Kubachi language

Kubachi
гӀугъбуган ghug’bugan
Native to	North Caucasus
Region	Dagestan
Native speakers	7,000 (2020)
Language family	Northeast Caucasian Dargin Kubachi
Language codes
ISO 639-3	ugh
Glottolog	kuba1248

Kubachi (alternatively Kubachin) is a language in the Dargin dialect continuum spoken in Dagestan, Russia, by Kubachi people. It is often considered a divergent dialect of Dargwa. Ethnologue lists it as a separate language.

Vowels

Vowel phonemes of Kubachi

	Front			Back
		plain	pharyngealized	plain	pharyngealized
close	short			[u] у u	[uˤ] уӏ ü
	long			[uː] уу uu	[uːˤ] ууӏ üü
near-close	short	[ɪ] и i	[ɪˤ] иӏ ï
	long	[ɪː] ии ii	[ɪːˤ] ииӏ ïï
open-mid	short	[ɛ] е e	[ɛˤ] еӏ ë
	long	[ɛː] ee ee	[ɛːˤ] eeӏ ëë
open	short			[ɑ] а a	[ɑˤ] аӏ ä
	long			[ɑː] aa aa	[ɑːˤ] aaӏ ää

Consonants

The glottal stop transcribed here is named rather ambiguously a "glottalic laryngeal" by both sources.

Consonant phonemes of Kubachi

		Bilabial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal	Glottal
				plain	plain	plain	labialized	plain	labialized		plain
Nasal		[m] м m	[n] н n
Plosive	voiced	[b] б b	[d] д d			[g] г g	[gʷ] гв gw			[ʡ] гӏ ÿ	[ʔ] ъ y
	aspirated	[pʰ] п p	[tʰ] т t			[kʰ] к k	[kʰʷ] кв kw	[qʰ] къ q	[qʰʷ] къв qw
	fortis	[pː] пп pp	[tː] тт tt			[kː] кк kk	[kːʷ] ккв kkw	[qː] ккъ qq	[qːʷ] ккъв qqw
	ejective	[pʼ] пӏ pʼ	[tʼ] тӏ tʼ			[kʼ] кӏ kʼ	[kʼʷ] кӏв kʼw	[qʼ] кь qʼ	[qʼʷ] кьв qʼw
Affricate	aspirated		[t͡sʰ] ц c	[t͡ʃʰ] ч ç				[q͡χʰ] хъ qx	[q͡χʰʷ] хъв qxw
	fortis		[t͡sː] цц cc	[t͡ʃː] чч çç
	ejective		[t͡sʼ] цӏ cʼ	[t͡ʃʼ] чӏ çʼ
Fricative	voiced		[z] з z	[ʒ] ж ẑ				[ʁ] гъ ĝ	[ʁʷ] гъв ĝw	[ħ] хӏ ħ	[h] гь h
	plain		[s] с s	[ʃ] ш ş		[x] хь ĵ	[xʷ] хьв ĵw	[χ] х x	[χʷ] хв xw
	fortis		[sː] сс ss	[ʃː] шш şş		[xː] ххь ĵĵ	[xːʷ] ххьв ĵĵw	[χː] хх xx	[χːʷ] ххв xxw
Trill				[r] р r
Approximant		[w] в v	[l] л l		[j] й j

External links

• Kubachins on everyculture.com