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The Beaudesert branch of the [[Queensland Country Women's Association]] meets at 86 Brisbane Street.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.qcwa.org.au/branch-locations/|title=Branch Locations|publisher=[[Queensland Country Women's Association]]|access-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226010724/http://www.qcwa.org.au/branch-locations/|archive-date=26 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The Beaudesert branch of the [[Queensland Country Women's Association]] meets at 86 Brisbane Street.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.qcwa.org.au/branch-locations/|title=Branch Locations|publisher=[[Queensland Country Women's Association]]|access-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226010724/http://www.qcwa.org.au/branch-locations/|archive-date=26 December 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Tourist Information Office has information about other groups. The Beaudesert Bush Bards for example meet regularly at this venue.


==Population==
==Population==

Revision as of 14:50, 16 March 2021

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Beaudesert
Queensland
Main street of Beaudesert
Beaudesert is located in Queensland
Beaudesert
Beaudesert
Coordinates27°59′17″S 152°59′45″E / 27.9880°S 152.9958°E / -27.9880; 152.9958 (Beaudesert (centre of town))
Population6,395 (2016 census)[1]
 • Density146.67/km2 (379.9/sq mi)
Established1870s[2]
Postcode(s)4285
Elevation50 m (164 ft)
Area43.6 km2 (16.8 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10:00)
Location
LGA(s)Scenic Rim Region
State electorate(s)Scenic Rim
Federal division(s)Wright
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
25.6 °C
78 °F		 12.6 °C
55 °F		 905.4 mm
35.6 in
Localities around Beaudesert:
Gleneagle Veresdale Birnam
Bromelton Beaudesert Tabragalba
Josephville Cryna
Kerry		 Nindooinbah

Beaudesert is a rural town and locality in the Scenic Rim Region, Queensland, Australia.[3][4] In the 2016 census, Beaudesert had a population of 6,395 people.[1]

Geography

Beaudesert is south of Brisbane and west of the Gold Coast.

Beaudesert is located on the Mount Lindesay Highway, some 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of Brisbane. The area sources its income predominantly from rural activities such as cropping, grazing and equine activities, as well as tourism. It has a racecourse, 50-metre swimming pool, public library, two gyms, two secondary schools, two primary schools, showgrounds, caravan park and several hotels and eateries. The surrounding countryside includes numerous valleys leading up to the ranges dividing Queensland and New South Wales with creeks running through them and accompanying mountain scenery. The annual agricultural show held in August is an event that includes a wide range of events and displays. The Tourist Information Centre on the north side of town has a wide range of local arts and crafts for sale and advice about what to do and where to go as well as a coffee shop. Access to some of more remote areas is possible by camping [1]in the Stockyard creek valley a branch of the Kerry Valley to the south of the town.

Wyaralong Dam, 2012

In the Logan River and Albert River valleys, Beaudesert is a regional hub serving surrounding communities such as Rathdowney, Kooralbyn, Canungra, Tamborine Mountain and Jimboomba. It is approximately 91 kilometres from Brisbane and connected by the Mount Lindesay Highway.

The town of Beaudesert is located 46 m above sea level and has an average annual rainfall of around 916 mm per year. The temperature is around 30 °C in summer and falls to around 3 °C in winter. Generally the weather is mild, but some severe storms can arrive each summer.

In the east of the locality is the decommissioned Nindooinbah Dam. The much larger Wyaralong Dam is situated roughly 14 km to the north west of the town and was completed in 2011.

History

A homestead in the 1890s
Brisbane Street, 1908

Yugembah (also known as Yugumbir, Jugambel, Jugambeir, Jugumbir, Jukam, Jukamba) is one of the Australian Aboriginal languages in areas that include the Beaudesert, Gold Coast, Logan, Scenic Rim, Albert River, Beenleigh, Coolangatta, Coomera, Logan River, Pimpama, Tamborine and Tweed River Valley, within the local government boundaries of the City of Gold Coast, City of Logan, Scenic Rim Regional Council and the Tweed River Valley.

