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Robert Weiß (pilot)

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Robert Weiß
Robert Weiß
Nickname(s)"Bazi"
Born(1920-04-21)21 April 1920
Baden bei Wien, Austria
Died29 December 1944(1944-12-29) (aged 24)
near Lengerich
Buried
Helenen cemetery in Baden bei Wien
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service / branchTemplate:Luftwaffe
Years of service1939–44
RankHauptmann (captain)
UnitJG 26, JG 54
Commands3./JG 54, III./JG 54
Battles / wars
See battles

World War II

AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves

Robert "Bazi" Weiß (21 April 1920 – 29 December 1944) was a Luftwaffe World War II fighter ace who served from 1939 until his death on 29 December 1944. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.[1] He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

Early life and career

Weiß was born on 21 April 1920 in Baden bei Wien, Austria. He was the oldest son of a higher city secretary (Stadtobersekretär), a public servant, and police commissioner (Polizei-Inspektor).[2]

In the beginning of his military career, he served with a flak regiment before transferring to learn to fly in early 1940. In early 1941, Leutnant (2nd Lieutenant) Weiß was a pilot with 6. Staffel, Jagdgeschwader 26 (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing) flying on the Channel Front.[Note 1] He claimed a Supermarine Spitfire shot down in September 1941. In September 1942, Weiß was transferred to 1. Staffel, Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing), based on the Eastern Front, flying operations on the Leningrad front. His victory score grew slowly, and by April 1943, he had claimed 30 victories. Falling ill in May 1943, he was hospitalised until July 1943.

After Oberleutnant Franz Eisenach was wounded in combat on 8 July, Weiß temporarily replaced him as Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 3. Staffel of JG 54 until his return on 15 September 1943.[3] On 2 August 1943, he was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold). On 28 September, Weiß was appointed Staffelkapitän of 10. Staffel of JG 54. He replaced Oberleutnant Alfred Teumer who had been wounded in aerial combat on 3 September.[4] By October, he had 68 claims and received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) for 98 claims in March 1944.

Western Front and death

Weiß was promoted to Hauptmann (captain) on 1 July 1944.[5] On 21 July 1944, he was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of III. Gruppe (3rd group) of JG 54. He succeeded Major Werner Schröer who was transferred.[6] At the time, the Gruppe was based at Vélizy – Villacoublay Air Base, France on the Western Front and fought in German retreat following the Invasion of Normandy. The Gruppe was withdrawn from combat operations on 5 September, relocating to Oldenburg where it became the first unit to receive the new Fw 190 D-9.[7] On 28 September, Weiß was credited with the destruction of a Supermarine Spitfire fighter, his 119th victory claim. His opponent was Flight Lieutenant Duncan McCuaig from the Royal Air Force (RAF) No. 541 Squadron, a photographic reconnaissance squadron.[8]

III. Gruppe became fully operational on 25 December with all three squadrons uniting at Varrelbusch airfield. On 27 December, III. Gruppe fought Hawker Tempest fighters from the No. 486 Squadron, a New Zealand fighter squadron of the RAF. In this encounter, III. Gruppe lost five aircraft for one victory claimed. On 29 December, Weiß led his Gruppe in combat against Allied fighters of the RAF Second Tactical Air Force. Vectored by ground control to the Münster-Rheine area, the engagement ended with the destruction of 17 German fighters, 13 pilots killed and two wounded. In return III. Gruppe claimed eight aircraft shot down.[7] Weiß led the Stab, III./JG 54 and 11./JG 54 into a large formation of Spitfires from 331 and 501 Squadrons. None of Weiß's Schwarm returned, with 17 aircraft lost and 13 pilots, including Weiß, killed, while claiming six fighters.

