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A Nightmare on Elm Street (franchise)

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File:NightmareOnElmStreetBoxSetSide.jpg
On September 21, 1999,[1] New Line Cinema released the first box-set containing the entire series, which includes interviews with cast and crew members as well as multiple commentaries.[2]

A Nightmare on Elm Street is an American horror franchise that consists of nine slasher films, a television show, novels, and comic books. The franchise began with the film series created by Wes Craven. The franchise is based on the fictional character Freddy Krueger, introduced in A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984), who stalks and kills teenagers in their dreams. If Freddy kills the teenager in the dream world then they are ultimately killed in the real world. His motives were to seek revenge on their parents, who had burned him alive years before the events of the first Nightmare film. The original film was written and directed by Craven, who returned to co-script the second sequel, A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors (1987), and to write and direct New Nightmare (1994).

The original film was released in 1984. A series of sequels produced by the independent film company New Line Cinema followed. New Line often attributes the growth of their company to the success of the Nightmare franchise.[2] The film series as a whole has received mixed reviews by critics, but has been a financial success at the box office. When comparing the United States box office grosses of other American horror film series, A Nightmare on Elm Street is the third highest grossing franchise in adjusted US dollars.[3] In 1988, a television series was produced with Freddy as the host. The pilot episode focused on the night Freddy was burned alive by the angry parents of the children he had killed, though the rest of the series featured episodes with independent plots. Twelve novels, separate from the adaptations of the films, and multiple comic book series were published featuring Freddy Krueger.

Films

Overview

The original film, written and directed by Wes Craven and titled A Nightmare on Elm Street, was released in 1984. The story focuses on Freddy Krueger attacking Nancy Thompson (Heather Langenkamp) and her friends in their dreams, successfully killing all but Nancy, in fictional Springwood, Ohio. Krueger’s back-story is revealed by Nancy’s mother, Marge, who explains he was a child murderer. The parents of Springwood killed Krueger after he was acquitted on a technicality. Nancy defeats Freddy by pulling him from the dream world and stripping him of his powers when she stops being afraid of him.[4] Freddy returns to attack the new family living in Nancy Thompson's house, the Walshes, in 1985's A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge. Freddy possesses the body of Jesse Walsh (Mark Patton), using him to kill. Jesse is saved by his girlfriend Lisa (Kim Myers), who helps Jesse break free from Krueger's spirit.[5]

Wes Craven returned to write A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors, released in 1987. In the second sequel, Freddy is systematically killing the last of the Elm Street children. The few remaining children have been placed in Westin Hills Mental Institution, for allegedly attempting suicide. Nancy Thompson arrives at Westin Hills as a new intern, and realizes the children are being killed by Freddy. With the help of Dr. Neil Gordon (Craig Wasson), Nancy helps Kristen (Patricia Arquette), Joey (Rodney Eastman), Taryn (Jennifer Rubin), Kincaid (Ken Sagoes), and Will (Ira Heiden) find their dream powers, so they can kill Freddy once and for all. Neil, unknowingly until the end, meets the spirit of Freddy’s mother, Amanda Krueger (Nan Martin), who instructs him to bury Freddy’s remains in hallowed ground in order to stop him for good. Neil completes his task, but not before Freddy kills Nancy.[6] The story of Kristen Parker would continue with 1988's A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master. This time, Kristen (Tuesday Knight) unwittingly releases Freddy, who immediately kills Kincaid and Joey. Before Freddy can kill Kristen, she transfers her dream powers to Alice (Lisa Wilcox), a friend from school. Alice begins inadvertently providing victims for Freddy when she begins pulling people into her dreams while she sleeps. Alice, who begins taking on traits of the friends who were murdered, confronts Freddy. She uses the power of the Dream Master to release all the souls Freddy has taken; they subsequently rip themselves from Freddy’s body, killing him in the process.[7] Picking up shortly after the events of The Dream Master, A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child involves Freddy using Alice’s unborn child, Jacob (Whitby Hertford), to resurrect himself and find new victims. The spirit of Amanda Krueger (Beatrice Boepple) returns, revealing that Freddy was conceived when she, a nun working in a mental asylum, was accidentally locked in a room with "100 maniacs" and raped "hundreds of times". Amanda Krueger convinces Jacob to use the powers he was given by Freddy against him, which gives her the chance to subdue Freddy long enough for Alice and Jacob to escape the dream world.[8]

