Albania–Yugoslav border incident (April 1999)
| Albania–Yugoslav border incident (April 1999) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Kosovo War | |||||||
.jpg) Albanian Type 59 tanks at the border | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 FR Yugoslavia |
 Albanian Army Albanian farmers | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Unknown |
Kudusi Lama[3] | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 50 soldiers[1] of 63rd Paratroop Battalion[4] | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 3 houses destroyed | |||||||
An incident took place on the Albania–Yugoslav border in April 1999 when the FR Yugoslav Army shelled several Albanian border towns around Krumë, Tropojë. In these villages, refugees were being housed after fleeing the war in Kosovo by crossing into Albania.[5] On 13 April 1999, Yugoslav infantry entered Albanian territory to close off an area that was used by the KLA to stage attacks against Yugoslav targets.[1][6]
Background
In early 1998, as tensions increased in Kosovo, it became increasingly difficult for the Albanian Army to monitor the country's 140-kilometre (87 mi) border with the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and cope with the steady influx of Kosovo Albanian refugees into the country.[7] Yugoslav army units controlled the border in a few areas, but generally relied on the remote mountainous terrain to do their work for them. Many Yugoslav border units suffered from lack of manpower, the wars in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia having seriously damaged their resources. The morale of soldiers was low, with food often poor, and spare parts for army and police equipment and supplies were difficult to obtain.[8]
Albanian authorities were concerned with attempts by Serbia to implicate Albania as a supporter of terrorism.[7] The Albanian Army had an estimated 4,000–6,000 soldiers, and Yugoslavia was said to have "little regard" for the country's military.[9]
The Kosovo War was a conflict between the government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) and the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA). The war caused thousands of Kosovo Albanians to join the KLA ranks. More than 500,000 ethnic Albanian refugees fled their homes in fear of Yugoslav Army reprisals between 1998–1999. Meanwhile, the KLA began to recruit in the refugee camps. There had been fighting along the border between the KLA and Yugoslav forces where KLA troops had infiltrated into Kosovo. The subsequent incursion by the FRY could have been in response to KLA actions in the area, according to Albanian police.[6]
Relations between the FRY and Albania had been strained as 300,000 ethnic Albanians had fled into Albania itself. The Yugoslavs had been angered over Albania's support of NATO airstrikes and its sheltering of KLA militants. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) had reported previous Yugoslav Army incursions into Albanian territory. The border was lightly defended by the Albanian Army which was ordered not to fire back after a Yugoslav Army attack. A KLA commander reported that rebel forces had crossed over into Kosovo near Tropojë, a KLA stronghold, in the days before the attack, this incursion was confirmed by an OSCE monitor.[6]
Incident
From their positions on the Yugoslavian side of the border, soldiers of the Yugoslav Army fired at least 10 shells on the town of Krumë just before midnight, where refugees from Kosovo had taken shelter.[5] Albanian Foreign Ministry spokesman Sokol Gjoka stated that the incident did not result in casualties on either side, and that three houses had been destroyed in the fighting.[10]
Reactions
OSCE monitors reported that Yugoslav paratroopers had crossed the border.[1]
Albania: Ministry of foreign affairs declared that "The infantry troops of the Serb forces have penetrated up to two kilometers (1.2 miles) inside Albania after two hours of bomb shelling on our side"[11] On 18 April, Albania and Yugoslavia broke off all diplomatic relations.[2]
FR Yugoslavia: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Yugoslavia denied that Yugoslavian troops had entered Albania.[11]
Turkey: Prime minister Bülent Ecevit stated that he would allow that "If necessary, Turkey would defend along with Albania sovereignty and independence of the befriended and brother people of Albania".[4]
References
- Pettifer, James; Vickers, Miranda (2007). The Albanian Question: Reshaping the Balkans. New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-974-5.
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- ^ a b c d Daly, Emma (14 April 1999). "War in the Balkans: Serbs enter Albania and burn village". The Independent. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
- ^ a b Elsie 2010, p. 246.
- ^ Katamaj, Halil (2002), Kudusi Lama, gjenerali i luftes : Divizioni i Kukësit gjatë Luftës së Kosovës, Tiranë: Mokra, ISBN 99927-781-0-5[page needed]
- ^ a b "Kosova e vitit 1999, Turqia gati trupat të ndërhyjë ushtarakisht". Telegrafi. 18 March 2013. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
- ^ a b Fisher, Ian (7 June 1999). "Surge of Fighting on Kosovo-Albania Border crossings of Albania / Refugees on the run again for safety". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
- ^ a b c Daniszewski, John (14 April 1999). "Yugoslav Troops Said to Cross into Albania". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
- ^ a b Pettifer & Vickers 2007, p. 127.
- ^ Pettifer & Vickers 2007, p. 106.
- ^ The New York Times & 18 June 1998.
- ^ Lulzim Cota (13 April 1999). "Albanian report: Troops crossed border". United Press International. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
- ^ a b "Albania says Serb forces cross border, occupy village". CNN. 13 April 1999. Archived from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2011.