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{{refimprove|date=February 2016}}
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[[Image:Yamantaka Vajrabhairav.jpg|thumb|Yamantaka Vajrabhairav, [[British Museum]].]]
[[Image:Yamantaka Vajrabhairav.jpg|thumb|Yamantaka Vajrabhairav, [[British Museum]].]]
[[File:Daiitoku myoo painting.jpg|thumb|The Japanese equivalent Daiitoku (大威德明王)]]
[[File:Daiitoku myoo painting.jpg|thumb|The Japanese equivalent Daiitoku]]
[[File:Mandala of Yamantaka-Vajrabhairava.jpg|thumb|Yamantaka-Vajrabhairava [[mandala]] ]]
[[File:Mandala of Yamantaka-Vajrabhairava.jpg|thumb|Yamantaka-Vajrabhairava [[mandala]] ]]
[[File:Thangka Depicting Vajrabhairava, ca. 1740, Sotheby's.jpg|thumb|150|Vajrabhairava [[thangka]], ca. 1740]]
[[File:Thangka Depicting Vajrabhairava, ca. 1740, Sotheby's.jpg|thumb|150|Vajrabhairava [[thangka]], ca. 1740]]
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== Outline ==
== Outline ==


Yamāntaka is a [[wrathful deities|wrathful]] expression of [[Mañjuśrī]], the [[Samyaksambuddha]] of [[wisdom]] who, in other contexts, also functions as a [[dharmapala]] or a [[Heruka]]. Yamāntaka manifests in several different forms, one of which (via yogatantra) has six legs, six faces and six arms holding various weapons while sitting or standing on a [[water buffalo]].
Yamāntaka is a wrathful expression of [[Mañjuśrī]], the [[Samyaksambuddha]] of wisdom who, in other contexts, also functions as a [[dharmapala]] or a [[Heruka]]. Yamāntaka manifests in several different forms, one of which (via yogatantra) has six legs, six faces and six arms holding various weapons while sitting or standing on a [[water buffalo]].


Within Buddhism, "terminating death" is a quality of all [[Buddhahood|buddhas]] as they have stopped the cycle of rebirth, [[samsara]]. Yamantaka, then, represents the goal of the Mahayana practitioner's journey to [[Bodhi|enlightenment]], or the journey itself: in awakening, one adopts the practice of Yamāntaka – the practice of terminating death.
Within Buddhism, "terminating death" is a quality of all [[Buddhahood|buddhas]] as they have stopped the cycle of rebirth, [[samsara]]. Yamantaka, then, represents the goal of the Mahayana practitioner's journey to [[Bodhi|enlightenment]], or the journey itself: in awakening, one adopts the practice of Yamāntaka – the practice of terminating death.


==Yamantaka in Japanese Buddhism==
==Yamantaka in Japanese Buddhism==
In Japanese esoteric teachings, Daitoku is the wrathful emanation of [[Amitābha]] and is pictured with six faces, legs and arms holding various weapons while sitting on a white cow, symbolizing pure enlightenment.
In Japanese esoteric teachings, Dai Itoku-Myoo is the wrathful emanation of Amida and is pictured with six faces, legs and arms holding various weapons while sitting on a white ox.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Coulter|first1=Charles Russell|last2=Turner|first2=Patricia|title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135963903|page=140|url=https://books.google.fi/books?id=sEIngqiKOugC&lpg=PA140&ots=3vt_f4T5XD&dq=Dai%20itoku-My%C5%8D%C5%8D&hl=fi&pg=PA140#v=onepage&q=Dai%20itoku-My%C5%8D%C5%8D&f=false}}</ref>


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
''Yamāntaka'' is a [[Sanskrit]] name that can be broken down into two primary elements: ''[[Yama (Buddhism and Chinese mythology)|Yama]]'', the name of the god of death; and ''antaka'' (making an end).<ref>Monier-Williams (1899). [http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2014/web/index.php A Sanskrit-English dictionary]: Etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to Cognate indo-european languages. Oxford: The Clarendon Press</ref> Thus, Yamāntaka means “Destroyer of Death” or "Conqueror of Death".<ref>{{cite book|ref=harv|editor1-last=Buswell|editor1-first=Robert Jr|editor2-last=Lopez|editor2-first=Donald S. Jr.|editor1-link=Robert Buswell Jr.|editor2-link=Donald S. Lopez, Jr.|title=Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism (Yamantaka).|date=2013|publisher=Princeton University Press|page=1020|location=Princeton, NJ|isbn=9780691157863}}</ref><ref name="Getty">{{cite book|last1=Getty|first1=Alice|title=The gods of northern Buddhism], their history, iconography, and progressive evolution through the northern Buddhist countries|date=1914|publisher=The Clarendon press|location=Oxford|pages=145-146|url=https://archive.org/details/godsofnorthernbu00gettrich}}</ref>
''Yamāntaka'' is a [[Sanskrit]] name that can be broken down into two primary elements: ''[[Yama (Buddhism and Chinese mythology)|Yama]]'', the name of the god of death; and ''antaka'', or "terminator". Thus, Yamāntaka's name literally means "the terminator of death".