Mununjali (also known as Mananjahli, Manaldjahli and Manandjali) is a dialect of the Yugambeh language. The Mununjali language area includes landscape within the local government boundaries of the Scenic Rim and Beaudesert Shire Councils.[5]

The town is possibly named after Beau Desert Park, the property of Charles Henry Alexander Paget, 6th Marquess of Anglesey in Staffordshire, England.[2] Yet it is certain that Queensland's Beaudesert was named in about 1841 or 1842 by 'Ned Hawkins', or Edward Brace Hawkins (1821–1849), who was claiming the area as a sheep station on behalf of his employer William Henry Suttor senior (1805–1877) at Bathurst. It is not known why Hawkins picked the name Beaudesert. He was himself born in Newark-Upon-Trent in Nottinghamshire, the son of Thomas Fitzherbert Hawkins and wife Elizabeth of Bathurst fame, and it does not seem that he or his family had any personal connections to Beaudesert in England. Ned Hawkins moved on, not long after taking up Beaudesert station, to take up Boonara Station in the South Burnett.[citation needed]

In 1842 Nindooinbah pastoral run was established. In 1850 the Nindooinbah Homestead was built.[citation needed]

The town was settled in 1847, on Yugambeh lands, and has grown to a small, bustling centre.[citation needed]

Beaudesert Tramway station in 1927

The town was originally set out in a grid pattern; however, several of the streets followed cart tracks. The area was originally settled for growing cotton and sheep. However, the area is also notoriously short of water and the cotton was not a successful crop. Hoop pine was very successfully collected from the area. In 1863 the cotton workers were indentured labourers from the South Sea Islands, the first such use in Queensland. In the 1880s, the Cobb & Co stagecoaches ran between Beaudesert and Jimboomba.[citation needed]

Upper Beaudesert Provisional School opened circa 1882 and closed circa 1885.[6]

Beaudesert Provisional School opened on 26 March 1882 but closed on 9 September 1886. On 13 September 1887 it reopened as Beaudesert State School.[6][7]

On 15 August 1885 at Stretton's Hotel at Beaudesert, auctioner C.J. Warner offered 125 town lots in the Beaudesert Township Extension estate. The lots were mostly 2 roods (0.50 acres; 2,000 m2) and were on Brisbane Street, Tubber Street, Gordon Street, Birman Street, James Street, Edward Street and Alice Street.[8] The advertising noted that the Queensland Government had voted the funds to extend the railway line from Logan Village to Beaudesert.[9]

The Beaudesert railway line from Bethania to Beaudesert opened on 16 May 1888.[10] Beaudesert railway station (27°59′07″S 152°59′42″E / 27.9853°S 152.9950°E / -27.9853; 152.9950 (Beaudesert railway station)) served the town.[11] Use of the passenger services declined with the increasing ownership of cars following World War II, leading to the termination of the passenger services in 1961. However the Beaudesert abattoir and the dairy farmers continued to use the freight services on the line until freight services terminated on 20 May 1996.[12]

St Thomas' Anglican Church, with the former church (now hall) to the right and rear, 2020

On Tuesday 24 July 1888, the foundation log of St Thomas' Anglican church was laid by Mrs De Burgh Persse of Tabragalba with an address given by Archdeacon Nathaniel Dawes.[13][14] On Sunday 4 July 1965, a second St Thomas' Anglican Church was consecrated on Sunday 4 July 1965 by Archbishop Philip Strong.[15] The 1888 church was then used as the church hall.[16]

Timber, cattle and dairying were the main industries in the area.[citation needed]

