SC: 978-1401224172
Batman: Long Shadows	Batman #687-691	HC: 978-1401227197 SC: 978-1401227203
Batman and Robin: Batman Reborn	Batman and Robin #1-6	HC: 978-1401225667 SC: 978-1401229870
Batman and Robin: Batman vs. Robin	Batman and Robin #7-12	HC: 978-1401228330
Batman: Life After Death	Batman #692-699	HC: 978-1401228347
Batman: Time and the Batman	Batman #700-703	HC: 978-1401229894
Batman and Robin: Batman Must Die!	Batman and Robin #13-16	HC: 978-1401230913
Miscellaneous
Nightwing/Huntress	Nightwing/Huntress #1-4 (miniseries)	978-1401201272
The New 52
Nightwing Vol. 1: Traps and Trapezes	Nightwing Vol. 3 #1-7	978-1401237053
Nightwing Vol. 2: Night of Owls	Nightwing Vol. 3 #0, #8-12	978-1401240271
Nightwing Vol. 3: Death of the Family	Nightwing Vol. 3 #13-18; Batman (vol. 2) #17	978-1401244132
Nightwing Vol. 4	Nightwing Vol. 3 #19-24	N/A

Issues #19-20 are collected in Batman: Cataclysm. Issue #53 is collected in Batman: Officer Down. Most of the issues of Nightwing #61-100 have yet to be compiled into a trade paperback. Issues #65-66 are collected in Bruce Wayne: Murderer? Issues #68-69 are collected in Bruce Wayne: Fugitive, Vol. 1. Issues #96-98 are part of the "Batman: War Games" story arc. Issues #138-139 are collected in The Resurrection of Ra's al Ghul. The last issue in the series is #153.

Prestige one-shots

• Nightwing: The Target
• Batman/Nightwing: Bloodborne

Other collected editions

• Batman: Cataclysm (Nightwing Vol. 2 #19-20)
• Batman: New Gotham, Vol. 2: Officer Down (Nightwing Vol. 2 #53)
• Bruce Wayne: Murderer? (Nightwing #65-66)
• Batman: Bruce Wayne: Fugitive (Nightwing Vol. 2 #68-69)
• Batman War Games Act One (Nightwing Vol. 2 #96)
• Batman War Games Act Two (Nightwing Vol. 2 #97)
• Batman War Games Act Three (Nightwing Vol. 2 #98)
• Batman: The Resurrection of Ra's al Ghul (Nightwing Vol. 2 #138-139)
• Batman: Night of the Owls (Nightwing Vol. 3 #8-9)
• The Joker: Death of the Family (Nightwing Vol. 3 #15-16)

Writers

The following writers have been involved in the ongoing Nightwing series:

Writer	Tenure	Issues written
Chuck Dixon	1996–2002	#1-52, #54-70
Chuck Dixon, Scott Beatty	2005	#101-106
Devin Grayson	2001–2006	#53, #71-100, #107-117
Bruce Jones	2006	#118-124
Marv Wolfman	2006–2007	#125-137
Fabian Nicieza	2007	#138-139
Peter Tomasi	2008–2009	#140-153
Kyle Higgins	2011-present	#1-23
Miscellaneous
Devin Grayson	1997	Nightwing Annual #1
Marc Andreyko	2007	Nightwing Annual #2

In other media

See also: Robin in other media and Dick Grayson § In other media

To date, Dick Grayson has been the only character to use the codename "Nightwing" outside comic books.

Films

Nightwing is referenced in the films Batman Forever, Batman & Robin, and The Dark Knight Rises.

In the first two films, Dick Grayson (portrayed by Chris O'Donnell) suggests "Batboy, Nightwing..." as a name for himself in the first film and his original Robin costume closely resembles Nightwing's costume from the comic books (sans the main symbol across his chest and arms is red instead of blue and this costume includes a small cape) in the second film.

In third film, John Blake (played by Joseph Gordon-Levitt) raises his detective's shield to identify himself as a police officer while attempting to save some civilians to which the Nightwing emblem can clearly been seen on the front of the police-badge.

Animation

File:Nightwing TNBA.jpg

Nightwing from The New Batman Adventures. Art by Bruce Timm.

• Nightwing appears in The New Batman Adventures voiced by actor Loren Lester. He debuts in the end of the episode "Sins of the Father" when he remarks "Hey, no one can be a boy wonder forever.". In "You Scratch My Back", Nightwing makes his full episode debut and finds an unlikely ally in Catwoman in trying to expose a South American gun smuggling operation into Gotham City. This episode highlights Nightwing, hints at his relationship with Batgirl and illustrates his tense relationship with Batman. The episode also contains a sequence - showing Nightwing in his loft headquarters and charging into the night on his motorcycle as his theme music plays, culminating in a shot where he stands silhouetted against the moon. The episode "Old Wounds" explains that Nightwing, as Robin, fought with Batman over the latter's controlling nature and what the former saw as an unnecessarily harsh approach, causing Robin to leave Gotham as a result and returns years later as Nightwing. Although he works with Batman several times during the course of the series, he never fully reconciles with his former mentor. Nightwing also appears in the episodes "Joker's Millions", "Over the Edge", "Animal Act" and "Chemistry".