1991's Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare followed the exploits of "John Doe" (Shon Greenblatt), an amnesiac teenager from Springwood, who was sent out to find Freddy's daughter Maggie (Lisa Zane), whom he needs to leave Springwood. Freddy's goal is to create new "Elm Streets", and begin a new killing spree after having killed all of the children in Springwood. Maggie, utilizing new dream techniques, uncovers Krueger’s past, which include: being taunted by schoolmates for being the "son of 100 maniacs", being cruel to animals, beaten by his stepfather, the murder of his own wife when she discovers he has been killing children, and the moment when the Dream Demons arrive in his boiler room to make him the offer of eternal life. Eventually, Maggie pulls Freddy out of the dream world, and uses a pipe bomb to blow him up.[9]

Wes Craven returned to the Nightmare series a third time with New Nightmare in 1994. This film focuses on a fictional "reality", where Craven, Langenkamp, and Englund all play themselves, and where the character of Freddy Krueger is really an evil entity that has been trapped in the realm of fiction by all the movies that have been made. Since the movies have stopped, the entity, which likes being Freddy Krueger, is trying to escape into the real world. The only person in its way is Heather Langenkamp, whom the entity sees as "Nancy" — the first person who defeated him. Craven explains to Langenkamp the only way to keep the entity contained is for her to "play Nancy one last time". Langenkamp pursues "Krueger", who has kidnapped her son, into the dream world as "Nancy". There, she and her son trap Krueger in a furnace until he is finally destroyed.[10] In 2003, New Line pitted Friday the 13th's Jason Voorhees against Freddy Krueger. The film, Freddy vs. Jason, explains that Freddy Krueger has grown weak as people in Springwood, his home, have suppressed their fear of him. Freddy, who is impersonating Pamela Voorhees, the mother of Jason Voorhees, sends Jason (Ken Kirzinger) to Springwood to cause panic and fear. Jason accomplishes this, but refuses to stop killing. A battle ensues in both the dream world and Crystal Lake between the two villains. The winner is left ambiguous, as Jason surfaces from the lake holding Freddy's severed head, which winks and laughs.[11]

In 2010, a remake of the original Nightmare on Elm Street was released. Here, Freddy stalks the dreams of Nancy Holbrook (Rooney Mara) and her friends as they discover that they all share a common link from their childhood; they were all physically and sexually abused by Freddy before he was murdered by their vengeful parents. Now a supernatural force in their dreams, Freddy kills off the children that alerted the parents about his transgressions. Freddy slowly works his way to Nancy, his favorite of the children, and manipulates her into going without sleep long enough that her body falls into a coma, resulting in permanent sleep and life with Freddy forever. Nancy is awakened when her friend Quentin (Kyle Gallner) injects adrenaline into her and pulls Freddy out of the dreamworld, where she and Quentin kill him and burn the remains of his body.[12]

Development

On January 29, 2008, Variety reported that Michael Bay and his Platinum Dunes production company would be rebooting the Nightmare on Elm Street franchise.[13] The Hollywood Reporter confirmed Robert Englund will not reprise the role of Freddy, and that Samuel Bayer was hired to direct the film.[14] Principal photography finished on July 10, 2009,[15] with a theatrical release of April 30, 2010.[16] On April 3, 2009 Entertainment Weekly reported that Jackie Earle Haley will portray Freddy Krueger.[17] Rooney Mara will play the role of Nancy Holbrook.[18]

Crew

Film Director Writer(s) Producer(s)
1. A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) Wes Craven Robert Shaye
2. Freddy's Revenge Jack Sholder David Chaskin
3. Dream Warriors Chuck Russell Wes Craven, Frank Darabont, Chuck Russell, Bruce Wagner
4. The Dream Master Renny Harlin Brian Helgeland, Jim Wheat, Ken Wheat Robert Shaye & Rachel Talalay
5. The Dream Child Stephen Hopkins Leslie Bohem Robert Shaye & Rupert Harvey
6. Freddy's Dead Rachel Talalay Michael De Luca Robert Shaye & Aron Warner
7. New Nightmare Wes Craven Marianne Maddalena
8. Freddy vs. Jason Ronny Yu Damian Shannon & Mark Swift Sean S. Cunningham
9. A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010) Samuel Bayer Wesley Strick & Eric Heisserer Michael Bay, Andrew Form & Brad Fuller

Box office

When comparing A Nightmare on Elm Street with the other top-grossing horror franchises—Child's Play, Friday the 13th, Halloween, the Hannibal Lecter series, Psycho, Saw, Scream, and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre—and adjusting for the 2009 inflation,[19] A Nightmare on Elm Street is the third highest grossing horror franchise, in the United States, at approximately $522 million.[3] The series is topped by Friday the 13th at $614 million,[20] and the Hannibal Lecter film series with $573 million.[21] Halloween follows A Nightmare on Elm Street closely with an estimated $517 million,[22] then Scream with $400 million,[23] Saw with $378 million,[24] Psycho with $371 million,[25] The Texas Chainsaw Massacre with $315 million,[26] and the Child's Play film series rounding out the list with approximately $200 million.[27]

