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Fluminense FC

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"Fluminense" redirects here. For the gentilic, see Rio de Janeiro (state).
Fluminense
File:Fluminense fc logo.svg
Full nameFluminense Football Club
Nickname(s)Flu
Fluzão
Guerreiros (Warriors)
FoundedJuly 21, 1902; 122 years ago (1902-07-21)
GroundMaracanã, Rio de Janeiro
Capacity78,838
PresidentPeter Siemsen
Current coachLevir Culpi
LeagueCampeonato Brasileiro Série A
Campeonato Carioca
2015
2015		Brasileirão, 13th
Cariocão, 4th
WebsiteClub website

Fluminense Football Club (Portuguese pronunciation: [flumiˈnẽsi ˈfu̇t-ˌbȯl ˈkləb]), known simply as Fluminense, is a Brazilian sports club best known for its football team that plays in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A[nb 1], the top tier of Brazilian football and the Campeonato Carioca,[nb 2] the state league of Rio de Janeiro. The club is based in the Laranjeiras neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro. Fluminense play their home games at the Maracanã Stadium, which currently holds up to 78,838 spectators.

The club was founded on July 21, 1902 by the sons of Carioca aristocrats, being led by Oscar Cox, a Brazilian sportsman, in the bairro of Flamengo, a direct contrast between the aristocratic founders and the modest ground it was founded on. Cox was elected as the club's first president. Fluminense has been state champions on 31 occasions, second only to Flamengo with 33. The team has been national champions four times, most recently in 2012, and won the Copa do Brasil in 2007.

Fluminense is a demonym for people who reside in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Although football is the club's original endeavor, the club is today an umbrella organization for several teams in more than 16 different sport activities. Fluminense's home kit is maroon-and-green vertical striped shirts, with white shorts, accompanied by white socks; this combination has been used since 1920. Adidas are the kit manufacturers. Fluminense holds many long-standing rivalries, most notably against Flamengo (Fla-Flu), as well as with Botafogo and Vasco da Gama. It has contributed the fifth-most players to Brazil's national football team.

History

Oscar Cox, founder of Fluminense.
The team that won its first Campeonato Carioca, in 1906.
Laranjeiras Stadium, the Brazilian national team's first ground.
The Fluminense team in 1908, posing with the trophies won.

Fluminense Football Club was founded on July 21, 1902 in Rio de Janeiro by Oscar Cox, a Brazilian of English heritage.[1] in the then aristocratic neighborhood of Laranjeiras.[2] Fluminense was formed by sons of the elite who had come into contact with football while studying in Europe.[3]

The first official match was played against now defunct Rio FC, and ended 8–0 to Fluminense.[1] The club's first title came in 1906, when Fluminense won the Campeonato Carioca.[1]

In 1911, disagreement between Fluminense players led to the formation of Flamengo's football team.[1] The so-called Fla-Flu derby is considered one of the biggest in the history of Brazilian football.[4] Three years later, in Fluminense's stadium, the Brazilian national football team debuted, against touring English club Exeter City.[1] It was also there that they won their first title, in the 1919.[5]

Preguinho, a Fluminense notable player.

By 1924, Fluminense had 4,000 members, a stadium for 25,000 people, and facilities that impressed clubs in Europe.,[6]

In an unfortunate event in 1914, Carlos Alberto, a mulatto playing for Fluminense, decided to cover himself in face powder to disguise the color of his skin. This ultimately led to one of the club's nicknames, pó de arroz, which is the Portuguese for 'white powder'.[7][8] After 1925, Fluminense began pressuring for the professionalization of football,[9] but it was not until the 1950s that the club started to accept black players in its squad,[7] however, in 1945 they hired a black coach, Gentil Cardoso.

The following years saw an expansion of the club's hegemony in Rio. Fluminense would remain unsurpassed in terms of state championships until 2009.[10] International acclaim came in 1949 with the awarding of the Olympic Cup, and was further fostered in 1952 with Fluminense's first intercontinental honor, the Copa Rio.[1][11] The club established itself regionally with victory in two Torneio Rio-São Paulo cups in 1957 and 1960.[1] National honors followed in 1970, 1984, 2010 and 2012 with Taça de Prata and Série A cups, respectively.,[1] also taking the Cup in Brazil in 2007.