On 3 February 1889 Roman Catholic Archbishop Robert Dunne blessed the foundation stone for the first Catholic church in Beaudesert. The event raised £74 with a further £7 pledged.[17] As 2 February was the Feast of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, it was decided to call the church Our Lady of the Purification, but it was commonly known as St Mary's.[18] Dunne returned on 2 June 1889 to open the new church.[19] Internally the church was 50 by 28 feet (15.2 m × 8.5 m) with 14-foot (4.3 m) ceilings. It was built by James Madden of Ipswich, who design the church for free. It was fitted with an altar, altar rails and 20 pews.[18] On Sunday 15 September 1907 the second St Mary's was opened, with the original church dismantled and re-assembled at Kerry where it was named St John's Catholic Church.[18]

Mercy Hall, the original school building, of St Mary's Catholic School, 2020
Brick school building, St Mary's Catholic School, 2020

On 14 April 1901 the foundation stone was laid for St Mary's Convent School. The school opened on 19 August 1901 with an initial enrolment of 101 students and was operated by the Sisters of Mercy. The original timber building remained in use until 1939 when its condition was becoming dangerous. The school operated temporarily from the church until a new brick building was erected. The brick building was blessed and opened by Archbishop Duhig on 3 September 1939. The timber building remains on the site as Mercy Hall. Further buildings were added over the years. On 19 August 2013, the 1939 brick building was badly damaged by a fire. However, the exterior and stained glass windows survived and the building was rebuilt, re-opening on 20 February 2015; it is now used for school administration.[6][20]

On 17 December 1901 auctioneers M. Selwyn Smith offered nine grazing and agricultural lots surrounding the town of the Beaudesert ranging in size from 137 to 607 acres (55 to 246 ha; 0.55 to 2.46 km2), totalling 2,235 acres (904 ha; 9.04 km2).[21] The land was being sold following the death of its owner Ernest White.[22]

The Beaudesert Shire Tramway to Christmas Creek, Lamington and Rathdowney, operated by the Beaudesert Shire, opened in 1903 and closed in 1944.

A local newspaper, the Beaudesert Times was established in 1908.[23]

From the nineteenth century through to the 1980s, it was a thriving centre with a shoe factory and meat works as well as markets, a hospital and an ambulance service. The Enright family managed a major department store.[24] The Blunck family managed an electrical store and a car servicing and sales business.[25] As in many areas, globalisation has seen local factories and family-owned business taken over and closed with profits leaving the town where once they would have been reinvested.[citation needed]

From 1954 to 1962 the Beaudesert State School also provided a secondary school program, which ceased when a separate Beaudesert State High Schoool was opened in January 1963.[6]

Even though the area was known as Beau-desert (beautiful desert), the droughts and the floods were continuous problems in the area. In times of flood, houses, animals and people were washed away. The damage caused by floods is often recounted in historical documentation.[when?][citation needed]

The Biddaddaba History Group brought together the history of the area from the earliest settlement of white people up to 1990 in a comprehensive book available from libraries.[26]

Located in the Beaudesert Historical Museum is the Milbanks Pioneer Cottage. This cottage was originally built in 1875 by Patrick Milbanks on his Kerry property, out of local hand-hewn timbers, slats and shingle roof. It has four-poster bed, large cedar sideboard and numerous articles that portray the life of the early pioneers. It was donated to the museum by Patrick Milbanks's grandchildren and relocated to its present site in 1979.[citation needed]

Nindooinbah House, 1939
Beaudesert War Memorial

The Beaudesert War Museum was unveiled on 28 September 1921 by Queensland Governor Matthew Nathan.[27]

In the 2016 census, Beaudesert had a population of 6,395 people.[1]

Timeline

Year Event
1842 Nindooinbah pastoral run was established
1850 Nindooinbah original homestead was built
1885 Beaudesert Hotel (burned down in 1940 and replaced)
1888 Beaudesert railway line opened
1901 St Marys Primary School opened.
1903 Beaudesert Shire Tramway opened
1904 The Logan and Albert Co-operative Butter Factory opened and closed 1987.
1919 Beaudesert RSL Sub Branch in Jane Street
1927 Visit by The Duke and Duchess of York
1934 L & A Hotel opened
1944 Beaudesert Shire Tramway closed
1964 Beaudesert High School
1993 A J Bush. Destroyed by fire in 2001. Reopened in 2002
1995 Gelita opened

Heritage listings

Beaudesert has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Council

Former Beaudesert Shire

The Tabragalba Divisional Board was incorporated on 11 November 1879 under the Divisional Boards Act 1879, centred on Beaudesert. With the passage of the Local Authorities Act 1902, Tabragalba became a shire council on 31 March 1903, and on 8 August 1903 was renamed Beaudesert by an Order in Council. Between 23 November 1912 and 14 September 1929, a separate Beaudesert Town Council managed the town itself.

