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Porsgrunn

Coordinates: 59°6′56″N 9°42′36″E / 59.11556°N 9.71000°E / 59.11556; 9.71000
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This article is about the municipality in Telemark, Norway. For the city within this municipality, see Porsgrunn (town). For other uses, see Porsgrunn (disambiguation).
Porsgrunn Municipality
Porsgrunn kommune
Porsgrund (historic)
Municipality
View of the town of Porsgrunn
View of the town of Porsgrunn
Coat of arms of Porsgrunn Municipality
Coat of arms
Vestfold og Telemark within Norway
Vestfold og Telemark within Norway
Porsgrunn within Vestfold og Telemark
Porsgrunn within Vestfold og Telemark
Coordinates: 59°6′56″N 9°42′36″E / 59.11556°N 9.71000°E / 59.11556; 9.71000
CountryNorway
CountyVestfold og Telemark
DistrictGrenland
Established1 Jan 1838
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Administrative centrePorsgrunn
Government
 • Mayor (2015)Robin Kåss (Ap)
Area
 • Total
164.45 km2 (63.49 sq mi)
 • Land160.78 km2 (62.08 sq mi)
 • Water3.67 km2 (1.42 sq mi)  2.2%
 • Rank#315 in Norway
Population
 (2022)
 • Total
36,624
 • Rank#29 in Norway
 • Density227.8/km2 (590/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Increase +4%
DemonymsPorsgrunnsfolk
Porsgrunnsmann
Porsgrunnskvinne[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formBokmål
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-3806[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Porsgrunnⓘ is a municipality in Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Grenland. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Porsgrunn. Some other notable settlements in Porsgrunn include the town of Brevik and the villages of Langangen and Heistad.[4]

The 164-square-kilometre (63 sq mi) municipality is the 315th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Porsgrunn is the 29th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 36,624. The municipality's population density is 227.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (590/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4% over the previous 10-year period.[5][6] The conurbation of the cities of Porsgrunn and Skien is called Porsgrunn/Skien by Statistics Norway and it is considered to be the seventh-largest urban area in Norway.

General information

View of the Langangen area
View of the town of Brevik in Porsgrunn Municipality

The town of Porsgrunn was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). The small urban town of Porsgrunn grew over time. On 1 July 1920, the growing town annexed some adjacent areas of some of the neighboring rural municipalities: an area of Gjerpen Municipality (population: 437), an area of Eidanger Municipality (population: 550), and an area of Solum Municipality (population: 1,614).[7]

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, there was a major municipal merger where the following areas were merged to form a new Porsgrunn Municipality.[7]

On 1 January 1968, an area of Skien Municipality (population: 3,554) was transferred to Porsgrunn Municipality (these areas had originally been part of Solum and Gjerpen municipalities).[7]

Name

The place is first mentioned in existing historical records in 1576 ("Porsgrund") by the writer Peder Claussøn Friis in his work Concerning the Kingdom of Norway (see the article: Norwegian literature). He writes: "Two and a half miles from the sea, the Skien River flows into the fjord, and that place is called Porsgrund." The name was probably given during medieval times to the then swampy area by the nuns of Gimsøy Abbey, who went here to collect the shrub pors ("Bog Myrtle"). The last element of the name grunn which means "ground". The name was spelled "Porsgrund" until 1931 when the spelling was changed to Porsgrunn, giving it a more "Norwegianized" spelling.[4]

Coat of arms

The coat of arms was originally granted on 16 January 1905 for the town of Porsgrunn. The arms were originally devised in 1905 when the city needed a new city hall. After the municipal merger on 1 January 1964, the old arms were re-adopted by the new, larger Porsgrunn Municipality. The blazon is "Gules and azure, a bend between a bog myrtle branch and an anchor argent" (Template:Lang-no). This means the arms have a red (above) and blue (below) field (background) and the charge is a diagonal bend (stripe) with an anchor below it and the branch of a bog myrtle plant above it. The charge has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The silver bend (stripe) symbolizes the small river running through the city. The bog myrtle plant is a canting symbol since the name Porsgrunn comes from the Norwegian word for the plant. The anchor on a blue background symbolizes the importance of the local harbor and sea. The arms were designed by Wilhelm Rudolph.[8][9]

Churches

Østre Porsgrunn Church

The Church of Norway has two parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Porsgrunn. It is part of the Skien prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark.