From the 1950s, with the creation of the Rio-São Paulo Tournament, the forerunner of what eventually would become the national championship, Fluminense established itself regionally by winning the tournament title in the years of 1957 and 1960.

From the 1960s, the first national championships began to be played in Brazil. Fluminense's first national title came in 1970, in that time, Brazil had the best players in world football, and all of them played in Brazilians clubs. Although not counted in its squad with the main players of the season in Brazil, Fluminense won the Brazilian champion surpassing the great strengths of the time in Santos, Palmeiras and Cruzeiro.

In the 1970s, Fluminense signed up several famous players like Roberto Rivellino. This time, called as "maquina tricolor", it won the state championship in the years of 1975 and 1976. In the national championship, Fluminense lost in the semifinal matches to Internacional in 1975 and Corinthians in 1976.

Fluminense again became the Brazilian champion in 1984. This time, they won the state Championship in the years of 1983, 1984 and 1985 with players like Romerito, Ricardo Gomes, Deley, and the "Casal Vinte": Assis and Washington.

At the end of the 1980s, Copa do Brasil was created, inspired by the Cups tournament played in European countries. Fluminense reached the final of the Copa do Brasil for the first time in 1992, losing the final match to Internacional de Porto Alegre.

Stained glass windows in Fluminense's headquarters

A disastrous campaign led to the club's relegation from Série A in 1996. A set of off-field political maneuvers (cheats), however, not performed by Fluminense, allowed Fluminense to remain in Brazil's top domestic league,[12] only to be relegated the next year.[13] Completely out of control, the club was relegated from Série B to Série C in 1998.[14] In 1999, Fluminense won the Série C championship and was to be promoted to Série B when it was invited to take part in Copa João Havelange,[15] a championship that replaced the traditional Série A in 2000. In 2001, it was decided that all clubs which took part in Copa João Havelange's so-called Blue Group should be kept in Série A,[16]

In 2002, 2005 and 2012, Fluminense won again the Campeonato Carioca. In 2005 Fluminense reached the final of the Copa do Brasil again, having lost the final match to Paulista Futebol Clube.

In 2007, Fluminense won the Copa do Brasil, after beating Figueirense in the final match, and was admitted in the Copa Libertadores again after 23 years.[1][17] The club's campaign led it into the finals and included remarkable matches against Arsenal de Sarandí, São Paulo and Boca Juniors.[18][19][20] Fluminense lost the cup to LDU Quito in a penalty shootout.[21]

After signing up 27 players and going through 5 different managers in 2009, Fluminense found itself struggling to avoid another relegation from Série A.[22] With less than one-third of the championship left, the mathematical probability of the club's relegation was of 98%.[23] At this point, manager Cuca decided to sack some of the more experienced players and gave Fluminense's youngsters a chance.[24] That, along with Fred's recovery from a serious injury and substantial support from the fans, allowed not only a sensational escape from relegation, but also placed Fluminense in the final of the Copa Sudamericana.[25][26] For the second year in a row, the club contested a continental cup. In a repeat of the previous year's Copa Libertadores, Fluminense lost the cup to LDU Quito.[27]

The Flu players before playing the 2008 Copa Libertadores final match.

In 2010, Fluminense won the Brazilian championship for the third time in its history, marking their third national championship after 1970 and 1984). It was also the fourth title for coach Muricy Ramalho in a decade: Ramalho had won the title three times in a row with São Paulo from 2006 to 2008. Darío Conca was named the Brazilian Championship's Player of Season, while Fred and Washington were decisive players in Fluminense's winning campaign.