On 9 December 1948, an Order in Council abolished the Shires of Nerang, Tamborine and Waterford and included the latter two and part of Nerang into a new Shire of Beaudesert. Waterford had existed largely unaltered since being created as a Divisional Board in 1879, while Tamborine (spelt Tambourine until 14 January 1939) had split away from Tabragalba on 4 October 1890. The Shire of Beaudesert was split into four divisions with a total of eight councillors-Division 2 with four, Division 4 with two and the others with one each. The chairman (later Mayor) was to be chosen from amongst the councillors. The new council was formally established at elections on 31 May 1949 and a Special Meeting was held on 7 June. It had grown 40% in population and gained 1,045 km2(403 sq mi) in the process.

On 8 June 1978, the Shire of Logan was created out of parts of Beaudesert and the Shire of Albert. The council lost 146.1 km2 (56.4 sq mi) of its area and 11,550 people to Logan. At the 1979 council elections, Beaudesert was resubdivided into eight divisions each electing one councillor.

On 15 March 2008, under the Local Government (Reform Implementation) Act 2007 passed by the Parliament of Queensland on 10 August 2007, Beaudesert was abolished and became one of only three Queensland councils, alongside Taroom and Tiaro, to be split in two. The Scenic Rim Regional Council was born. The northern area, which while still largely rural was part of Brisbane's growth corridor, became part of Logan City, while the southern rural section became part of the Scenic Rim Region alongside the Shire of Boonah.

Beaudesert Shire Council building now houses the Scenic Rim Region Council. There are 6 Councillors and a Mayor for an area of 4,238sq km and a regional population of 38,000.

Bromelton State Development Area

Bromelton SDA was declared in 2008, and covers 15,000 hectares of land approximately six kilometres west of Beaudesert. About 1,800 hectares has been earmarked for industrial development. It will accommodate industrial activities of regional, state and national significance, maximising the use of the areas existing standard gauge rail. The railline connects Bromelton to the Port of Brisbane, to other parts of Queensland, and to other States.

Mirvac has commenced work on a site bordered by Sandy Creek Road and Beaudesert Boonah Road. The Bromelton SDA applications will be reviewed by the Co-ordinator General for approval. The Scenic Rim Regional Council will be responsible for operational works, clearing of vegetation, plumbing and Reconfiguration of Lots (ROLs) applications after the MCUs have been approved by the State Government.

Schools

There are a number of schools in Beaudesert including:

  • Beaudesert Special School
  • Beaudesert State Primary School
  • Beaudesert State High School
  • Mcauley College Beaudesert
  • St Mary's Catholic School

as well as pre-schools and childcare centres.

McAuley College is a Catholic secondary school (Year 7 to Year 12).[29]

Amenities

The Scenic Rim Regional Council operates a public library at 58 Brisbane Street.[30]

The Beaudesert branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at 86 Brisbane Street.[31]

The Tourist Information Office has information about other groups. The Beaudesert Bush Bards for example meet regularly at this venue.

Population

Year Population
1881 25
1891 450
1911 1,330
1947 1,548
1961 2,930
1991 4,028
2001 4,460
2006 5,388
2011 5,999
2016 6,395

According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 6,395 people in Beaudesert.

  • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 7.2% of the population.
  • 80.6% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were New Zealand 3.2% and England 2.7%.
  • 89.7% of people only spoke English at home.
  • The most common responses for religion were No Religion 23.4%, Anglican 21.3% and Catholic 21.2%.[32]

Transport

Bus

A bus runs from Beaudesert to Browns Plains and Brisbane on weekdays. Centacare St Mary's Community Services and the Beaudesert RSL provide transport for aged, disabled, veterans and hospital/respite requirements.

Rail

The standard gauge Brisbane-Sydney railway line runs through Bromelton, a few kilometres west of Beaudesert. This line is used by NSW TrainLink Sydney to Brisbane XPT passenger services and Aurizon, Pacific National and SCT Logistics freight services to Sydney, Melbourne, Wollongong and Adelaide. Services ceased calling at Bromelton station in 1994.

The Beaudesert railway line ran from the outer Brisbane suburb of Bethania to Beaudesert and was in regular use from 1886 to 1996. Until 1991 it had served the meat-packing plant on the outskirts of the town.

A petition from railway enthusiasts, and considerable grants of government money, resulted in its re-opening in 1999. Beaudesert Rail operated steam-driven tourist trains on the line for a short while thereafter. The company ceased operating in August 2004 after a series of fires, allegedly lit by sparks from the train, were set along the train line. The company was in debt and has ceased to exist, with the rolling stock liquidated and physical infrastructure demolished. Beaudesert Rail had also been trading while insolvent, [citation needed] resulting in the closure of several local business who had extended them credit.

Community Groups

The Arts Centre hosts a number of community groups and there is a wide range of community activity including a very active Bush Bards group.[33]

Sport and recreation

A number of well-known sporting teams represent the local area, including the Beaudesert Kingfishers who play home games at R.S. Willis Park, Beaudesert Rangers soccer club who play home games at Selwyn Park, Beaudesert and District junior and senior cricket club who play home games at Everdell Park, Beaudesert Warriors rugby union Club who play home games at Everdell Park.

There is a rifle range and pistol club in Sprengler Road, Tabragalba (27°59′51″S 153°04′06″E / 27.9975°S 153.0683°E / -27.9975; 153.0683 (Beaudesert Rifle Club)).[34]

