Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 39°13′1″N 76°31′42″W / 39.21694°N 76.52833°W / 39.21694; -76.52833
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{{Portal|Maryland}}
{{Portal|Maryland}}
* [[List of bridge failures]]
* [[List of bridge failures]]
* [[Tasman Bridge disaster]] – a similar incident in 1975 caused by a bulk carrier colliding with a bridge support
* [[Tasman Bridge disaster]] – a similar incident in Australia in 1975 caused by a bulk carrier colliding with a bridge support
* [[Almö Bridge#Collapse|Almö Bridge collapse]] – a similar incident in 1980 caused by a bulk carrier colliding with a bridge support
* [[Almö Bridge#Collapse|Almö Bridge collapse]] – a similar incident in Sweden in 1980 caused by a bulk carrier colliding with a bridge support
* [[Sunshine Skyway Bridge collapse]] – a similar incident in 1980 caused by a bulk carrier colliding with a bridge support
* [[Sunshine Skyway Bridge collapse]] – a similar incident in Florida in 1980 caused by a bulk carrier colliding with a bridge support
*[[Queen Isabella Causeway#2001_causeway_collapse|Queen Isabella Causeway collapse]] – a similar incident in 2001 caused by freight barges colliding with a bridge support
*[[Queen Isabella Causeway#2001_causeway_collapse|Queen Isabella Causeway collapse]] – a similar incident in Texas in 2001 caused by freight barges colliding with a bridge support
* [[I-40 bridge disaster]] – a similar incident in 2002 caused by freight barges colliding with a bridge support
* [[I-40 bridge disaster]] – a similar incident in Oklahoma in 2002 caused by freight barges colliding with a bridge support
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Revision as of 14:18, 27 March 2024

Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse
Photograph of the ship under collapsed bridge rubble
Dali pinned by the remnants of a truss on its bow after the collision on March 26, 2024
DateMarch 26, 2024; 46 days ago (2024-03-26)
Time01:28 EDT (05:28 UTC)
LocationBaltimore metropolitan area, Maryland, United States
Coordinates39°13′1″N 76°31′42″W / 39.21694°N 76.52833°W / 39.21694; -76.52833
TypeBridge collapse
CauseLoss of propulsion on ship, leading to collision with pillar and subsequent collapse of the bridge truss.[1]
Deaths6 (presumed)[2]
Non-fatal injuriesAt least one[3]
Property damage
  • Collapse of bridge spans
  • Collision-related damage to Dali
  • At least seven vehicles submerged[4]

On March 26, 2024, at 01:28 EDT (05:28 UTC), the main spans of the Francis Scott Key Bridge, across the Patapsco River between Baltimore and Dundalk, Maryland, United States collapsed after the Singapore-flagged container ship Dali struck one of its support pillars.[5][6][7][8]

Two people were rescued from the river; one declined medical treatment and the other was transported to a hospital in critical condition. Six members of a construction crew working on the roadway are reported missing[2] and presumed to be dead.[9]

Background

Main articles: Francis Scott Key Bridge (Baltimore) and MV Dali
The bridge in 2015
MV Dali pinned by the wreckage

The Francis Scott Key Bridge, originally the Outer Harbor Crossing, was a steel arch-shaped continuous truss bridge. It opened in 1977, and ran northeast from Hawkins Point in Baltimore to Sollers Point in Dundalk, crossing the Patapsco River, a vital shipping route in the Port of Baltimore[10] and one of the busiest in the United States.[11] The port handled more than 444,000 passengers and 52.3 million tons of foreign cargo valued at $80 billion in 2023, including 750,000 automobiles.[12] It also employed 15,000 people and indirectly supported 140,000 others.[13]

The 1.6-mile (2.6 km) long bridge carried four lanes of Interstate 695, a beltway around Baltimore,[10] two in each direction,[3] used by approximately 34,000 vehicles each day.[11] A cargo ship collision in 1980 left the Key Bridge relatively undamaged.[14]

The MV Dali is a Singapore-flagged container ship built in 2015 with a length of 980 feet (300 m), a 157-foot (48 m) beam, and a 40-foot (12.2 m) draft.[15] Registered in Singapore and owned by a Greek shipping company,[16] Dali had previously traveled from Panama to the U.S., arriving in New York on March 19, 2024.[17] It then sailed to the Virginia International Gateway in Portsmouth, Virginia, before departing for Baltimore on March 22, arriving there on March 23.[17][18] Danish shipping company Maersk chartered the Dali since its delivery in early 2015.[19] The 22 members of the ship's crew on board were Indian nationals,[20] and two local maritime pilots were piloting the ship.[21]