On May 23, 2012, Fluminense lost the semifinal qualification match to Boca Juniors from Argentina, for the continental club football cup, Copa Libertadores.[28] Later that year, on November 11, they won their fourth Brazilian championship after defeating the near-relegated Palmeiras 3–2.[29] Fluminense won the Série A for the fourth time on November 11, 2012.[30]

In December 2013, a tie with Bahia in the last round of the 2013 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A had Fluminense mathematically relegated to the Série B. However, an irregular lineup by Portuguesa in the match against Grêmio in the previous round, which included midfielder Héverton, suspended for the affair, caused the Sâo Paulo side to lose 4 points after a trial in STJD (Brazil's governing football jury). That allowed Fluminense to stay in Série A, with Portuguesa being relegated instead. The move was widely criticized by fans and reporters alike, mainly because it marked the second time in 15 years that Fluminense was relegated but did not play the following year's Série B due to a legal decision.

Performance

Fluminense has taken part in 36 of the 38 official Serie A championships organized in Brazil since 1971.[31]

Year Position Participants Year Position Participants
1971 16 20 1981 11 44
1972 14 26 1982 5 44
1973 23 40 1983 18 44
1974 24 40 1984 1 41
1975 3 42 1985 22 44
1976 4 54 1986 6 48
1977 26 62 1987 7 16
1978 22 74 1988 3 24
1979 52 94 1989 15 22
1980 11 44 1990 15 20
Year Position Participants Year Position Participants
1991 4 20 2001 3 28
1992 14 20 2002 4 26
1993 28 32 2003 19 24
1994 15 24 2004 9 24
1995 4 24 2005 5 22
1996 23 24 2006 15 20
1997 25 26 2007 4 20
1998 Série B 2008 14 20
1999 Série C 2009 16 20
2000 3 25 2010 1 20
Year Position Participants Year Position Participants
2011 3 20
2012 1 20
2013 15 20
2014 6 20
2015 13 20

Sponsors

Companies that Fluminense Football Club currently has sponsorship deals with include:

  • Adidas – kit supplier from 1996 until 2015.
  • Dryworld – kit supplier since 2016.

Records

Fans of Fluminense at the Maracanã
Fluminense luminous mosaic arises, by fans in Maracanã.

Highest attendances – Maracanã[32]

  • 1. Fluminense 0–0 Flamengo, 1963 194,603 ¹
  • 2. Fluminense 3–2 Flamengo, 1969 171,599
  • 3. Fluminense 1–0 Botafogo, 1971 160,000
  • 4. Fluminense 0–0 Flamengo, 1976 155,116
  • 5. Fluminense 1–0 Flamengo, 1984 153,520
  • 6. Fluminense 1–1 Corinthians, 1976 146,043

¹: paying 177,656, a record of persons present at Maracanã stadium.

Highest means of public competition for Fluminense

  • Largest average attendance in the Copa Libertadores (RJ): 52,801 (49,011 pags., 2008)
  • Largest average attendance in the Copa Sudamericana (RJ): 29,357 (27,318 pags., 2009)
  • Largest average attendance in international tournaments (RJ): 48,797 (37,541 pags., Copa Rio, 1952)
  • Largest average attendance in national championships (RJ): 43,541 pags. (1976)
  • Largest average attendance in the Tournament Roberto Gomes Pedrosa (RJ): 40,408 pags. (1970)
  • Largest average attendance in the Brazil Cup (RJ): 27,123 pags. (2007)
  • Largest average attendance in the Rio-São Paulo Tournament (RJ): 33,018 pags. (1960)
  • Largest average attendance in the state championship: 47,814 pags. (1969, all stages)
  • Largest average attendance in the state championship in the Maracana Stadium: 93,560 pags. (1969, 10 Matches)

Support

The supporters of Fluminense Football Club are usually related to the upper classes of Rio de Janeiro.[33] However, the popularity of the club reaches beyond the city limits. Recent polls have estimated the number of supporters to be between 1.3% and 3.7% of the Brazilian population.[34] Considering a population of 185 million people,[35] that would account for numbers between 2.73 and 6.84 million.

