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==Notable residents==
==Notable residents==
*[[Rami Hamdallah]] - President of [[An-Najah National University]],<ref>[http://www.webgaza.net/palestine/people_profiles/Hamdallah_Rami.htm Rami Hamdallah]</ref> and interim president of the [[Palestinian National Authority]], 2013.<ref>Jodi Rudoren, [http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/04/world/middleeast/hamdallah-palestinian-authoritys-premier-is-admired.html?src=rechp 'Palestinian Authority’s New Premier Admired as ‘Conscience’] at [[New York Times]], 3 June 2013.</ref>
* [[Prof.]] [[Rami Hamdallah]] - Prime Minister of the State of Palestine (from 6 June 2013 till now), President of [[An-Najah National University]].
* HE Hafez Hamdallah, Senator - [[The Jordanian Senate]] - [[The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan]] (between 1951-1974).
*[[Samiha Khalil]] - Former Palestinian presidential candidate.
*[[Samiha Khalil]] - Former Palestinian presidential candidate.


Revision as of 06:34, 14 November 2013

Template:Infobox Palestinian Authority municipality Anabta (Arabic: عنبتا) is a Palestinian town in the Tulkarm Governorate in the northern West Bank, located 9 kilometers east of Tulkarm. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Anabta had a population of 7,329 inhabitants in 2007.[1] Anabta is administered by a municipal council and is one of the oldest municipalities in the Tulkarm Governorate.[2]

Etymology

Anabta is a two-part word consisting of "Anab" (Arabic for grape) and "Ta," a word referencing a Roman village. The name as evidenced by the large number of grape presses hewn in the rocks of the hills surrounding the city.[2] The name 'Anebta may also originate from 'Ain Narbata, Narbata being a place mentioned by Josephus used as a refuge from the Romans by the Jews of Caesarea in 66 CE.[3]

History

Roman and Byzantine era

During Roman and Byzantine rule over Palestine, Anabta was a Samaritan village.[4] A tradition connects the village with Dositheos, a Samaritan religious leader possibly active during the 1st-century CE.[5] The Samaritan chronicler Abu l-Fath (14th-century) mentions that Dositheos died of starvation after going to 'Anbata where he hid in a cave, fasting in an effort to gain wisdom.[6] Some olive trees still existing in Anabta are said to date back to Roman times.

According to the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine, the site appeared "ancient",[7] and rock-cut tombs and a tank of good masonry had been found.[8][9]

Mamluk and Ottoman eras

During the reign of Mamluk Sultan Baibars al-Bunduqdari in the 13th century, Anabta served as a central staging point from which to supply the Muslim armies fighting Crusader and Mongol incursions. The location was chosen because it was considered relatively easy to protect as the area is nestled between two large hills.[2]

During Ottoman rule, Anabta was listed in the 1596 Ottoman tax register as being in the Nahiya of Jabal Sami of the Liwa of Nablus. It had a population of 55 Muslim households who paid taxes on wheat, barley, summercrops, olives, goats or beehives, and presses for grapes or olives.[10] In 1648, the Ottoman traveller Evliya Çelebi reported that the village was inhabited by 100 Druze families.[11]

In 1852 the American scholar Edward Robinson visited the village. He described it as "large and well built", with two watermills by the stream. There were many camels there, as the village was on the main route for camels from Nablus to Ramleh.[12] In 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described it as a village of moderate size, in the valley, with olives around it. It also had a mill.[7] A portion of the Hejaz Railway used to run through the centre of the town, parallel to the main street.[2]

British Mandate era

The first local council in Anabta was established in 1923, during the British Mandate for Palestine. On the night of April 15, 1936, in a prelude to the 1936-1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, vehicles traveling on the road outside Anabta were attacked by armed villagers.[13] Two Jews were shot to death and a third later died of his injuries.[14] In June, a clash between local Arabs and British troops culminated in the aerial bombardment of the village.[15]

Jordanian era

In 1954, under Jordanian occupation of the West Bank, Anabta became a municipal council.[2] Between 1922 and 1947, the population increased by 110%.[16]

Israeli era

After the Six-Day War in 1967, Anabta became part of the Israeli-occupied territories, and, according to a source from 1968, underwent major development and achieved local council status.[17] According to Israel´s Ministry of Defense, the village was connected to the Israeli electric grid.[18]

Palestinian era

Anabta lies on the edge of the Tulkarm district's area A, an administrative division of the 1993 Oslo Accords, which means the city is under full security and civil jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority.