Weiß was one of the pilots killed, he was shot down in his Fw 190 D-9 (Werknummer 210 060—factory number) "Black 10" near Lengerich.[9] His victor was Flight Sergeant K. F. Haanes of the RAF No. 331 Squadron, a Norwegian squadron. He was posthumously awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) on 12 March 1945, the 782nd officer or soldier of the Wehrmacht so honored. Initially he was interred on the new cemetery in Lingen. In 1958, his remains were moved and reinterred to the war cemetery at Baden bei Wien and again moved to the Helenen cemetery where he now rests in a family grave.[2] He was replaced by Oberleutnant Hans Dortenmann as commander of III. Gruppe of JG 54.[10]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Weiß was credited with 121 aerial victories.[11] Obermaier also lists Weiß with 121 aerial victories in claimed 471 missions. 26 of his victories were claimed over the Western Front. Included in his total are 40 Ilyushin Il-2s, 12 Supermarine Spitfires and five P-38 Lightnings.[12] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 122 aerial victory claims. This figure of confirmed claims includes 96 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and 26 Western Front, including three four-engined bombers.[13]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 10191". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[14]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 26 –[15]
On the Western Front — 22 June 1941 – 31 December 1941
1 21 September 1941 16:25 Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of Berck[16]
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 26 –[15]
On the Western Front — 1 January – 31 December 1942
2 9 March 1942 16:40 Spitfire 4–6 km (2.5–3.7 mi) west of Boulogne[17] 3 31 May 1942 19:40 Spitfire Abbeville[18]
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[15]
Eastern Front — 1 May 1942 – 3 February 1943
4 12 January 1943 09:57 Il-2 PQ 10191[19]
east of Mga 		9 15 January 1943 11:47?[Note 2] Yak-1 PQ 00252[20]
15 km (9.3 mi) west-southwest of Shlisselburg
5 12 January 1943 14:19?[Note 3] Il-2 PQ 00262[19]
10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Shlisselburg 		10 23 January 1943 12:55 P-40 PQ 10324[21]
10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Mga
6 14 January 1943 09:15 Il-2 PQ 10182[20]
east of Mga 		11 24 January 1943 14:47 Il-2 PQ 00412[21]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Pushkin
7 14 January 1943 12:35 I-153 PQ 10322[20]
10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Mga 		12 29 January 1943 14:33 Il-2 PQ 10153[21]
southeast of Shlisselburg
8 15 January 1943 09:25 Su-2 (Seversky) PQ 10143[20]
south of Shlisselburg
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[15]
Eastern Front — February 1943
13 10 February 1943 11:15 Il-2 PQ 36 Ost 10151[22]
southeast of Shlisselburg 		16 17 February 1943 15:34 Il-2 PQ 36 Ost 10611[22]
20 km (12 mi) northeast of Luban
14 11 February 1943 08:25 La-5 PQ 36 Ost 00412[22]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Pushkin 		17 23 February 1943 14:25 Il-2 PQ 36 Ost 00283[23]
20 km (12 mi) west of Mga
15 14 February 1943 15:08 I-153 PQ 36 Ost 00414[22]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Pushkin
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[24]
Eastern Front — March – 31 December 1943
18 7 March 1943 11:44 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 1835[25]
30 km (19 mi) north-northwest of Shlisselburg 		43 14 August 1943 18:03 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 51872[26]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Bohodukhiv
19 7 March 1943 11:45 Il-2?[Note 4] PQ 35 Ost 18391[25]
45 km (28 mi) northeast of Cholm 		44 17 August 1943 08:50 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 41491[26]
20 14 March 1943 07:45 LaGG-3 PQ 36 Ost 00264[25]
10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Shlisselburg 		45 17 August 1943 08:57 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 41484[26]
21 16 March 1943 07:20 MiG-3 PQ 35 Ost 18274[27]
20 km (12 mi) southeast of Staraya Russa 		46 19 August 1943 15:25 P-39 PQ 35 Ost 51551, Popowka[26]
northeast of Bohodukhiv
22 17 March 1943 16:17 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 18143[27]
20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Staraya Russa 		47 19 August 1943 15:27 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51581[26]
northeast of Bohodukhiv
23 20 March 1943 12:15 P-40 PQ 36 Ost 00283[27]
20 km (12 mi) west of Mga 		48 19 August 1943 15:30 P-39 PQ 35 Ost 51554[26]