The best attendance ever observed in a match of Fluminense was registered on December 15, 1963 in a rally against Flamengo. On that day, an impressive amount of 194,000 people showed up at the Maracanã stadium.[36] This occasion remains as the stadium's record for a match between clubs.[37]

Notable supporters of Fluminense include composers Cartola and Chico Buarque,[38][39] FIFA president of honor João Havelange,[4] musician Ivan Lins,[40] poet and actor Mário Lago,[41] journalist and songwriter Nelson Motta[42] and dramatist, journalist and writer Nelson Rodrigues.,[42] 1970 FIFA World Cup winner Gérson, Paris Saint Germain's top defense player Thiago Silva, former Minister of Culture and international artist Gilberto Gil,[43] Silvio Santos, the owner of SBT, the second largest Brazilian television network,[44] and the Academy Award nomenee Fernanda Montenegro.[45]

Titles

Some of the trophies won by Fluminense, exhibited at the club: (left): Campeonato Brasileiro Série A and Copa Rio amongst others; (right) The Copa do Brasil won in 2007.

Intercontinental

National

Regional

Local

  • Campeonato Carioca: (31) 1906, 1907¹, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1924, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1940, 1941, 1946, 1951, 1959, 1964, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1980, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1995, 2002, 2005, 2012

Fluminense main derbies

  • Fla-Flu, also called Derby of Crowds ('Clássico das Multidões'),[46] played with Flamengo;
  • Giants' Derby ('Clássico dos Gigantes'); played with Vasco;
  • Grandpa Derby ('Clássico Vovô'), played with Botafogo (name due to the fact that both are the oldest football teams in Rio de Janeiro);

According to the fluzao.info site, the average public paying the principal classics of Fluminense played in the Estádio do Maracanã is 60,107 against Flamengo, Vasco against the 43,735 of 34,359 against Botafogo of 25,127 against America and of 22,527 against Bangu, medium plus the public that these gifts could be about 20% higher, given the issues of the distribution of gratuities in the Maracanã .[47]

Corinthians vs Fluminense, the great Fluminense interstate derby

Considering the interstate clashes, the derby against Sport Club Corinthians Paulista is perhaps the most representative among the various confrontations with big Brazilian clubs played by Fluminense, given the fact that these clubs often intersect at decisive moments in their stories, either by the end Rio Cup, the direct contest in several Tournaments Rio-São Paulo since 1940, or by the qualifying rounds of the Championship or Cup of Brazil,[48][49] in the great struggle of the 2010 Série A when the two clubs contending for the title from the early stages of the championship with Corinthians been beaten for the Championship by Fluminense in the final round, as was the case in 2011, when Corinthians were crowned champions and the Tricolor, considered the best team during second round of the league, were placed third after the final match day.

Players

See also: List of Fluminense Football Club players

Current squad

As of 30 December 2015[50]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK Brazil BRA Marcos Felipe
2 DF Brazil BRA Jonathan
3 DF Brazil BRA Gum
4 DF Brazil BRA Marlon Santos
5 MF Brazil BRA Pierre
6 DF Brazil BRA Giovanni
7 MF Brazil BRA Cícero (vice-captain)
8 MF Brazil BRA Edson
9 FW Brazil BRA Fred (captain)
10 MF Brazil BRA Diego Souza
11 MF Brazil BRA Gerson (on loan from Roma)
12 GK Brazil BRA Diego Cavalieri
14 DF Brazil BRA Elivelton
15 MF Brazil BRA Higor Leite
16 DF Brazil BRA Léo Pelé
17 FW Brazil BRA Osvaldo
No. Pos. Nation Player
19 FW Brazil BRA Richarlison
20 FW Brazil BRA Magno Alves
21 MF Brazil BRA Daniel
22 GK Brazil BRA Júlio César
23 DF Brazil BRA Felipe Amorim
25 DF Brazil BRA Wellington Silva
27 MF Brazil BRA Douglas
29 MF Brazil BRA Marlon Freitas
30 MF Brazil BRA Eduardo
31 DF Brazil BRA Renato Chaves
33 DF Brazil BRA Henrique
34 GK Brazil BRA Matheus
35 FW Brazil BRA Marcos Júnior
40 MF Brazil BRA Gustavo Scarpa
44 DF Brazil BRA Nogueira

