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Chirbury

Coordinates: 52°34′42″N 3°05′31″W / 52.5784°N 3.0919°W / 52.5784; -3.0919
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Chirbury
St Michael's church, Chirbury
Chirbury is located in Shropshire
Chirbury
Chirbury
Location within Shropshire
Population348 (2001 census)
OS grid referenceSO26159834
• London174 mi (280 km)
Civil parish
  • Chirbury with Brompton
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townMONTGOMERY
Postcode districtSY15
Dialling code01938
PoliceWest Mercia
FireShropshire
AmbulanceWest Midlands
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Shropshire
52°34′42″N 3°05′31″W / 52.5784°N 3.0919°W / 52.5784; -3.0919

Chirbury (/ˈtʃɜːrbʌri/) is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Chirbury with Brompton, in the Shropshire district, in west Shropshire, England. It is situated in the Vale of Montgomery,[1] close to the Wales–England border (1.1 miles (1.8 km) at its nearest), which is to its north, west and south. The A490 and B4386 routes cross at Chirbury.

It is the largest settlement in the Chirbury with Brompton civil parish, which according to the 2001 census had a population of 914,[2] with the resident population of Chirbury at 348. The population of the civil parish had increased to 971 at the 2011 census.[3]

History

The placename was recorded in 915 as Ċyriċbyrig in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and as Ċireberie in the Domesday Book of 1086, and means "the fort with a church".[4] Its Welsh name, Llanffynhonwen, means "the church of the white well" or "...of the holy well". Some French linguists have theorised that the name of Chirbury shares a common etymology with the city of Cherbourg (Chiersburg, Chierisburch around 1070, Chirburg 1377, Chirburgh 14th century).

The 8th-century Offa's Dyke runs to the west of the village and marked the frontier of the Mercian kingdom. Even today, a lengthy section of the dyke to the southwest of the village forms the English border with Wales. An Anglo-Saxon fort, built in 915 by Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, was located just outside the village on what is now the Montgomery Road. The field that the earthworks are in has long been called Castle Field or King's Orchard.[5]

Chirbury was once a hundred, formed out of an earlier, and larger, hundred (of which Chirbury was the chief settlement)[6] called Witentreu[4] or Wittery[7] (a placename that continues to this day in Whittery Wood, near to the village) which included places now in Wales. Later Chirbury was a rural district (from 1894 to 1934) — the Chirbury Rural District.[8] The hundred included a detached township near Clun, Guilden Down.[9] On 1 April 1987 the parishes of Chirbury and Brompton and Rhiston merged to form the present-day civil parish of "Chirbury with Brompton".[10] Historically Cherbury was the more usual spelling of Chirbury.

Mitchell's Fold and Hoarstones stone circles lie within the parish.

Church and Priory

Chirbury church in 1795

St Michael's Church, as pictured in the infobox above, is the only church in Chirbury, and is dedicated to Saint Michael the Archangel. It is Church of England (Diocese of Hereford) and the Chirbury ecclesiastical parish covers a smaller area than the civil parish, including Wotherton, but not Brompton, Marton or Middleton.[11]

Originally an Anglo-Saxon church, founded in 915 (with the building of the fort) or possibly earlier, the current building largely dates to the late 12th century with the tower constructed around 1300, and a short chancel added in 1733. The church was restored in 1871–72 by Edward Haycock junior. The tower and body of the church are constructed in limestone rubble with pink sandstone ashlar dressings and slate roofs; the chancel is in red brick with a tiled roof.[12][13] The church was reformed into the priory church of the Augustinian Chirbury Priory upon the moving of the order from nearby Snead by 1227.[13] With the dissolution of the priory in 1535[6][14] St Michael's became a parish church once again.[15] The church building is a Grade I Listed building.[13] Remnants of the former priory can be seen in the churchyard[16] and some stonework was also incorporated into the adjacent Chirbury Hall.

Conservation area

The centre of Chirbury is a conservation area, which includes Chirbury Hall, St Michael's Church, The Herbert Arms, Chirbury Primary School and the Parish Hall.[17] Most of the village's buildings are either of a red brick or limestone construction, or a combination.

Amenities

The Herbert Arms in the village.

In the village is a village hall (the Parish Hall), a large public house called The Herbert Arms,[18] and a post office, open Monday to Friday,[19] which is also the village shop.

The Herbert Arms is named for the Barons Herbert of Chirbury and historically was a coaching inn, sometimes called the Herbert Arms Hotel (though it no longer is a hotel). Built in the 18th century in red brick (painted white) it was originally called The Cross,[20] and is Grade II Listed.[21]

The village has a primary school (see Education) and a nursery school ('Busy Bees'). There is a bowls club with its own bowling green in the village.[22]

Geography

The village is situated 2+1⁄2 miles (4.0 km) east of Montgomery and 8+1⁄2 miles (13.7 km) northwest of Bishop's Castle, with Shrewsbury, the county town, 18 miles (29 km) away to the northeast.

The civil parish of Chirbury with Brompton covers 5,311 hectares (13,120 acres)[23] and includes a number of other (smaller) settlements, including:

The centre of the village with its post office. The road here is the A490 and B4386 combined.

It is not possible to reach Brompton or Pentreheyling by a public road without passing through Wales; they are however not true exclaves and can be reached (without going through Wales) by public footpaths.