Notable residents

  • Neville Bonner, the first indigenous Australian to become a member of parliament, attended Beaudesert Primary School.[35]
  • Caleb Daniel, current AFL player for the Western Bulldogs.
  • Jason Day, a leading PGA golfer who won the 2015 PGA championship, was born in Beaudesert. His father, Abby (Alvyn) Day was also born in Beaudesert but he died due to cancer when Jason was 12 years old. Jason's mother sold the family home to send Jason to Kooralbyn secondary school near Rathdowney as a boarder and then, when this school closed to Hills Academy where the school had a golf course. (Adam Scott, also an Australian golfer, also attended Kooralbyn)[citation needed]. Colin Swatton was a teacher at Koralbyn and became Jason's caddie in a partnership which took them to the PGA win. Jason's first set of golf clubs was given to him when he was 4 years old by his father who found them at the local tip.[36]
  • Riley Day, Australian sprinter, most notably competing in the 2018 Commonwealth Games, was born in Beaudesert and attended Beaudesert State High School. She shares no relation to golfer Jason Day, also born in Beaudesert.
  • Queensland and Brisbane Broncos player Andrew Gee was born in Beaudesert.
  • Mel Greig, an Australian radio and television personality, was born in Beaudesert.
  • Marilyn Leask, professor of education, was born in Beaudesert and attended the primary and high schools. She is descended from pioneering families who migrated from the UK in the middle of the 19th century.[citation needed]
  • Rick Price, musician, was born in Beaudesert.
  • Jim McClure, Captain of the 2020 Under 15s SEQ State Challenge Cricket Team.
  • Beau Allen, Professional golfer who has won the PGA Tour 12 times.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Beaudesert (SSC)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 October 2018. Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ^ a b Queensland Environmental Protection Agency (2000). Heritage Trails of the Great South East. State of Queensland. p. 28. ISBN 0-7345-1008-X.
  3. ^ "Beaudesert – town in Scenic Rim Region (entry 1995)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  4. ^ "Beaudesert – locality in Scenic Rim Region (entry 45109)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  5. ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates CC-BY-4.0 licensed text from: "Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map". State Library of Queensland. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d Queensland Family History Society (2010), Queensland schools past and present (Version 1.01 ed.), Queensland Family History Society, ISBN 978-1-921171-26-0
  7. ^ "OFFICIAL NOTIFICATIONS". The Brisbane Courier. Queensland, Australia. 25 December 1886. p. 6. Retrieved 17 May 2020 – via Trove.
  8. ^ "Beaudesert Township extension". State Library of Queensland (Real estate map). 1885. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  9. ^ "Advertising". Logan Witness. Queensland, Australia. 15 August 1885. p. 2. Retrieved 20 May 2020 – via Trove.
  10. ^ Kerr, John (1990). Triumph of narrow gauge : a history of Queensland Railways. Boolarong Publications. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-86439-102-5.
  11. ^ "Beaudesert – railway station in the Scenic Rim Region (entry 1997)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  12. ^ Schaefer, Tim (6 April 2016). "End of the line for Beaudesert railway tracks". Beaudesert Times. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  13. ^ "Local and general". Logan Witness. Vol. X, no. 539. Queensland, Australia. 21 July 1888. p. 2. Retrieved 17 September 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. ^ "Year Book" (PDF). Anglican Archdiocese of Brisbane. 2019. p. 132. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  15. ^ "Consecration of St Thomas Church | Monument Australia". Monument Australia. Archived from the original on 17 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h "Local Heritage Register" (PDF). Scenic Rim Regional Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  17. ^ "The Brisbane Courier". The Brisbane Courier. Queensland, Australia. 4 February 1889. p. 4. Retrieved 17 May 2020 – via Trove.
  18. ^ a b c "PUTTING THE CLOCK BACK". The Beaudesert Times. Queensland, Australia. 13 June 1941. p. 1. Retrieved 17 May 2020 – via Trove.
  19. ^ "Lady Gossip". Queensland Figaro And Punch. Queensland, Australia. 22 June 1889. p. 15 (SUPPLEMENT TO QUEENSLAND FIGARO.). Retrieved 17 May 2020 – via Trove.
  20. ^ "St Mary's Primary School". St Mary's Catholic Parish Beaudesert. Archived from the original on 29 April 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  21. ^ "Plan of nine grazing and agricultural farms adjoining Beaudesert township". State Library of Queensland. 1901. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  22. ^ "Advertising". The Brisbane Courier. Queensland, Australia. 13 December 1901. p. 8. Retrieved 22 May 2020 – via Trove.
  23. ^ "About us". Beaudesert Times. Beaudesert Times. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  24. ^ "Beaudesert - Queensland Places". queenslandplaces.com.au. Archived from the original on 18 November 2010.
  25. ^ "Pictures of Australia from 1927". bonzle.com. Archived from the original on 14 May 2018.
  26. ^ "The history of Biddaddaba Creek, Boyland, Canungra Line, Queensland". nla.gov.au. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015.
  27. ^ "Beaudesert War Memorial (Digger)". Queensland War Memorial Register. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  28. ^ "Beaudesert War Memorial (entry 600028)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  29. ^ "New Schools". Brisbane Catholic Education. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  30. ^ "Locations and Membership". Scenic Rim Regional Council. Archived from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  31. ^ "Branch Locations". Queensland Country Women's Association. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  32. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Beaudesert (State Suburb)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 6 February 2018. Edit this at Wikidata
  33. ^ "Community groups". beaudesertartsandinfocentre.org.au. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015.
  34. ^ "Beaudesert Rifle Club". Beaudesert Rifle. Archived from the original on 9 March 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  35. ^ "Neville Bonner - Fact sheet 231 – National Archives of Australia". naa.gov.au. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  36. ^ Source: local sources and Courier Mail 18/8/15.

Further reading

External links

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