northeast of Bohodukhiv
24 22 March 1943 08:53 Il-2 PQ 36 Ost 00421[27]
Pushkin-Mga 		49 20 August 1943 15:35 MiG-3 PQ 35 Ost 51581[28]
northeast of Bohodukhiv
25 22 March 1943 08:54 Il-2 PQ 36 Ost 00238[27]
20 km (12 mi) west of Mga 		50 22 August 1943 10:26 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 41691[28]
26 22 March 1943 08:55 Il-2 PQ 36 Ost 00253[27]
20 km (12 mi) west of Mga 		51 22 August 1943 16:02 P-39 PQ 35 Ost 61773[28]
15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Kharkov
27 24 March 1943 06:54 La-5 PQ 36 Ost 10332[27]
20 km (12 mi) east-southeast of Mga 		52 23 August 1943 17:00 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 60123[28]
Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda
28 30 March 1943 18:28 MiG-3 PQ 36 Ost 00224[29]
15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Pushkin 		53 23 August 1943 17:05 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 60133[28]
Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda
29 3 April 1943 18:11 P-39 PQ 36 Ost 00271[29]
15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Pushkin 		54 23 August 1943 17:07 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 60132[28]
Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda
30 8 April 1943 16:35 LaGG-3 PQ 36 Ost 01774[29]
25 km (16 mi) north-northeast of Leningrad 		55 24 August 1943 17:04 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 60183[28]
Gulf of Finland, north of Kunda
31 13 April 1943 18:02 Pe-2 PQ 36 Ost 00154[29]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Leningrad 		56 25 August 1943 18:17 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51713[28]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Achtyrka
32 2 August 1943 16:50 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54593[30]
30 km (19 mi) northeast of Karacev 		57 28 August 1943 13:40 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 43792[28]
15 km (9.3 mi) south-southwest of Sevsk
33 2 August 1943 17:00 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54623[31]
20 km (12 mi) west of Bolkhov 		58 30 August 1943 18:12 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 35531[32]
20 km (12 mi) southeast of Yelnya
34 3 August 1943 17:13 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54831[31]
10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Karacev 		59 1 September 1943 05:58 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 36391[32]
15 km (9.3 mi) east of Yelnya
35 4 August 1943 11:54?[Note 5] Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 54532[31]
40 km (25 mi) west of Bolkhov 		60 2 September 1943 10:10 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 35512[32]
15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of Yelnya
36 7 August 1943 08:45 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 54593[31]
30 km (19 mi) northeast of Karacev 		61 4 September 1943 08:25 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 35574[32]
30 km (19 mi) south-southwest of Yelnya
37 10 August 1943 12:30 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51573[31]
northeast of Bohodukhiv 		62 6 September 1943 06:55 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 26851[32]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Yartsevo
38 12 August 1943 17:25 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 41691[31] 63 7 September 1943 16:40 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 34234[34]
25 km (16 mi) southwest of Kirov
39 13 August 1943 07:45 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 5181[26] 64 7 September 1943 16:41 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 45773[34]
15 km (9.3 mi) west-southwest of Kirov
40 14 August 1943 07:08 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 51832, Dolstrik[26]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Zolochev 		65 10 September 1943 16:43?[Note 6] Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 44171[34]
25 km (16 mi) northwest of Datkovo
41 14 August 1943 18:00 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 50214[26]
Gulf of Finland 		66 10 September 1943 16:47?[Note 7] Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 34263[34]
45 km (28 mi) southeast of Ostashkov
42 14 August 1943 18:01 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 50213[26]
Gulf of Finland 		67?[Note 8] 15 September 1943 16:10 LaGG-3 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Yelnya
– 1. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[33]
Eastern Front — September 1943