The main shipping channel under the bridge was estimated to be 50 feet (15 m) deep, while National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) charts show the depth at the bridge supports to be approximately 30 feet (9.1 m) deep.[22] NOAA reported a water temperature of 47 °F (8 °C) at the time of the collapse.[10]

Collapse

Dali left the Port of Baltimore at 00:44 EDT (04:44 UTC) on March 26, 2024,[23] bound for Colombo, Sri Lanka[24] carrying 3,000 containers.[25] At 01:26[26] the ship suffered a “complete blackout” and began to drift out of the shipping channel (a backup generator did not power the propulsion system).[13] The ship dropped her anchors as part of its emergency procedures.[27] Shortly before 01:30 (05:30 UTC), a mayday call was made from the ship,[25] notifying the Maryland Department of Transportation that control of the vessel had been lost and that a collision with the bridge was possible, citing loss of propulsion.[1] Further traffic was immediately stopped from crossing the bridge at the request of one of the pilots.[5][28][29][30] The ship's lights went out and came on again some moments later; the lights then went off again and powered back on immediately before impact as renewed smoke spewed from her funnel.[21][31]

At 01:28 (5:28 UTC),[32] the ship struck a support column of the bridge, beneath its metal truss and at the south-west end of its largest span, at 8 knots (15 km/h).[12] The bridge strike and partial collapse were recorded on video.[33] AIS data shows the ship traveling at a speed of 8.7 knots (16.1 km/h) at 01:25 before departing the channel and slowing to 6.8 knots (12.6 km/h) by the time of the collision two minutes later.[31][34]

Within seconds of the collision, the bridge broke apart in several places,[35] leaving sections protruding from the water and the roadway's approaches cut off.[10] The main span fell onto the ship's bow and a section of it came to rest there.[3][36]

Multiple vehicles were on the bridge at the time it collapsed, though no one was believed to be inside them.[10] Paul Wiedefeld, the Maryland Secretary of Transportation, said that workers were repairing potholes on the bridge at the time of the collapse.[10] A resident living near the bridge recalled being awakened by deep rumbling that shook his residence for several seconds following the collapse, which he said "felt like an earthquake".[12]

Emergency teams began receiving 911 calls at 01:30 (5:30 UTC).[3] The Baltimore Police Department was alerted to the collapse at 01:35. Large-scale rescue and recovery efforts were initiated.[33] The United States Coast Guard deployed boats and a helicopter as part of rescue efforts.[3] Public safety divers were also dispatched to search for people who fell into the river.[37] A total of 50 divers divided into eight teams were deployed in rescue efforts.[27]

Damage

  Point of impact
  Collapsed segments
The collapsed part of the bridge includes the three spans under the metal truss, and three more to the north-east (right of image).[27]

The collision of Dali with the southern main truss-support pillar brought down the entire truss span and destroyed the pillar.[38] As a continuous truss bridge that relied on its overall structure to maintain integrity, when the south and central spans (on each side of the impacted pillar) collapsed, the northern component (the third span) soon followed.[33] Each failure sequence took seconds, and within 30 seconds the entirety of the central span had fallen into the river.[39] The bridge was determined to be up to code when it collapsed.[5] However, engineers noted that its piers, which are essential to the structure’s integrity, did not appear to have protective barriers, such as fenders, to block, deflect or withstand the collision.[40][41]

A Federal Bureau of Investigation photo of the MV Dali after the collision

After the collision, several shipping containers fell into the water, there was hull damage above the water line, and the ship was impaled on remnants of the bridge superstructure.[42] However, the ship remains watertight,[42] and the shipping company claimed there was no water pollution directly from the ship following the incident.[43][44] Thirteen damaged shipping containers with potentially hazardous materials are being examined by a Coast Guard team.[3]

Casualties

At a press conference at 06:30 EDT (10:30 UTC), Baltimore Fire Chief James Wallace said that at least two people were rescued from the river, one of whom was in "very serious" condition, while another person was said to have walked off with no injuries.[45] Six people – all part of the construction crew working on the bridge – were reported missing and are presumed dead following the suspension of a U.S. Coast Guard search effort.[9][3][46][47] They were identified as nationals of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Mexico.[48][25]

Chief Wallace also said that sonar had detected submerged vehicles in the river, adding that emergency services were also using drones and infrared technology in search efforts.[32] At around 10:55 (14:55 UTC), Wallace confirmed that five vehicles on the riverbed had been marked using infrared and side-scan sonar technology.[3][32]

