List of black holes
This list of black holes (and stars considered probable candidates) is organized by mass (including black holes of undetermined mass); some items in this list are galaxies or star clusters that are believed to be organized around a black hole. Messier and New General Catalogue designations are given where possible.
Super massive black holes and candidates
- 1ES 2344+514
- 3C 75
- 3C 371
- 4C +37.11 (this radio galaxy is believed to have binary supermassive black holes)
- AP Lib
- S5 0014+81 (Said to be a compact hyperluminous quasar. Estimated at 40 billion solar masses.)
- APM 08279+5255 (contains one of the largest black holes estimated at 23 billion solar masses. Previous candidate for largest.)
- Arp 220
- Centaurus A
- EXO 0706.1+5913
- Fornax A
- HE0450-2958
- IC 1459
- J1728.2+5013
- MCG-6-30-15
- Messier 31 (or the Andromeda Galaxy)
- Messier 32
- Messier 51 (or the Whirlpool Galaxy)
- Messier 60
- Messier 77
- Messier 81 (or Bode's Galaxy)
- Messier 84
- Messier 87 (or Virgo A)
- Messier 104 (or the Sombrero Galaxy)
- Messier 105
- Messier 106
- Mrk 180
- Mrk 421
- Mrk 501
- NGC 821
- NGC 1023
- NGC 1097
- NGC 1277; the central supermassive black hole is listed as fourth largest, and it is unusually large in proportion to the host galaxy, being 14% of the mass, instead of the usual 0.1%
- NGC 1566
- NGC 2778
- NGC 2787
- NGC 3079
- NGC 3115
- NGC 3245
- NGC 3377
- NGC 3384
- NGC 3608
- NGC 3894
- NGC 3998
- NGC 4151
- NGC 4261
- NGC 4291
- NGC 4342
- NGC 4350
- NGC 4438
- NGC 4459
- NGC 4473
- NGC 4486B (a satellite galaxy of Messier 87)[1]
- NGC 4564
- NGC 4579
- NGC 4596
- NGC 4697
- NGC 4742
- NGC 4791
- NGC 4849
- NGC 4889 (contains the second largest supermassive black hole, estimated at 21 billion solar masses.)
- NGC 4945
- NGC 5033
- NGC 5845
- NGC 6251
- NGC 7052
- NGC 7457
- OJ 287 (a BL Lac object containing the fifth largest supermassive black hole until NGC 4889's discovery, estimated at 18 billion solar masses)
- PKS 0521-365
- PKS 0548-322
- PKS 2201+044
- Q0906+6930 (a blazar organized around a supermassive black hole)
- RX J1131 (first black hole whose spin was directly measured)
- Sagittarius A*, which is in the center of the Milky Way
- TON 618 (Largest known black hole. Estimated at 66 billion solar masses.)
Types
- Quasar
- Supermassive black hole
- Hypercompact stellar system (is organized around a supermassive black hole). Hypothetical object.
Intermediate-mass black holes and candidates
- Cigar Galaxy (Messier 82, NGC 3034)
- 1E1740.7-2942 (Great Annihilator), 340 LY from Sgr A*
- GCIRS 13E
- HLX-1
- M82 X-1
- Messier 15 (NGC 7078)
- Messier 110 (NGC 205)
- NGC 1313 X-1
- NGC 1313 X-2
- Sculptor Galaxy (NGC 253)
- SDSS J1126+2944
- Triangulum Galaxy (Messier 33, NGC 598)
Stellar black holes and candidates
- 4U 1543-475/IL Lupi
- A0620-00/V616 Mon (currently thought to be the closest to Earth, at about 3,000 light years, with a mass roughly estimated to be 11.0 ± 1.9 times the mass of Sun)[citation needed]
- CXOU J132527.6-430023 A candidate stellar mass black hole outside of the Local Group.[2]
- Cygnus X-1
- Cygnus X-3
- GRO J0422+32 (smallest black hole yet discovered)[citation needed]
- GRO J1655-40/V1033 Sco (at one time considered the smallest black hole known)[3]
- GRS 1124-683/GU Mus
- GRS 1915+105/V1487 Aql
- GS 2000+25/QZ Vul
- GX 339-4/V821 Ara
- HR 6819 (triple star system visible with unaided eye, with closest black hole as of May 2020)[4]
- IGR J17091-3624 (candidate smallest stellar black hole)[5][6]
- LB-1 (name of both a galactic B-type star,[7] as well as the name of a very closely associated over-massive stellar-mass black hole.[8])
- M33 X-7 (most massive stellar-mass black hole known, not counting GW black holes)[9]
- MACHO-96-BLG-5
- MACHO-96-NLG-5
- MACHO-98-BLG-6
- MACHO-99-BLG-22
- SN 1997D (in NGC 1536)
- SS 433
- V404 Cyg
- XTE J1118+480/KV UMa
- XTE J1550-564/V381 Nor
- XTE J1650-500 (at one time considered the smallest black hole known)[3]
- XTE J1819-254/V4641 Sgr
Black holes detected by gravitational wave signals
As of February 2019[update], 10 mergers of binary black holes have been observed. In each case two black holes merged to a larger black hole. In addition, one neutron star merger has been observed (GW170817), forming a black hole. In addition, over 30 alerts have been issued since April 2019, of black hole merger candidates.