68 22 September 1943 11:30 Yak-9 PQ 35 Ost 58514[35] 69 24 September 1943 10:10 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 02532[35]
– 10. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[33]
Eastern Front — 28 September – 31 December 1943
70 17 October 1943 14:25 LaGG-3 PQ 26 Ost 90262, east of Oranienbaum[36]
25 km (16 mi) northwest of Krassnoje-Selo 		76 17 November 1943 09:13?[Note 9] Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 97483[36]
45 km (28 mi) northwest of Velikye-Luki
71 17 October 1943 14:30 LaGG-3 PQ 36 Ost 00152[36]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Leningrad 		77 17 November 1943 09:15 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 97483[36]
45 km (28 mi) northwest of Velikye-Luki
72 5 November 1943 14:50?[Note 10] Il-2?[Note 10] south of Nevel[36]
south of Nevel 		78 8 December 1943 11:29 Pe-2 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Aksis[36]
73 12 November 1943 08:55 Yak-9 west of Nevel[36] 79 14 December 1943 12:28 LaGG-3 PQ 26 Ost 90272[36]
20 km (12 mi) south of Lomonosov
74 17 November 1943 09:10 P-40 PQ 25 Ost 97562[36]
30 km (19 mi) east-northeast of Idriza 		80 29 December 1943 12:57 La-5 PQ 26 Ost 90423[36]
15 km (9.3 mi) west of Gorodok
75 17 November 1943 09:12?[Note 11] P-40 PQ 25 Ost 97562[36]
30 km (19 mi) east-northeast of Idriza
– 10. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[37]
Eastern Front — 1 January – February 1944
81 8 January 1944 12:13 P-40 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Pushkin 91 24 January 1944 13:32 Il-2 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Gagarin
82 15 January 1944 10:38 Il-2 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Lomonosov 92 25 January 1944 10:00 Pe-2
83 15 January 1944 13:01 Il-2 25 km (16 mi) south of Lomonosov 93 25 January 1944 10:08 Il-2 vicinity of Gagarin
84 15 January 1944 13:02 Il-2 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Lomonosov 94 25 January 1944 12:23 Il-2 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Gagarin
85 17 January 1944 10:50 Il-2 95 25 January 1944 12:25 Il-2 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Gagarin
86 17 January 1944 10:55 Il-2 near Pushkin 96 15 February 1944 13:10 Il-2 20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Gorodets
87 17 January 1944 10:56 Il-2 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Pushkin 97 15 February 1944 13:11 Il-2 20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Gorodets
88 19 January 1944 09:45 Il-2 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Novgorod 98 15 February 1944 13:12 Il-2 20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Gorodets
89 19 January 1944 10:15 Il-2 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Novgorod 99 15 February 1944 13:13 Il-2 20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Gorodets
90 24 January 1944 13:20 Il-2 20 km (12 mi) southwest of Gagarin
– Stab III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 –[38]
Western Front — May – 29 December 1944
100 19 May 1944 13:17 P-38 southeast of Oschersleben[39] 112 12 July 1944 14:30 P-47 PQ 04 Ost N/AB[40]
Conches
101 27 May 1944 12:18 B-17 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Colmar[41] 113 12 July 1944 14:33 P-47 PQ 04 Ost N/AB[40]
Conches
102 7 June 1944 13:45 Spitfire 3 km (1.9 mi) southeast of Caen[41] 114 23 July 1944 19:17 P-38 PQ 04 Ost N/BE-4[40]
Arpajon
103 7 June 1944 14:14 P-51 PQ 04 Ost N/AE-7/1, Guyancourt[41] 115 23 July 1944 19:18 P-38 PQ 04 Ost N/BE-4[40]
Arpajon
104 10 June 1944 14:21 P-47 PQ 15 West S/UU-5[41]
Caen 		116 28 July 1944 20:14 B-26 PQ 04 Ost N/AA-1[40]
Vimoutiers
105 17 June 1944 19:03 Spitfire PQ 15 Ost S/UT-2[41]
Carpiquet 		117 6 August 1944 12:21 B-24 PQ 05 Ost S/UE/UD[40]
Mantes-Pontoise
106 17 June 1944 19:08 Spitfire PQ 04 Ost N/AA-1[41]
southeast of Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives 		118 6 August 1944 12:22 B-24 PQ 05 Ost S/UE/UD[40]
Mantes-Pontoise
107 22 June 1944 21:15 P-51 PQ 05 Ost S/UB-6/9[40]
Bernay 		119 8 August 1944 14:48 P-38 PQ 15 Ost S/BT-4[42]
Mortain
108 23 June 1944 16:50 Spitfire PQ 15 Ost S/UU-2[40]
Caen 		120 28 September 1944 16:07 Spitfire PQ 05 Ost S/ES-8[42]
1 km (0.62 mi) northwest of Apelstedt
109 23 June 1944 16:57 Spitfire PQ 15 Ost S/UU-2[40]
Caen 		121 6 November 1944 14:48 P-38 PQ 05 Ost S/CP, Norderney[42]
over sea
110 27 June 1944 13:47 Spitfire PQ 04 Ost S/AA-4[40]
Trun 		122 29 December 1944 11:00 Spitfire PQ 05 Ost S/FQ-7[42]
Gersten
111 4 July 1944 19:45 Spitfire PQ 15 Ost S/TS/US[40]
Carentan-Saint-Lô

