Shia Islam in Indonesia
Shi'a Islam in Indonesia represents a small minority in that largely-Sunni Muslim country. Around one million Indonesians are Shias, who are concentrated around Jakarta.[1] Indonesian Shia are found in areas of Java, Madura and Sumatra.
History
The history of Shi'a in Indonesia started in the ninth century.[1] Amongst the early Shiites in Indonesia were the grandchildren of Ali son of Jaʿfar ibn Muhammad al-Sādiq who resided in Indonesia.[1] Many of the men married the daughters of local Indonesian kings, thereby obtaining high office.[1] Banda Aceh in Acheh, in the north of Sumatra, was the original centre for Shias in Indonesia; it was from there the Shia faith spread across Indonesia.[1]
Communities
Among the Indonesian communities which practise Shiism are minority segments of the Hadrami, Arab-descended Indonesians, who have a "small, but increasing, minority of Shia followers."[2] Another group are the Shia of Pariaman and Bengkulu in Sumatra, and Sigli in Aceh, who claim descent from Indian sepoys, and are known as orang sipahi or orang Kling. The orang sipahi traditionally practise the Shia tabut ritual, though in Aceh it has been banned since 1953.[3] Kowal (Kuala) has a large Shia population: on 2 September 1960, fifteen years after Indonesian independence, the government established a university in Kowal naming it Shia Kowal University (otherwise known as Syiah Kuala University or Universitas Syiah Kuala).[1]
Persecution
The 2010 report to the United States Congress by the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom noted attacks against the Shia communities in Indonesia, particularly in East Java and Madura in 2008. In one incident in Madura, local villagers surrounded Shia houses and demanded they desist religious activities, but the crowd was dispersed by local leaders and clergy.[4]
See also
- Tabuik, an Indonesian observance of Muharram
External links
References
- ^ a b c d e f Reza, Imam. "Shia Muslims Around the World". Archived from the original on 22 May 2009. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- ^ Frode Jacobsen (13 January 2009). Hadrami Arabs in Present-day Indonesia. Taylor & Francis US. pp. 19–. ISBN 978-0-415-48092-5. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
- ^ Margaret Kartomi (15 June 2012). Musical Journeys in Sumatra. University of Illinois Press. pp. 75–. ISBN 978-0-252-03671-2. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
- ^ Leonard Leo. International Religious Freedom (2010): Annual Report to Congress. DIANE Publishing. pp. 261–. ISBN 978-1-4379-4439-6. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
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