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Paide

Coordinates: 58°53′00″N 25°33′26″E / 58.88333°N 25.55722°E / 58.88333; 25.55722
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This article is about the town. For the administrative unit, see Paide (urban municipality). For the Austrian town, see Weißenstein.
Paide
Town
Paide castle
Paide castle
Paide is located in Estonia
Paide
Paide
Location in Estonia
Coordinates: 58°53′00″N 25°33′26″E / 58.88333°N 25.55722°E / 58.88333; 25.55722
Country Estonia
County Järva County
Municipality Paide
Area
 • Total10.036 km2 (3.875 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total7,793
 • Rank19th
 • Density780/km2 (2,000/sq mi)
Ethnicity (2021)
 • Estonians92.3%
 • Russians3.23%
 • other4.47%
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Drone video of Paide and its castle

Paide is a town in Estonia and the capital of Järva County, one of the 15 counties of Estonia.

Etymology

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Paide's German name Weißenstein (originally Wittenstein or Wittensten in Low German) means "white stone". This name was derived from the limestone used for the construction of Paide Castle. A Latin translation, Albus Lapis, has also been used.[2] The Estonian name Paide was first recorded in 1564 as Paida, and is thought to derive from the word paas, pae, meaning "limestone".

Sights

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Paide Church

Paide Vallitorn

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A castle was built in Paide by order of Konrad von Mandern, master of the Livonian Order, sometime in 1265 or 1266. It was from the beginning constructed around the central tower or keep, locally known as Tall Hermann tower or Vallitorn. With its six storeys, the tower has always been the core of the castle complex. The fortress was strengthened during the 14th and 15th centuries, when the surrounding walls were enlarged and towers added. It was also modernised to be able to meet the new threat of firearms. During the 16th century, the castle was again modified through the addition of outer bastions.[3]

During the Livonian War, the castle was repeatedly besieged by Russian troops, and in 1573 it was occupied by troops loyal to Ivan the Terrible. After that, the castle changed hands several times. It was also involved in the fighting during the 1600-1611 Polish-Swedish War, in the so-called Siege of Weissenstein.[3]

In 1895-1897 restoration work was carried out on the central tower and some other parts of the castle. However, in 1941, during World War II, retreating Soviet troops blew up the central tower and it was not repaired until after Estonia regained its independence, in 1990–1993.[3]

Today the restored central tower houses a part of Järva County museum.[3]

Paide Church

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Paide Church originally dates from the 16th century; however, it has been very badly damaged in both war and fire on several occasions, and the present-day building dates mainly from a reconstruction which took place in 1909-1910 under the supervision of architect J. C. Mühlhausen.[3]

Demographics

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Ethnic Composition 1922-2021
Ethnicity 1922[4] 1934[5] 1941[6] 1959[7] 1970[8] 1979[9] 1989[9] 2000[10] 2011[11] 2021[12]
amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount %
Estonians 2693 90.5 3070 93.5 2927 98.3 5351 91.7 6774 85.6 8363 86.7 9411 86.7 8683 90.1 7602 92.4 7312 92.3
Russians 61 2.05 38 1.16 14 0.47 - - 560 7.08 806 8.36 926 8.54 512 5.31 359 4.36 256 3.23
Ukrainians - - 0 0.00 - - - - 47 0.59 85 0.88 156 1.44 120 1.24 87 1.06 160 2.02
Belarusians - - - - - - - - 27 0.34 35 0.36 50 0.46 20 0.21 15 0.18 26 0.33
Finns - - 2 0.06 1 0.03 - - 153 1.93 158 1.64 152 1.40 115 1.19 60 0.73 46 0.58
Jews 12 0.40 18 0.55 0 0.00 - - 4 0.05 1 0.01 2 0.02 3 0.03 1 0.01 0 0.00
Latvians - - 7 0.21 3 0.10 - - 9 0.11 20 0.21 8 0.07 3 0.03 2 0.02 9 0.11
Germans 175 5.88 132 4.02 - - - - - - 67 0.69 41 0.38 24 0.25 18 0.22 11 0.14
Tatars - - 0 0.00 - - - - - - 5 0.05 3 0.03 4 0.04 2 0.02 3 0.04
Poles - - 1 0.03 4 0.13 - - - - 25 0.26 15 0.14 20 0.21 16 0.19 9 0.11
Lithuanians - - 1 0.03 0 0.00 - - 8 0.10 9 0.09 9 0.08 7 0.07 5 0.06 4 0.05
unknown 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 0.10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 61 0.63 12 0.15 41 0.52
other 35 1.18 16 0.49 26 0.87 486 8.33 329 4.16 67 0.69 76 0.70 70 0.73 49 0.60 50 0.63
Total 2976 100 3285 100 2978 100 5837 100 7911 100 9641 100 10849 100 9642 100 8228 100 7926 100.01

