Ř
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The grapheme Ř, ř (R with háček, example of Czech pronunciation: ) is a letter used in alphabets of the Czech and Upper Sorbian languages. It was also used in a proposed orthography for the Silesian language. A similar consonant can also be found in some Norwegian dialects (around Narvik) and in Berber (especially in its Rif variety).
The Unicode glyphs are U+0158 Ř LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CARON and U+0159 ř LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CARON. Either can also be represented using the combining character U+030C ̌ COMBINING CARON.
History of Ř in Czech
In Czech, the phoneme ř originated from Old Czech in the 13th century. The oldest written documents from which it can be inferred date to 1237.[1] Three theories exist explaining the origin of the phoneme. First, it could have arisen from the consonant r preceding the vowels e, í, i. The second theory posits that ř evolved from the phoneme r followed by the Proto-Slavic vowel yer (ь). Finally, it is possible that the phoneme evolved from the Proto-Slavic combination of r and the nasal ę, or from the cluster rj (alternatively spelled r'). For example, r’epa > řepa, r’ěka > řěka > řeka, tr’i > tři, zvěr’ь > zvěr’ > zvěř, kur’ę > kur’ě > kuřě > kuře, mor’e > moře[2].
Usage
In Czech it is used to denote [r̝], a raised alveolar non-sonorant trill and it is an allophone of 'rz' in Polish. Its manner of articulation is similar to other alveolar trills but the tongue is raised; it is partially fricative. It is usually voiced, [r̝], but it also has a voiceless allophone [r̝̊] occurring in the vicinity of voiceless consonants or at the end of a word.
In Upper Sorbian, it denotes the voiceless postalveolar fricative [ʃ].
In Rif-Berber, it is used for a sound between /l/ and /r/.
Tongue twister
Czech: “Tři sta třicet tři stříbrných stříkaček stříkalo přes tři sta třicet tři stříbrných střech.”
Phonetically: [ˈtr̝̊ɪsta ˈtr̝̊ɪt͡sɛt ˈtr̝̊ɪ ˈstr̝̊iːbr̩niːx ˈstr̝̊iːkat͡ʃɛk ˈstr̝̊iːkalo pr̝̊ɛs ˈtr̝̊ɪsta ˈtr̝̊ɪt͡sɛt ˈtr̝̊ɪ ˈstr̝̊iːbr̩niːx ˈstr̝̊ɛx].
English: “333 silver fire hoses squirted over 333 silver roofs”.
Computing code
| Preview | Ř | ř | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CARON | LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CARON | ||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 344 | U+0158 | 345 | U+0159 |
| UTF-8 | 197 152 | C5 98 | 197 153 | C5 99 |
| Numeric character reference | Ř |
Ř |
ř |
ř |
| Named character reference | Ř | ř | ||
See also
References
- ^ Čornejová, M. Ke grafice bohemik X.–XII. století. SPFFBU Linguistica Brunensia A 53, 2005, 137–145.
- ^ http://prirucka.ujc.cas.cz/?id=148