Awards

Notes

  1. ^ For an explanation of the meaning of Luftwaffe unit designation see Luftwaffe Organization
  2. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 11:57.[15]
  3. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 14:10.[15]
  4. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Yakovlev Yak-7.[15]
  5. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 11:57.[33]
  6. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 15:43.[33]
  7. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 15:47.[33]
  8. ^ This claim is not listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[34]
  9. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 09:12.[33]
  10. ^ a b According to Mathews and Foreman claimed over a Lavochkin La-5 at 13:50.[33]
  11. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 09:11.[33]
  12. ^ According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän in the IV./Jagdgeschwader 54.[47]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Spick 1996, pp. 3–4.
  2. ^ a b Stockert 2008, p. 164.
  3. ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 165, 191.
  4. ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 344, 351.
  5. ^ Stockert 2008, p. 165.
  6. ^ Prien et al. 2019, p. 446.
  7. ^ a b Manrho & Putz 2010, p. 279.
  8. ^ The Herald—Flying after ghosts.
  9. ^ Prien et al. 2019, p. 463.
  10. ^ Weal 2001, p. 118.
  11. ^ Zabecki 2019, p. 330.
  12. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 74.
  13. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1390–1392.
  14. ^ Planquadrat.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1390.
  16. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 533.
  17. ^ Prien et al. 2004, p. 371.
  18. ^ Prien et al. 2004, p. 372.
  19. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 96.
  20. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2006, p. 98.
  21. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 99.
  22. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 169.
  23. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 170.
  24. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1390–1391.
  25. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2012, p. 171.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Prien et al. 2012, p. 181.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2012, p. 172.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i Prien et al. 2012, p. 182.
  29. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 173.
  30. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 179.
  31. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2012, p. 180.
  32. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 183.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1391.
  34. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 184.
  35. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 185.
  36. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Prien et al. 2012, p. 350.
  37. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1391–1392.
  38. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1392.
  39. ^ Prien et al. 2019, p. 450.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Prien et al. 2019, p. 452.
  41. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2019, p. 451.
  42. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2019, p. 453.
  43. ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 214.
  44. ^ a b Thomas 1998, p. 428.
  45. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 504.
  46. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 440.
  47. ^ a b Scherzer 2007, p. 776.
  48. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 99.

Bibliography

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  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 5—Heimatverteidigung—10. Mai 1940 bis 31 Dezember 1941—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—Oktober 1940 bis November 1941—Einsatz im Westen—22. Juni bis 31. Dezember 1941—Die Ergänzungsjagdgruppen—Einsatz 1941 bis zur Auflösung Anfang 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 5—Defense of the Reich—10 May 1940 to 31 December 1941—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—October 1940 to November 1941—Action in the West—22 June to 31 December 1941—The Supplementary Fighter Groups—Action from 1941 until their Breakup in Early 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-68-7.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2004). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 7—Heimatverteidigung—1. January bis 31 Dezember 1942—Einsatz im Westen—1. Januar bis 31. Dezember 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 7—Defense of the Reich—1 January to 31 December 1942—Action in the West—1 January to 31 December 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-73-1.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/III—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/III—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-78-6.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/III—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/III—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-07-9.
  • Prien, Jochen; Balke, Ulf; Stemmer, Gerhard; Bock, Winfried (2019). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 13/V—Einsatz im Reichsverteidigung und im Westen—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 13/V—Action in the Defense of the Reich and in the West—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-942943-21-5.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
  • Stockert, Peter (2008). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 8 [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 8] (in German). Bad Friedrichshall: Friedrichshaller Rundblick. ISBN 978-3932915017. OCLC 76072662.
  • Thomas, Franz (1998). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2300-9.
  • Weal, John (2001). Jagdgeschwader 54 "Grünherz". Aviation Elite Units. Vol. 6. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-286-9.
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