Sports

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Paide is home to Paide linnastaadion, the home ground of Meistriliiga football team Paide Linnameeskond.

Notable residents

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  • View of Paide, made sometime before 1632
    View of Paide, made sometime before 1632
  • Town square
    Town square
  • Courthouse
    Courthouse
  • Hospital clinic (former German Girls' Private Gymnasium)
    Hospital clinic (former German Girls' Private Gymnasium)
  • Paide Town Hall
    Paide Town Hall
  • Järvamaa Museum
    Järvamaa Museum
  • Music and Theatre House
    Music and Theatre House
  • Paide Gymnasium
    Paide Gymnasium

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Population by sex, age and place of residence after the 2017 administrative reform, 1 January. Statistics Estonia.
  2. ^ Ühendus Weissenstein, Paide Linna Nimed (accessed 1 January 2013)
  3. ^ a b c d e Viirand, Tiiu (2004). Estonia. Cultural Tourism. Kunst Publishers. pp. 95–96. ISBN 9949407184.
  4. ^ 1922 a. üldrahvalugemise andmed. Vihk I ja II, Rahva demograafiline koosseis ja korteriolud Eestis (in Estonian and French). Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo. 1924. p. 33. ISBN 9789916103067 – via Digar.
  5. ^ Rahvastiku koostis ja korteriolud. 1.III 1934 rahvaloenduse andmed. Vihk II (in Estonian and French). Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo. 1935. pp. 47–53. hdl:10062/4439.
  6. ^ Eesti Statistika : kuukiri 1942-03/04 (in German and Estonian). Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo. 1942. pp. 66–67.
  7. ^ Katus, Kalev; Puur, Allan; Põldma, Asta; Sakkeus, Luule (1996). Rahvastiku ühtlusarvutatud sündmus- ja loendusstatistika: Järvamaa 1965-1990. Sari C (in Estonian and English). Tallinn: Eesti Kõrgkoolidevaheline Demouuringute Keskus. pp. 31–32. ISBN 9985-820-22-3.
  8. ^ Население районов, городов и поселков городского типа Эстонской ССР : по данным Всесоюзной переписи населения на 15 января 1970 года (in Russian). Tallinn: Eesti NSV Statistika Keskvalitsus. 1972. p. 77.
  9. ^ a b Eesti Vabariigi maakondade, linnade ja alevite rahvastik. 1. osa, Rahvaarv rahvuse, perekonnaseisu, hariduse ja elatusallikate järgi : 1989. a. rahvaloenduse andmed (in Estonian). Tallinn: Eesti Vabariigi Riiklik Statistikaamet. 1990. pp. 29, 34. ISBN 978-9949-7193-2-7 – via Digar.
  10. ^ "RL222: RAHVASTIK ELUKOHA JA RAHVUSE JÄRGI". Estonian Statistical Database (in Estonian).
  11. ^ "RL0429: RAHVASTIK RAHVUSE, SOO, VANUSERÜHMA JA ELUKOHA JÄRGI, 31. DETSEMBER 2011". Estonian Statistical Database. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  12. ^ "RL21429: Rahvastik Rahvuse, Soo, Vanuserühma Ja ELukoha (Haldusüksus) Järgi, 31. DETSEMBER 2021". Estonian Statistical Database (in Estonian).
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