Petseri County
| Petseri County [Petserimaa] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | |||||||||
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| County of Estonia | |||||||||
| 1918–1944 | |||||||||
 Flag
 Coat of arms
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| Capital | Petseri | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Estonian War of Independence | 1918 | ||||||||
• World War II | 1944 | ||||||||
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Petseri County (Estonian: Petserimaa) was a county of Estonia established in 1918. Since 1944, however, most of the county has been administered as Pechorsky District of Pskov Oblast, first by the Russian SFSR and then, from 1991, by Russia.[1]
History
The whole historic province of Petseri County (Petserimaa) is regarded as the homeland of the Setos,[2] a Finnic people related to Estonians. The Russian inhabitants of Petseri district were mainly Old Believers who spoke a transitional dialect between Russian and the Belarusian language.[3] In the mid-15th century one of the most important Russian Orthodox monasteries, the Pskovo-Pechersky Monastery, was founded in the area.[4]
During the last year of World War I, from February to December 1918, the county's capital, Pechory, was occupied by German forces. As such, the county including the town and the territory surrounding it was devised to be part of the Baltic Duchy. The town was then captured by Estonian forces on March 29, 1919, during the Estonian War of Independence. The Treaty of Tartu subsequently assigned Pechory and its surrounding territory, the Setomaa region, to Estonia. Pechory was renamed Petseri and the area became Petseri County. Saint Peter's Lutheran Church was built in 1926 at Petseri.
During World War II, Petseri County was occupied by the German army between August 1941 and August 11, 1944, then by Soviet forces during their advance toward Nazi Germany. Soviet authorities transferred most of Petseri county from the Estonian SSR to the Russian SFSR in 1944.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Estonia raised the question of a return to the borders under the Treaty of Tartu. Estonia dropped this claim in November 1995.[5] Estonia and Russia signed the Estonian-Russian Border Treaty on May 18, 2005: the preamble noted that the international border had partly changed, in accordance with Article 122 of the Estonian Constitution.[6]
See also
Notes and references
- ^ See Territorial changes in the Baltic states during and after World War II.
- ^ Culture and Power at the Edges of the State By Thomas M. Wilson, Hastings Donnan; ISBN 3-8258-7569-5; p. 268
- ^ The Slavonic and East European Review - Page 516
- ^ Post-Cold War Identity Politics: Northern and Baltic Experiences; ISBN 0-7146-5428-0; p. 263
- ^ A Political and Economic Dictionary of Eastern Europe, p. 443, ISBN 1-85743-063-8
- ^ Estonian Parliament ratifies Estonian-Russian border treaties
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Jaanilinn (Ivangorod) and Petseri (Pechory) were annexed by the Soviet Union in 1945 and are currently part of Russia. | ||