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— DF Brazil BRA Ailton (on loan at Azerbaijan Neftchi Baku)
— DF Brazil BRA Artur (on loan at América-MG)
— DF Brazil BRA Ayrton (on loan at Madureira)
— DF Brazil BRA Igor Julião (on loan at Ferroviaria)
— DF Brazil BRA Reginaldo (on loan at Vila Nova)
— DF Brazil BRA Renato (on loan at Avai)
— DF Brazil BRA Victor Oliveira (on loan at Joinville)
— DF Brazil BRA Wellington Carvalho (on loan at Tombense)
— MF Brazil BRA Bonilha (on loan at Finland FC Lahti)
— MF Brazil BRA João Vitor (on loan at Slovakia FC ŠTK 1914 Šamorín)
— MF Brazil BRA Kassiano (on loan at Slovakia FC ŠTK 1914 Šamorín)
— MF Brazil BRA Luiz Fernando (on loan at Vila Nova)
— MF Brazil BRA Michel (on loan at Slovakia FC ŠTK 1914 Šamorín)
No. Pos. Nation Player
— MF Brazil BRA Pablo Dyego (on loan at Canada Ottawa Fury)
— MF Brazil BRA Rafinha (on loan at Avai)
— MF Brazil BRA Robert (on loan at Spain Barcelona B)
— MF Brazil BRA Willian (on loan at Goiás EC)
— FW Brazil BRA Matheus Carvalho (on loan at United States Strikers)
— FW Brazil BRA Denílson (on loan at Spain Granada B)
— FW Brazil BRA Euller (on loan at Finland FC Lahti)
— FW Brazil BRA Lucas Fernandes (on loan at Avai)
— FW Brazil BRA Matheus Alves (on loan at South Korea Gangwon)
— FW Brazil BRA Michael (on loan at Portugal Estoril Praia)
— FW Brazil BRA Peu (on loan at Metropolitano)
— FW Brazil BRA Samuel (on loan at Ferroviaria)
— FW Brazil BRA Thiago (on loan at Slovakia FC ŠTK 1914 Šamorín)

Reserve team

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— GK Brazil BRA Alexandre
— GK Brazil BRA Jennerson
— GK Brazil BRA Lucas Barros
— DF Brazil BRA Breno Caetano
— DF Brazil BRA Breno Santos
— DF Brazil BRA Derlan
— DF Italy ITA Mirko Di Pierro
— DF Brazil BRA Frazan
— DF Brazil BRA Ighor
— DF Brazil BRA Matheus Mascarenhas
— MF Brazil BRA Andrey
— MF Brazil BRA Berguinho
No. Pos. Nation Player
— MF Uruguay URU Bryan Olivera
— MF Brazil BRA Guilherme
— MF Brazil BRA Paulinho
— MF Brazil BRA Pedrinho
— MF Brazil BRA Wendel
— FW Brazil BRA Danilo Mariotto
— FW Brazil BRA Marquinhos
— FW Brazil BRA Matheus Alessandro
— FW Brazil BRA Matheus Pato
— FW Brazil BRA Patrick
— FW Brazil BRA Pedro

First-team staff

As of June 2014.
Position Name Nationality
Head coach Levir Culpi  Brazilian
Assistant coach Marcão  Brazilian
Fitness coaches Flávio Vignoli  Brazilian
Jefferson Souza  Brazilian

Head coaches

Statistics

Players with most appearances

Name Matches
1º Brazil Castilho 699
2º Brazil Pinheiro 603
3º Brazil Telê Santana 556
4º Brazil Altair 549
5º Brazil Escurinho 490
6º Brazil Rubens Galaxe 462
7º Brazil Denílson 433
8º Brazil Assis (Defender) 424
9º Brazil Waldo 403
10º Brazil Marcão (Midfielder) 397

Top goalscorers

Name Goals Years
1º Brazil Waldo 319 1954–1961
2º Brazil Orlando Pingo de Ouro 188 1945–1955
3º Brazil Fred 167 2009–
4º Brazil Hércules 165 1935–1942
5º Brazil Telê Santana 164 1950–1961
6º England Welfare 163 1913–1923
7º Russia Russo 149 1933–1944
8º Brazil Preguinho 128 1925–1939
9º Brazil Washington 124 1983–1989
10º Brazil Ézio 119 1991–1995

Coaches with most appearances

Name Matches
1º Brazil Zezé Moreira 467
2º Uruguay Ondino Viera 300
3º Brazil Abel Braga 202
4º Brazil Renato Gaúcho 178
5º Brazil Tim 166
6º Brazil Nelsinho Rosa 156
7º Brazil Carlos Alberto Parreira 146
8º Brazil Sylvio Pirillo 138
9º Brazil Luís Vinhaes 137
10º Brazil Paulo Emílio 126

Notes

  1. ^ Also known by its nickname Brasileirão.
  2. ^ Also known by its nickname Cariocão.

