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Përmet

Coordinates: 40°14′N 20°21′E / 40.233°N 20.350°E / 40.233; 20.350
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Përmet
Municipality
Përmet is located in Albania
Përmet
Përmet
Coordinates: 40°14′N 20°21′E / 40.233°N 20.350°E / 40.233; 20.350
Country Albania
CountyGjirokastër
Area
 • Municipality601.95 km2 (232.41 sq mi)
Elevation
246 m (807 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Municipality
10,614
 • Municipality density18/km2 (46/sq mi)
 • Municipal unit
5,945
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal Code
6401
Area Code(0)813
Katiu Bridge

Përmet (Template:Lang-el, Premeti,[1][2] Template:Lang-tr) is a municipality in Gjirokastër County, southern Albania. It was formed at the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former municipalities Çarçovë, Frashër, Përmet, Petran and Qendër Piskovë, that became municipal units. The seat of the municipality is the town Përmet.[3] The total population is 10,614 (2011 census), in a total area of 601.95 km2. The population of the former municipality at the 2011 census was 5,945. It is flanked by the Vjosë river, which runs along the Trebeshinë-Dhëmbel-Nemërçkë mountain chain, between Trebeshinë and Dhëmbel mountains, and through the Këlcyrë Gorge.

History

15th century

In 15th century Përmet came under Ottoman rule and became first a kaza of the sanjak of Gjirokastër and later of the Sanjak of Ioannina.[4][5]

18th century

In 1778, a Greek school was established and financed by the local Orthodox Church and the diaspora of the town.[6]

19th century

After a successful revolt in 1833 the Ottoman Empire replaced Ottoman officials in the town with local Albanian ones and proclaimed a general amnesty for all those who had been involved in the uprising.[4][verification needed] The artisans of the kaza of Përmet held the monopoly in the trade of opinga in the vilayets of Shkodër and Janina until 1841, when that privilege was revoked under the Tanzimat reforms.[7] In 1882 Greek education was expanded with the foundation of a Greek girls' school subsidized by members of the local diaspora that lived in Constantinople, as well as the Greek national benefactor, Konstantinos Zappas.[6] The first Albanian-language school of the town was founded in the beginning of 1890 by Llukë Papavrami, a teacher from Hotovë, who had the endorsement of Naim Frasheri.[8][9] A great contribution for the Albanian school was given by philanthropists Mihal Kerbici,Pano Duro and Stathaq Duka. Duro and Kerbici financed until 1896 the salaries of five teachers, whereas Stathaq Duka bequeathed in 1886 scholarships for studies in the schools of Jurisprudence and Medicine.[9] Later, the Ottoman authorities forbade Muslim pupils to attend it and the school was eventually banned.[citation needed] In 1909 during the Second Constitutional Era the authorities allowed Albanian language to be taught in the local madrasah.[10] In 1919, Përmet had 40 Greek schools, 45 Greek teachers, and 1,189 Greek scholars.[11] It was a kaza centre as "Premedi" in Ergiri sanjak of Yanya Vilayet till 1912.

20th century

In February 1913 during the First Balkan War, units of the advancing 3rd Division of the Greek Army entered the town without facing Ottoman resistance.[12] In 1914, Përmet became part of the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus, which struggled against annexation of the region to the Albanian state.[13] During the Greco-Italian War, on December 4, 1940, the town came under the control of the advancing forces of the Greek II Army Corps.[14] Përmet returned to Axis control in April 1941. In May 1944 the National Liberation Movement held in the town the congress, which elected the provisional government of Albania.[15] During the Communist era Përmet held the title of the Hero City.

In August 2013, demonstrations took place[16] by the local Orthodox community as a result of the confiscation of the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin and the forcible removal of the clergy and of religious artifacts from the temple, by the state authorities.[17][18] The Cathedral was allegedly not fully returned to the Orthodox Autocephalous Church of Albania after the restoration of Democracy in the country.[19] The incident provoked reactions by the Orthodox Church of Albania and also trigerred diplomatic intervention from Greece.[18][20]

Demographics

The stone of the city and the mosque

The total population is 10,614 (2011 census), in a total area of 601.95 km2.[21] The population of the former municipality at the 2011 census was 5,945.[22]

Demographic history

  • 1921: A 1921[verification needed] document has the population divided by 12,780 Orthodox and 12,173 Muslims, a total of 25,043.[23] Greek was spoken as a first language in few parts of the district.[23] The northern part of the kaza was inhabited by Muslims.[24]
  • 1918–19: According to Greece Before the Conference (1919), the kaza (Ottoman district) of Premeti had 15,138 Muslims, 10,823 Greeks, 888 Others; a total of 26,849.[25]
  • 1913: According to Mary Edith Durham, writing on 3 September 1913, the district of "Premeti" was "purely Albanian".[26]
  • 1904: According to German state archives, in 1904, the district of Premeti had 8,000 inhabitants, all Albanians, divided by 5,000 Muslims and 3,000 Christians.[27]

Culture

Përmet is known for its cuisine, particularly the many different types of jam (reçel) and kompot (komposto), and the production of local wine and raki.[28]