''Vajrabhairava'' is also a Sanskrit name that can be broken down into two elements: [[vajra]] and [[bhairava]] "terrible, frightful".


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
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* [http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/myo-o.shtml#daiitoku2 Daïitoku]
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070202132156/http://vajrabhairava.com/ Vajrabhairava (Yamantaka) practice support]
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* [http://www.exoticindiaart.com/article/wrathful Wrathful Guardians of Buddhism - Aesthetics and Mythology]
* [http://www.yamantaka.org Yamantaka org]
* [http://www.yamantaka.org Yamantaka org]

⚫
* [http://www.vajrabhairava.com Vajrabhairava (Yamantaka) practice support]
⚫
* [http://www.exoticindiaart.com/article/wrathful Wrathful Guardians of Buddhism - Aesthetics and Mythology]
⚫
* [http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/myo-o.shtml#daiitoku2 Daïitoku]
{{Commons category|Yamantaka}}
{{Commons category|Yamantaka}}

{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Buddhism topics}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Yidams]]
[[Category:Yidams]]

Revision as of 01:48, 12 February 2016

Yamantaka Vajrabhairav, British Museum.
The Japanese equivalent Daiitoku
Yamantaka-Vajrabhairava mandala
Vajrabhairava thangka, ca. 1740

Yamāntaka (Sanskrit: यमान्तक Yamāntaka or Vajrabhairava Tibetan: གཤིན་རྗེ་གཤེད་, རྡོ་རྗེ་འཇིགས་བྱེད།, Wylie: gshin rje gshed; rdo rje 'jigs byed; Japanese: 大威徳明王 Daitokumyōō; Chinese: 大威德金剛; pinyin: Dà Wēidé Jīngāng; Mongolian: Эрлэгийн Жаргагчи Erlig-jin Jarghagchi) is an iṣṭadevatā of the Anuttarayoga Tantra class popular within the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.

Outline

Yamāntaka is a wrathful expression of Mañjuśrī, the Samyaksambuddha of wisdom who, in other contexts, also functions as a dharmapala or a Heruka. Yamāntaka manifests in several different forms, one of which (via yogatantra) has six legs, six faces and six arms holding various weapons while sitting or standing on a water buffalo.

Within Buddhism, "terminating death" is a quality of all buddhas as they have stopped the cycle of rebirth, samsara. Yamantaka, then, represents the goal of the Mahayana practitioner's journey to enlightenment, or the journey itself: in awakening, one adopts the practice of Yamāntaka – the practice of terminating death.

Yamantaka in Japanese Buddhism

In Japanese esoteric teachings, Dai Itoku-Myoo is the wrathful emanation of Amida and is pictured with six faces, legs and arms holding various weapons while sitting on a white ox.[1]

Etymology

Yamāntaka is a Sanskrit name that can be broken down into two primary elements: Yama, the name of the god of death; and antaka (making an end).[2] Thus, Yamāntaka means “Destroyer of Death” or "Conqueror of Death".[3][4]

References

  1. ^ Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (2013). Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities. Routledge. p. 140. ISBN 9781135963903.
  2. ^ Monier-Williams (1899). A Sanskrit-English dictionary: Etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to Cognate indo-european languages. Oxford: The Clarendon Press
  3. ^ Buswell, Robert Jr; Lopez, Donald S. Jr., eds. (2013). Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism (Yamantaka). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 1020. ISBN 9780691157863. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  4. ^ Getty, Alice (1914). The gods of northern Buddhism], their history, iconography, and progressive evolution through the northern Buddhist countries. Oxford: The Clarendon press. pp. 145–146.

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yamantaka.
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