Churches in Porsgrunn
Parish (sokn) Church name Location of the church Year built
Eidanger Brevik Church Brevik 1963
Eidanger Church Eidanger c. 1150
Herøya Church Porsgrunn 1957
Langangen Church Langangen 1891
Stridsklev Church Porsgrunn 2000
Porsgrunn Vestre Porsgrunn Church Porsgrunn 1758
Østre Porsgrunn Church Porsgrunn 2019

History

Porsgrunn City Hall

Porsgrunn has been an important harbor town in the Grenland area since the late 16th century. In 1653, the Customs House was moved further down the Skien river from Skien to Porsgrunn mainly because industrial waste such as sawdust and mud made the river too shallow to allow boats to go any further up the river.[10] Moving the Custom House to Porsgrunn added to the flourishing harbor activity and Porsgrunn became a thriving market town with a ladested status.[11][12][13]

In the 18th century, Porsgrunn was the home of some of Norway's most influential families at the time, such as the Aalls, Cappelens, Løvenskiolds, and Deichmans. Also in this period, Porsgrunn was considered the cultural centre of Norway. The city was granted limited city status as a kjøpstad in 1807. The town was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838, and it was expanded to full city status in 1842.[11][12][13]

Porsgrunn was once home to Skomvær, the country's largest sailing ship. In 1985, the sculpture Amphitrite, the wave and the sea birds was unveiled in Porsgrunn. The sculpture, which is one of Jørleif Uthaug's best known works, has a nautical theme in honor of Porsgrunn's maritime history.

Geography

The river flowing through the town

Porsgrunn Municipality borders the municipalities of Skien and Siljan to the north, Bamble in the west, and Larvik in the east. It is part of a cluster of municipalities in southern Telemark that constitute the Grenland area of Norway. The Frierfjorden, Gunnekleivfjorden, and the mouth of the river Telemarksvassdraget or Porsgrunn River (Porsgrunnselva) are located in the western part of the municipality. The peninsula of Herøya, southeast of the main city centre, was originally an industrial park and has grown into a suburb of Porsgrunn. The Eidangerfjorden runs through the central part of the municipality.

Government

All municipalities in Norway are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[14] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Telemark District Court and the Agder Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Porsgrunn is made up of 49 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Porsgrunn kommunestyre 2020–2023 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 18
  People's Action No to More Road Tolls (Folkeaksjonen nei til mer bompenger) 1
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 4
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Red Party (Rødt) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:49
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 2016–2019 [16][17]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 20
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 5
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Red Party (Rødt) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 City and Neighborhood Party (By og Nærmiljøpartiet)3
Total number of members:49
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 2012–2015 [18]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 16
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 5
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Red Party (Rødt) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
 City and Neighborhood Party (By og Nærmiljøpartiet)9
Total number of members:49
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 2008–2011 [17]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 19
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 13
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
 City List (Bylista)1
Total number of members:49
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 2004–2007 [17]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 17
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 14
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:49
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 2000–2003 [17][19]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 21
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 10
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:49
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1996–1999 [20]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 19
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
Total number of members:49
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1992–1995 [21]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 24
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 14
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 12
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:69
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1988–1991 [22]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 32
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 15
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:69
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1984–1987 [23]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 37
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 16
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Liberal People's Party (Liberale Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Carl I. Hagen's election list (Carl I. Hagens folkevalgte)1
Total number of members:69
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1980–1983 [24]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 35
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 17
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 8
  Liberal People's Party (Liberale Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:69
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1976–1979 [25]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 32
  Anders Lange's Party (Anders Langes parti) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 10
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:69
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1972–1975 [26]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 32
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 9
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 11
 Socialist common list (Venstresosialistiske felleslister)3
Total number of members:69
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1968–1971 [27]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 33
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 9
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 13
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 1
Total number of members:69
Porsgrunn kommunestyre 1964–1967 [28]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 35
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 12
Total number of members:69
Porsgrunn bystyre 1960–1963 [29]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 19
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 10
Total number of members:45
Porsgrunn bystyre 1956–1959 [30]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 19
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 9
Total number of members:45
Porsgrunn bystyre 1952–1955 [31]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 17
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 8
Total number of members:44
Porsgrunn bystyre 1948–1951 [32]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 14
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Joint list of the Liberal Party (Venstre) and the Radical People's Party (Radikale Folkepartiet) 10
Total number of members:44
Porsgrunn bystyre 1945–1947 [33]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 14
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 9
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
Total number of members:44
Porsgrunn bystyre 1938–1940* [34]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 19
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 8
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 1
Total number of members:44
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.
Porsgrunn bystyre 1935–1937 [35]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 16
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 2
  Nasjonal Samling Party (Nasjonal Samling) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 8
Total number of members:44
Porsgrunn bystyre 1932–1934 [36]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 15
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 14
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 9
Total number of members:44
Porsgrund bystyre 1929–1931 [37]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 14
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 13
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
Total number of members:44
Porsgrund bystyre 1926–1928 [38]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 1
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 16
  Social Democratic Labour Party
(Socialdemokratiske Arbeiderparti)		 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 8
 Workers' Common List (Arbeidernes fellesliste)9
Total number of members:44
Porsgrund bystyre 1923–1925 [39]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 19
  Social Democratic Labour Party
(Socialdemokratiske Arbeiderparti)		 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 10
Total number of members:44