Geography

Anabta is located 19 kilometers west of Nablus and 9 kilometers east of Tulkarm. The town is bordered to the north by the village of Kafr Rumman, the south by the town of Kafr al-Labad, the east by the village of Ramin and the northwest by the town of Bal'a. The city is elevated 150 meters above sea level.[2][19] Surrounded by hills on all sides, a small valley that runs through the center of the town.[2] The town has an urban area of about 1,300 dunams. Most of its exterior lands are planted with olives, figs and almonds or covered by forests. Water is provided by five underground wells, with distribution supervised by the town's municipality.[20] `The Israeli settlement Einav is located southeast of the city and an Israeli checkpoint is positioned at the eastern entrance of the town.[21]

Demographics

By a 1870 visitor, the population was estimated at 1,800.[22] At the time of the 1922 census of Palestine, Anabta had a population of 1606 Muslims.[23] In the 1931 census of Palestine, the combined population of Anabta, Iktaba and Nur ash Shams was 2,457 Muslims, 34 Christians and 1 Druze living in 502 houses.[24] In 1945, the combined population of Anabta and Iktaba was 3,120.[25] In 1967, the population was 3,400, rising to 5,700 by 1987 and 8,300 by 2009.[20]

Residents of Anabta belong to two large clans, 'Amr and Al-Jetawi. These families are then divided into smaller families.[26] Anabta also contains a significant population of Palestinians from Gaza who are not classified among the families.

Education

The town has two high schools and four elementary schools that are maintained and funded by the Palestinian Authority Ministry of Education.[2]

Health care

The St John of Jerusalem Eye Hospital Group operates a clinic in Anabta envisaged as a centre for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy in the northern West Bank.[27]

Notable residents

References

  1. ^ 2007 PCBS census. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). p. 108.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Anabta Anabta Municipality entry titled "عنبتا" (Arabic)
  3. ^ Gustaf Dalman; Paul Philip Levertoff (1935). Sacred sites and ways: studies in the topography of the Gospels. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. p. 224. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
  4. ^ Yoram Tsafrir; Leah Di Segni; Judith Green (1994). Tabula Imperii Romani Iudaea-Palestina: Eretz Israel in the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Periods; Maps and Gazetteer. Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. p. 62. ISBN 978-965-208-107-0. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
  5. ^ Adam Zertal (2000). Culture and history of the ancient Near East. BRILL. p. 370. ISBN 978-90-04-13756-1. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
  6. ^ Alan David Crown (1989). The Samaritans. Mohr Siebeck. p. 320. ISBN 978-3-16-145237-6. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
  7. ^ a b Conder and Kitchener, 1882, p. 158
  8. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, p. 170
  9. ^ Dauphin, 1998, p. 762
  10. ^ Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth and Kamal Abdulfattah (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. p. 127.
  11. ^ Palestine. Department of Antiquities (1935). Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine. Pub. for the government of Palestine by H. Milford. p. 154. Retrieved 14 June 2011. Farther south lies the village of 'Anebta, situated in a valley and inhabited Ia by one hundred Druze families
  12. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1856, p. 125-126
  13. ^ 'Nablus Banidits Seen as Izz ed Din's followers', Palestine Post, Friday, 17 April 1936.
  14. ^ Israel's secret wars: A history of Israel's intelligence services, Ian Black
  15. ^ Michael Williams (25 October 1936). Commonweal. Commonweal Pub. Corp. p. 266. Retrieved 14 June 2011. A number of casualties were reported from Palestine as clashes between Arabs and British troops occurred in the Tel Aviv region. The most serious occurrence was a battle at Anabta involving bombers.
  16. ^ Transformation in Arab Settlement, Moshe Brawer, in The Land that Became Israel: Studies in Historical Geography, Ruth Kark (ed), Magnes Press, Jerusalem 1989, p.177
  17. ^ Ori Stendel (1968). Arab villages in Israel and Judea-Samaria (the West Bank): a comparison in social development. Israel Economist. p. 30. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  18. ^ Israel. Miśrad ha-biṭaḥon (1968). The Israel administration in Judaea, Samaria and Gaza: a record of progress. Ministry of Defence. p. 53. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  19. ^ Tulkarem: town listing in a snapshot Palestine Remembered
  20. ^ a b The city of Tulkarem and its villages Palestine Information Centre.
  21. ^ Map of the Separation Barrier in the West Bank B'Tselem
  22. ^ M. V. Guérin (1875). Description géographique, historique et archéologique de la Palestine. Vol. Samarie II. Paris. p. 213. A cinq kilomètres au nord-oest du Kharbet Kefr Lebed, un grand village, occupant à la fois un vallon et un monticule , compte 1,800 habitants; il se nomme A'nebta, Plusieurs citernes et quelques tombeaux antiques creusés dans le roc attestent qu'il a succédé à une ancienne ville, dont la Bible ne parle pas.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  23. ^ J. B. Barron, ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine. Table IX.
  24. ^ E. Mills, ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine. p. 53.
  25. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in S. Hadawi, Village Statistics, 1945. PLO Research Center, 1970, p74. [1]
  26. ^ [2] Anabta Family Tree
  27. ^ Anabta eye clinic
  28. ^ Rami Hamdallah
  29. ^ Jodi Rudoren, 'Palestinian Authority’s New Premier Admired as ‘Conscience’ at New York Times, 3 June 2013.

Bibliography

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anabta.

External links

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