Sports

Përmet is also home to the football club SK Përmeti

Notable people

2

See also

2

References

  1. ^ Eduardo D. Faingold (2010). The Kalamata Diary: Greece, War, and Emigration. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 77–. ISBN 978-0-7391-2890-9.
  2. ^ Owen Pearson (11 July 2006). Albania in the Twentieth Century, A History: Volume II: Albania in Occupation and War, 1939-45. I.B.Tauris. pp. 82–. ISBN 978-1-84511-104-5.
  3. ^ Law nr. 115/2014
  4. ^ a b History of the Albanian people p. 85
  5. ^ H. Karpat, Kemal (1985). Ottoman population, 1830–1914: demographic and social characteristics. p. 146. ISBN 9780299091606. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
  6. ^ a b Koltsida, Athina. Η Εκπαίδευση στη Βόρεια Ήπειρο κατά την Ύστερη Περίοδο της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας (PDF) (in Greek). Aristotle University of Thessaloniki: 131, 214, 406. Retrieved 7 June 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ^ History of the Albanian people pp. 45–6
  8. ^ [Qemal Haxhihasani, “Kërkime dhe Vëzhgime Folklorike në rrethin e Përmetit”, Buletin I Universitetit Shtetëror të Tiranës seria Shkencat Shoqërore Nr. 2, V. 1959 f. 121.]
  9. ^ a b Nuri Dragoj TREVA E PËRMETIT NË PERIUDHËN E VITEVE 1912-1944 pXIII
  10. ^ Academy of Sciences of Albania, History of the Albanian people p.401
  11. ^ Pan-Epirotic Union in America, Boston (1919). Statement of the Natives of Korytsa and Kolonia. p. 20. Premeti has 40 Greek schools, 45 Greek teachers, and 1,189 Greek scholars.
  12. ^ ...], Hellenic Army General Staff, Army History Directorate. [Ed. committee: Dimitrios Gedeon (1998). A concise history of the Balkan Wars, 1912-1913 (1.udg. ed.). Athens: Hellenic Army General Staff. p. 201. ISBN 9789607897077. On 22 February, Division III moved from Korytsa towards Premeti, by way of Leskovik, meeting no Turkish resistance. {{cite book}}: |last1= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Kondis, Basil (1976). Greece and Albania: 1908-1914. Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies, New York University. p. 125. Besides Argyrokastro, the Autonomous North Epirus included the towns of Chimara, Delvino, Santi Quaranta, and Premeti
  14. ^ John Carr. The Defence and Fall of Greece 1940-1941, p. 90
  15. ^ Vickers, Miranda (1999). The Albanians: a modern history. I.B.Tauris. p. 155. ISBN 9781860645419.
  16. ^ Barkas, Panagiotis. "Violent Clashes against Clergy and Faithful in Permet". skai.gr. Athens News Agency. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  17. ^ "International Religious Freedom Report for 2014: Albania" (PDF). http://www.state.gov/. United States, Department of State. p. 4. Retrieved 20 October 2015. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
  18. ^ a b Diamadis, Panayiotis (Spring 2014). "Clash of Eagles with Two Heads: Epirus in the 21st Century" (PDF). American Hellenic Institute Foundation Policy Journal: 7–8. Retrieved 18 October 2015. Clergy and faithful were violently ejected from an Orthodox church in Premeti during the celebrations for the Assumption of the Virgin Mary on 16 August 2013, by private security and municipal authorities. Religious items such as icons and utensils were also confiscated.
  19. ^ Watch, Human Rights; [Researched, Helsinki.; Abrahams], written by Fred (1996). Human rights in post-communist Albania. New York [u.a.]: Human Rights Watch. p. 157. ISBN 9781564321602. A further point of contention between the Albanian Orthodox Church and the Albanian government is the return of church property.... In addition many holy icons and vessels of the Orthodox Church are being held in national museums, alllegedly because of the Albanian government is concerned with protecting these valuable objects.... other church property that have been allegedly not been fully returned by the state include, the Cathedral of the Assumption in Permet
  20. ^ "Conflict in Permet about the Church, police takes control of the House of Culture". Independent Balkan News Agency. August 28, 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  21. ^ Interactive map administrative territorial reform
  22. ^ 2011 census results
  23. ^ a b Basil Kondis (1994). The Greek Minority in Albania: A Documentary Record (1921-1993). Institute For Balkan Studies. pp. 55–56. ISBN 978-960-7387-02-8.
  24. ^ Kondis 1994, p. 42
  25. ^ Greece Before the Conference. Methuen & Company. 1919. p. 80.
  26. ^ M. Edith Durham; Harry Hodgkinson; Bejtullah Destani (22 July 2005). Albania and the Albanians: Selected Articles and Letters, 1903-1944. I.B.Tauris. pp. 33–. ISBN 978-1-85043-939-4.
  27. ^ Das Staatsarchiv. Vol. 68–70. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.h. 1904. p. 32.
  28. ^ Gillian Gloyer (7 January 2015). Albania. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 147. ISBN 978-1-84162-855-4.

Sources

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