The eastern part of the parish falls within the Shropshire Hills AONB.

Through the parish flows the River Camlad, which flows first to the east and then to the north of the village, on its way from Church Stoke (in the south) to its confluence with the River Severn (in the northwest).[24]

The centre of the village is at an elevation of 109 metres (358 ft). The highest point in the parish is Stapeley Hill, which rises to 403 metres (1,322 ft), whilst the lowest point is where the Camlad exits the parish, at 80 metres (260 ft).[24]

Agriculture in the vicinity is mainly arable nearer the village, with pasture further away in the more upland terrain. There are a number of tall grain silos in the area.

Transport

Roads and lanes from six directions converge on the village, with the A490 (Churchstoke – Welshpool road) and the B4386 (Shrewsbury – Montgomery road) combining as they pass through the centre of the village. One of the lanes leads to Priestweston and Middleton, the other lane to Rhiston.

The nearest train station to Chirbury is Welshpool, which is 7 miles (11 km) away. From Welshpool, trains run both west to Aberystwyth and the Cambrian Coast, and east to Shrewsbury and the West Midlands. The Bishops Castle Railway originally was planned to run through the parish, as a Craven Arms to Montgomery railway, but was only constructed as far as Lydham.

Buses run (Monday to Saturday) between Shrewsbury and Montgomery (service 558), and between Welshpool and Newtown via Montgomery (service 81), with both services calling at Chirbury.[25]

Welshpool Airport is 4+1⁄2 miles (7.2 km) northwest of Chirbury on the A490.

National Cycle Route 44 passes through the parish, though not Chirbury itself.[26]

Nearby localities

Education

Chirbury C. of E. Primary School was founded in 1675 by Reverend Edward Lewis and is a primary school with around 70 pupils. On the dissolution of Chirbury Priory, the school building was signed over by King Henry VIII and this original building is currently managed by the Edward Lewis Trust. The school is now administrated jointly with another rural primary school at Stiperstones.[27] In June 2006, the school was awarded the "Green" Travel Plan Award and currently holds status as an eco-school at Bronze level working towards their Silver.[28]

After leaving Chirbury Primary School, pupils transfer into a Shropshire secondary school, with most continuing to Bishop's Castle Community College.

Notable people

Population

Historic black-and-white cottages at the junction with the road to Montgomery.

In 1961 the parish of Chirbury had a population of 818.[31] At the time of the 2001 census, Chirbury with Brompton had a population of 914, of which 467 were male and 447 female.[32] Chirbury with Brompton contained a total of 348 households at this census.[33]

The population density of Chirbury with Brompton at the 2001 census was recorded at 0.17 people per hectare. This is considerably below the Shropshire Council area average of 0.89 per hectare and dramatically below the English average of 3.77 per hectare.[23]

Parish council

The parish council of Chirbury with Brompton has 13 councillors. The civil parish is subdivided into four parish wards, based on the ecclesiastical parishes, and each returning a set number of councillors: Brompton and Rhiston (2), Chirbury (5), Marton (3), and Middleton (3). The latter three wards are the same as in the former civil parish of Chirbury, whilst Brompton and Rhiston ward is the former civil parish of that name. The two parishes merged in 1987.[10]

See also

References

  1. ^ The Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust Vale of Montgomery
  2. ^ United Kingdom Census 2001 Chirbury ward
  3. ^ "Civil Parish population 2011". Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  4. ^ a b Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust
  5. ^ Raven, M A Guide To Shropshire (2005) p 50
  6. ^ a b MELOCKI Chirbury
  7. ^ Open Domesday Archived 6 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine Wittery hundred
  8. ^ Vision of Britain Chirbury
  9. ^ GENUKI Shropshire hundreds
  10. ^ a b South Shropshire Parishes Order 1987 Archived 28 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Church of England A Church Near You
  12. ^ Newman & Pevsner 2006, pp. 199–200.
  13. ^ a b c British Listed Buildings Church of St Michael Chirbury
  14. ^ Dissolution of Chirbury Priory
  15. ^ History of St Michaels
  16. ^ Discovering Shropshire's History Chirbury Priory
  17. ^ Shropshire Council Chirbury conservation area map
  18. ^ The Herbert Arms at Chirbury Archived 17 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ Post Office branch finder
  20. ^ Smart, R Pub Strolls in Shropshire (2003) p 53
  21. ^ British Listed Buildings Herbert Arms Hotel
  22. ^ Chirbury Bowling Club
  23. ^ a b Household Statistics 2001 Census
  24. ^ a b Ordnance Survey mapping
  25. ^ "Bus services calling at Chirbury". Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  26. ^ Shropshire Council Archived 30 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine National Cycle Route 44
  27. ^ Chirbury C. of E. Primary School
  28. ^ Chirbury C. of E. Primary School Prospectus Archived 28 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^ Dickins, Gordon (1987). An Illustrated Literary Guide to Shropshire. Shropshire Libraries. p. 9. ISBN 0-903802-37-6.
  30. ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 7. Oxford University Press. 2004. p. 408. ISBN 0-19-861357-1.Article by Leonard W. Cowie.
  31. ^ "Population statistics Chirbury AP/CP through time". A Vision of Britain through Time. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  32. ^ Male & Female Census Statistics
  33. ^ Household Census Statistics

Sources

Media related to Chirbury at Wikimedia Commons

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