Synergy Marine Group, which operates Dali, initially said that the ship's crew, including her two pilots, had been accounted for and did not sustain any injuries.[43] It later clarified that one crew member was hospitalized for a minor injury.[48]

Investigation

External videos
video icon Press conference with NTSB Chair Jennifer Homendy, March 26, 2024, C-SPAN
Aerial view of the damage
An evidence response team from the FBI examines a segment of the bridge several hours after the collapse

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) announced that it had begun an investigation and that it had sent a team to the site.[49][50] The Federal Bureau of Investigation was also deployed to the scene but said that terrorism was not suspected in the incident.[10]

Singapore's Transport Safety Investigation Bureau and Maritime and Port Authority (MPA) said its personnel were headed to Baltimore to assist in investigations. The latter body said it reached out to the NTSB, Coast Guard and Office of Marine Safety to offer support.[51] Dali passed two port inspections in 2023, according to the MPA. The first inspection was completed in June at San Antonio, Chile, where a monitor gauge for fuel pressure was repaired. A second inspection in September by the Coast Guard in New York did not identify any issues.[52]

Aftermath

U.S. Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg said that he was in contact with Maryland Governor Wes Moore and Baltimore Mayor Brandon Scott to offer the department's support and advised drivers to follow detour routes.[53] Moore declared a state of emergency shortly thereafter,[3] and Wiedefeld ordered the suspension of all shipping to and from the Port of Baltimore[54] until further notice (trucking facilities remained operational).[10] Stellantis and General Motors released statements saying that they are planning to divert vehicle imports to other ports, and Toyota reported that some of their exports could be affected.[55]

As a result of the collapse of the Key Bridge, as of March 26, 2024, I-695 is closed between the MD 10 and MD 157 interchanges. Traffic is being detoured along I-95 and I-895, which cross Baltimore Harbor respectively at the Fort McHenry and Baltimore Harbor tunnels; vehicles carrying hazardous loads are not permitted in either tunnel.[21] Vehicles with hazardous loads and those exceeding the tunnels' vertical clearances are being detoured along the western section of I-695.[56] Advisories were issued to motorists as far away as Virginia warning of traffic delays caused by the bridge collapse.[12] The disaster also blocked maritime access to the Port of Baltimore and trapped several vessels inside the harbor.[21]

External videos
video icon Remarks by U.S. President Joe Biden on the bridge collapse, March 26, 2024, C-SPAN

At 04:09 EDT (08:09 UTC), the Federal Aviation Administration announced a temporary flight restriction around the area of the bridge collapse, effective from 04:15 (08:15 UTC), also applying to drones.[57] President Joe Biden was also briefed on the disaster.[10] In an address later that day, Biden said that he would ask Congress to fund the bridge's reconstruction.[58]

Maersk, which chartered the vessel, saw its shares decline by about 2% when trading opened at Nasdaq Copenhagen on March 26.[10] At 11:28, Maersk executives said the company was pausing all service to Baltimore for the foreseeable future.[32][failed verification]

On March 27, Maryland Senate President Bill Ferguson announced that he would introduce an emergency bill to provide income replacement for workers impacted by the disaster.[59]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Neath, Amelia; Rissman, Kelly (March 26, 2024). "What we know about Baltimore Key Bridge collapse as seven people still missing". The Independent. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Baltimore Key Bridge: Rescuers searching river after Baltimore bridge collapse". BBC News. March 26, 2024. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024. (14:15 UTC) Six people are unaccounted for, officials tell reporters. This is down from a previous report of seven.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Alonso, Melissa; Wolfe, Elizabeth; Mascarenhas, Lauren (March 26, 2024). "Rescuers are searching for multiple people in the water after Baltimore bridge collapse, report says". CNN. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
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  5. ^ a b c Alonso, Melissa; Wolfe, Elizabeth (March 26, 2024). "Rescuers are searching for at least 7 people in the water after Baltimore bridge collapse, official says". CNN. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
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  53. ^ Buttigieg, Pete [@SecretaryPete] (March 26, 2024). "I've spoken with Gov. Moore and Mayor Scott to offer USDOT's support following the vessel strike and collapse of the Francis Scott Key bridge. Rescue efforts remain underway and drivers in the Baltimore area should follow local responder guidance on detours and response" (Tweet). Retrieved March 26, 2024 – via Twitter.
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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse.
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