Mayors

The mayors (Template:Lang-no) of Porsgrunn (incomplete list):[40]

Industry

Porsgrunn is an important center of industry and has a long history of heavy industry. Important industries in Porsgrunn include:

Transportation

Transportation links from Porsgrunn:

Notable people

Main category: People from Porsgrunn
Cort Adeler
Severin Løvenskiold, 1854

Public service and public thinking

Business

The Arts

Halfdan Christensen, ca.1940

Sport

Rune Jarstein, 2019

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway

Porsgrunn is twinned with:[43]

References

  1. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ^ a b Nilsen, Jan Erik, ed. (15 August 2023). "Porsgrunn". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  5. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  7. ^ a b c Jukvam, Dag (1999). Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.
  8. ^ "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  9. ^ "Porsgrunn kommune, våpen". Digitalarkivet (in Norwegian). Arkivverket. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  10. ^ ""Historien vår"-byhistorisk utstilling" (in Norwegian). Porsgrunn Kommune. Retrieved 16 June 2007.
  11. ^ a b Tønnessen, Johan N. (1956–1957). Porsgrunns historie (in Norwegian).
  12. ^ a b Moseng, Ole Georg (2006). Porsgrunns historie . Bind I . Byen i emning (in Norwegian). ISBN 9788299738811.
  13. ^ a b Schrumpf, Ellen (2006). Porsgrunns historie . Bind II . Byen ved elva (in Norwegian). ISBN 9788299738804.
  14. ^ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  15. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2019 - Vestfold og Telemark". Valg Direktoratet. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  16. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2015 - Telemark". Valg Direktoratet.
  17. ^ a b c d "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  18. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2011 - Telemark". Valg Direktoratet.
  19. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1999" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 2000. ISBN 8253748531. ISSN 0332-8023.
  20. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. ISBN 8253743351. ISSN 0332-8023.
  21. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. ISBN 8253737939. ISSN 0332-8023.
  22. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. ISBN 8253726325. ISSN 0332-8023.
  23. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. ISBN 8253720378. ISSN 0332-8023.
  24. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. ISBN 8253710836. ISSN 0332-8023.
  25. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. ISBN 8253705646.
  26. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. ISBN 8253701144.
  27. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967.
  28. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964.
  29. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1959" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1960.
  30. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1955" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1957.
  31. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1951" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1952.
  32. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1947" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1948.
  33. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1947.
  34. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1938.
  35. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1934" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1935.
  36. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1931" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1932.
  37. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1928" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1929.
  38. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1925" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1926.
  39. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1922" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norge: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1923.
  40. ^ Lund, Carl (1907). Porsgrunn 1807–1907: Et Hundreaars Minde (in Norwegian). Porsgrund, Norge: Brødrene Dyrings Bogtrykkeri. ISBN 9781286334409.
  41. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 31 January 2021
  42. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 31 January 2021
  43. ^ "Vennskapskommuner for Porsgrunn og Brevik" (in Norwegian). Porsgrunn kommune. Retrieved 17 January 2009.
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