• In the television series Batman Beyond (set many years in the future), Nightwing's uniform (or at least one copy) hangs in the Batcave. In the episode "Lost Soul", Batman (Terry McGinnis) borrows the Nightwing costume's mask when his own personal Batsuit is reprogrammed with a dead businessman's personality. In Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker, Batman (Terry) asks Barbara Gordon if all of the original Batman's associates were bitter when they left to which she replies "...look up Nightwing someday. Has he got stories.".

• Nightwing also has a cameo in the Justice League Unlimited episode "Grudge Match". As Black Canary enters Blüdhaven, Nightwing can be seen on a rooftop next to two gargoyles.

• In the Teen Titans animated series episode "How Long is Forever?", Nightwing appears as Robin's future identity (but is still voiced by Scott Menville). He also appears in the Teen Titans Go! comic series based on the series.

• The Teen Titans story arc The Judas Contract, in which Robin becomes Nightwing, was planned to be adapted as a DC Universe Animated Original Movies direct-to-video movie. However, it has been put on hold.

• Nightwing was featured in The Batman animated series voiced by Jerry O'Connell. In the episode "Artifacts", the year 3027 have flashbacks to the year 2027 which features Nightwing. Although he has been active for a decade as Nightwing, he is still called "Robin" by Batman and Oracle much to his annoyance. Nightwing also appears in the episode "The Metal Face of Comedy" in his original costume as Dick Grayson's video game character in an online role playing game.

• In the animated series Batman: The Brave and the Bold, Dick Grayson (voiced by Crawford Wilson) makes his transcendence from Robin to Nightwing in the end of the episode "Sidekicks Assemble!" and appears as Nightwing in later episodes.

• In Young Justice: Invasion, 19-year old Dick Grayson (voiced by Jesse McCartney) is seen as Nightwing. Nightwing has become leader of the Team, assigning missions to his friends and sometimes fighting side by side with them.

• Nightwing appears in the 2010 direct-to-film animated movie Batman: Under The Red Hood voiced by actor Neil Patrick Harris. He appears to patrol Gotham alongside Batman, offering help when he found him fighting a group of smugglers. He was also present during one of the first battles with the Red Hood, where he obtained an injury to his leg causing him to sit out of the final battle between Batman and Red Hood.

• There was a planned Nightwing series from Ki Hyun Ryu along with a Bat Family series.

Video games

• Nightwing appears in LEGO Batman: The Video Game as a playable character voiced by James Arnold Taylor.
• Nightwing appears in Batman: Rise of Sin Tzu as a playable character voiced by Loren Lester.
• Nightwing appears in the MMORPG game DC Universe Online. He will assist the player in a battle against Bane if the player is using a Hero character, or he will attack the player if using a Villain Character. Nightwing is also one of the many characters than can be unlocked to use in PVP Legends matches.
• Nightwing is a downloadable character in Batman: Arkham City voiced by Quinton Flynn. However, he has no relation to the story, as he remains behind to protect Wayne Manor while Bruce is locked up in Arkham City and Robin is dealing with the outbreak caused by Joker's poisoned blood.
• Nightwing is a playable DLC character in Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes voiced by Cam Clarke.
• Nightwing appears as a playable fighter in Injustice: Gods Among Us. Dick Grayson (the mainstream version) is voiced by Troy Baker while Damian Wayne (the dark alternate version) is voiced by Neal McDonough. In the story mode's opening, Nightwing (Dick Grayson) assists Cyborg and Raven in defending the Watchtower from an assault led by Lex Luthor. When Luthor talks about remaking Metropolis in his image, Nightwing (Dick) knocks the villain out. In the alternate reality (where the bulk of the game takes place), Nightwing (Damian Wayne) is a part of Superman's oppressive regime that's against Batman's insurgency. After confronting Green Arrow who believes he was fighting Dick Grayson, the alternate Batman reveals that Nightwing (Damian) killed Dick and took over his identity. Batman hates Damian and states emotionally that Dick was his true son, Damian on the other hand seems to view Superman as a father-figure and loyal to his cause. After his father defeats him, Batman tells Damian he's dead to him. In the single player Battle Mode, focused on Damian instead of Dick, after defeating Superman, Nightwing (Damian) begins challenging anyone who crosses his path. Seeing his ability to inspire fear, Nightwing (Damian) is chosen by a yellow power ring and recruited into the Sinestro Corps.

Rides

File:Nightwing ride.jpg

Entrance to one of the Nightwing rides at Six Flags.

A Nightwing ride was in operation at Six Flags New England.