Multiple black hole systems
Binary black holes
- SDSS J120136.02+300305.5 core black holes — a pair of supermassive blackholes at the centre of this galaxy[10]
- PG 1302-102 – the first binary-cored quasar — a pair of supermassive blackholes at the core of this quasar[11][12]
In addition, the signal of several binary black holes merging into a single black hole and in so doing producing gravitational waves have been observed by the LIGO instrument. These are listed above in the section Black holes detected by gravitational wave signals.
Trinary black holes
As of 2014, there are 5 triple black hole systems known.[13]
- SDSS J150243.09+111557.3 (SDSS J1502+1115) core black holes — the three components are distant tertiary J1502P, and the close binary pair J1502S composed of J1502SE and J1502SW[13]
- GOODS J123652.77+621354.7 core black holes of triple-clump galaxy[14]
- 2MASX J10270057+1749001 (SDSS J1027+1749) core black holes[15]
See also
- Black hole
- List of nearest black holes
- Supermassive black hole
- Intermediate-mass black hole
- Stellar black hole
- Micro black hole
References
- ^ M87's satellite galaxy NGC 4486B, SEDS
- ^ "A Transient Sub-Eddington Black Hole X-Ray Binary Candidate in the Dust Lanes of Centaurus A". The Astrophysical Journal. 749 (2): 112. 2012. arXiv:1202.3149. Bibcode:2012ApJ...749..112B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/749/2/112.
{{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter|authors=(help) - ^ a b Andrea Thompson (1 April 2008). "Smallest Black Hole Found". Space.com.
- ^ Rivinius, Th.; Baade, D.; Hadrava, P.; Heida, M.; Klement, R. (May 2020). "A naked-eye triple system with a nonaccreting black hole in the inner binary". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 637 (L3): 11. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038020.
- ^ Knapp, Alex (2012-02-22). "The Smallest Known Black Hole Has 20 Million Mile Per Hour Winds". Forbes. Forbes.com LLC. Retrieved 2012-02-22.
- ^ NASA.gov, "NASA's RXTE Detects 'Heartbeat' of Smallest Black Hole Candidate", 2011.12.15 (accessed 2011.12.17)
- ^ Liu, Jifeng; et al. (27 November 2019). "A wide star–black-hole binary system from radial-velocity measurements". Nature. 575: 68-621. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1766-2. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Chinese Academy of Science (27 November 2019). "Chinese Academy of Sciences leads discovery of unpredicted stellar black hole". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ ScienceDaily, "Heaviest Stellar Black Hole Discovered In Nearby Galaxy", Oct. 18, 2007 (accessed 12-12-2009)
- ^ ESA (25 April 2014). "Unique pair of hidden black holes discovered by XMM-Newton". Space Daily.
- ^ Xaq Rzetelny (8 January 2015). "Supermassive black hole binary discovered".
- ^ Matthew J. Graham; S. George Djorgovski; Daniel Stern; Eilat Glikman; Andrew J. Drake; Ashish A. Mahabal; et al. (25 July 2014). "A possible close supermassive black-hole binary in a quasar with optical periodicity". Nature. 518 (7537) (published 7 January 2015): 74–76. arXiv:1501.01375. Bibcode:2015Natur.518...74G. doi:10.1038/nature14143. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 25561176.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|publicationdate=ignored (|publication-date=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Deane, R. P.; Paragi, Z.; Jarvis, M. J.; Coriat, M.; Bernardi, G.; Fender, R. P.; et al. (24 June 2014). "A close-pair binary in a distant triple supermassive black hole system". Nature. 511 (7507) (published July 2014): 57–60. arXiv:1406.6365. Bibcode:2014Natur.511...57D. doi:10.1038/nature13454. PMID 24990745.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|publicationdate=ignored (|publication-date=suggested) (help) - ^ Schawinski, Kevin; Urry, Meg; Treister, Ezequiel; Simmons, Brooke; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Glikman, Eilat (29 November 2011). "Evidence for Three Accreting Black Holes in a Galaxy at z ~ 1.35: A Snapshot of Recently Formed Black Hole Seeds?". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 743 (2) (published December 2011): 6. arXiv:1111.6973. Bibcode:2011ApJ...743L..37S. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/743/2/L37. L37.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|publicationdate=ignored (|publication-date=suggested) (help) - ^ Liu, Xin; Shen, Yue; Strauss, Michael A. (18 April 2011). "Cosmic Train Wreck by Massive Black Holes: Discovery of a Kiloparsec-scale Triple Active Galactic Nucleus". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 736 (1) (published July 2011): L7–L11. arXiv:1104.3391. Bibcode:2011ApJ...736L...7L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/736/1/L7. L7.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|publicationdate=ignored (|publication-date=suggested) (help)
See also
External links
- NASA's general description of black holes.
- A list of black hole stars and candidates compiled by Dr. William Robert Johnston, Ph.D (Physics), a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Texas (Dallas).