References

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  5. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1919". Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2009-06-11.
  6. ^ Mason, Tony (1995). Passion of the people? Football in South America. Verso. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-86091-403-7. Retrieved 2009-06-10.
  7. ^ a b Rodrigues, Mário (2003). O negro no futebol brasileiro (in Portuguese). Mauad. pp. 36, 37, 41, 44, 51, 60, 62, 63, 69, 70, 77, 210, 281. ISBN 978-85-7478-096-2. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
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  9. ^ "FLUMEMÓRIA – HISTÓRIA – Um clube popular" (in Portuguese). Fluminense Football Club. Archived from the original on November 26, 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ "Fla consolida supremacia com seis títulos na década" (in Portuguese). Jornal O Dia. May 4, 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
  11. ^ "Fluminense Football Club – Conquistas" (in Portuguese). Fluminense Football Club. Archived from the original on November 26, 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ "Santos and sinners". When Saturday Comes (WSC). February 2003. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
  13. ^ "Brazil 1997 Championship". Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2009-12-04.
  14. ^ "Brazil 1998 Championship – Second Level (Série B)". Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2009-12-04.
  15. ^ "Brazil 1999 Third Level (Série C)". Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2009-12-04.
  16. ^ "Brazil 2001 Championship". Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 2009-12-04.
  17. ^ "Fluminense volta à Libertadores após 23 anos" (in Portuguese). UOL Esporte. June 6, 2007. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
  18. ^ "Flu massacra Arsenal em noite de gala" (in Portuguese). globoesporte.com. March 5, 2008. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
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  21. ^ Duarte, Fernando (July 4, 2008). "Fluminense in mourning after Maracana party turns to tears". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
  22. ^ "Balcão de negócios e alta rotatividade ajudam a explicar desespero do Flu" (in Portuguese). globoesporte.com. October 5, 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-14.
  23. ^ "Degola mais próxima: Fluminense tem 98% de chances de rebaixamento" (in Portuguese). globoesporte.com. October 9, 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-14.
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  25. ^ "Fred saves the day for Flu". Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). Retrieved 2009-12-15.
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  29. ^ Danilo Lavieri, Danilo; Rodrigues, Renan (November 11, 2012). "Fluminense vence com gols de Fred, vira tetra brasileiro e deixa Palmeiras a um jogo da queda". UOL Esportes (in Portuguese). Presidente Prudente. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
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  32. ^ "OS MAIORES PÚBLICOS DO FLUMINENSE FOOTBALL CLUB NA HISTÓRIA (ACIMA DE 90.000):". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  33. ^ "Perfil dos torcedores do Rio" (in Portuguese). Jornal O Globo. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
  34. ^ "Brazilian Clubs with Most Fans". RSSSF Brazil. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
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  39. ^ Hunt, Jemima (July 18, 2004). "The lionised king of Rio". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-06-10.
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  44. ^ "Fluminense homenageia grandes torcedores" (in Portuguese). Terra. December 17, 2001. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
  45. ^ "Fernanda Montenegro leva os netos ao Engenhão" (in Portuguese). Extra. December 11, 2010. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
  46. ^ Livro “Fla-Flu... E as Multidões Despertaram”, de Nélson Rodrigues e Mário Filho (Edição Europa, 1987).
  47. ^ "Estatísticas Fluminense". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  48. ^ "Blog da Flusócio – O Fluminense somos todos nós!". Blog da Flusócio. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  49. ^ PC Filho. "Jornalheiros: Recordar é viver – A invasão corintiana em 1976". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  50. ^ "Elenco". Fluminense's official site. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
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