Film Release date (US) Budget Box office revenue Reference
United States Foreign Worldwide
1. A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) November 9, 1984 (1984-11-09) $1,800,000[28] $25,504,513 — $25,504,513 [29]
2. A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge November 1, 1985 (1985-11-01) $3,000,000[30] $29,999,213 — $29,999,213 [31]
3. A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors February 27, 1987 (1987-02-27) $5,000,000[32] $44,793,222 — $44,793,222 [33]
4. A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master August 19, 1988 (1988-08-19) $13,000,000[34] $49,369,899 — $49,369,899 [35]
5. A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child August 11, 1989 (1989-08-11) $6,000,000[36] $22,168,359 — $22,168,359 [37]
6. Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare September 13, 1991 (1991-09-13) $5,000,000[38] $34,872,033 — $34,872,033 [39]
7. Wes Craven's New Nightmare October 14, 1994 (1994-10-14) $8,000,000[40] $18,090,181 — $18,090,181 [41]
8. Freddy vs. Jason August 15, 2003 (2003-08-15) $25,000,000[42] $82,622,655 $32,286,175 $114,908,830 [43]
9. A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010) April 30, 2010 (2010-04-30) $35,000,000[44] $63,071,122 $46,267,913 $111,502,329 [45]
Total $101,800,000 $370,491,197 $78,554,088 $449,045,285

Documentary

Main article: Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy

On May 4, 2010, a 4-hour documentary chronicling the Nightmare on Elm Street franchise was released. The documentary includes interviews with the cast and crew for all of the Nightmare films.[46] In a wish to utilize individuals who contributed to the franchise, the makers of the documentary procured poster artist Matthew Joseph Peak to create the artwork for the release poster and DVD cover, and composer Charles Bernstein for the film's main title music.[47][48] As part of a special offering, the filmmakers gave away a limited edition poster to anyone that ordered the documentary from the official website. Those same individuals would also be entered into a drawing to win one of three 27"x 40" teaser posters signed by dozens of people who worked on the films and were interviewed in the documentary.[49] Michael Gingold of Fangoria felt the filmmakers did an amazing job bringing together all of the behind-the-scenes footage, picture,s never-before-seen deleted scenes, FX-scenes, and other "treasures". Gingold noted that even die-hard fans would find something new.[50] Bloody Disgusting's Ryan Daley praised the film for being educational, and looking at the legacy of both A Nightmare on Elm Street and New Line Cinema. Daley believed that there was no better horror documentary.[51] Nick Hyman of Under the Radar noted that Never Sleep Again, unlike the earlier His Name Was Jason documentary, provided a more candid interview process with the people involved. Hyman pointed out that the best part of the documentary is the look at New Line's success through the Elm Street franchise, and the financial struggles and deadlines that plagued the film series.[52]

Television

Main article: Freddy's Nightmares

Beginning on October 9, 1988, Freddy's Nightmares was an anthology series, in the vein of The Twilight Zone, which featured different horror stories each week. The show was hosted by Freddy Krueger, with Robert Englund reprising his role from the films, who was more of a background character, but he did show up occasionally to influence the plot of particular episodes. The series ran for two seasons, 44 episodes, ending March 10, 1990.[53] Although most of the episodes did not feature Freddy taking a major role in the plot, the pilot episode "No More Mr. Nice Guy" depicts the events of Krueger's trial, and his subsequent death at the hands of the parents of Elm Street after his acquittal. Directed by Tobe Hooper, creator of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, Freddy's acquittal is based on the arresting officer, Lt. Tim Blocker, not reading him his Miranda rights, which is different from the original Nightmare that stated he was acquitted because someone forgot to sign a search warrant. After the town's parents burn Freddy to death he returns to haunt Blocker in his dreams. Freddy gets his revenge when Blocker is put to sleep at the dentist's office, and Freddy shows up and kills him.[54]

Literature

Novels

Between 1987 and 2003, Freddy Krueger appeared in the novelization of each of the films. The first five films were adapted by St. Martins Press. Those adaptations follow the films closely, with minor changes to specific details that occurred in the film. A Nightmare on Elm Street 3 does not follow the respective film, instead utilizing the same plot elements to tell a different story altogether. This novel also provides a different backstory for Freddy.[55][56] In 1992, Abdo & Daughters Publishing Company released adaptations of their own for the first six films. Written by Bob Italia, each was under one hundred pages and followed the films' plot.[57][58][59][60][61][62] The final two books, Wes Craven's New Nightmare and Freddy vs. Jason, were published by Tor Books and Black Flame. These novels also followed the films closely, with the adaptation of Freddy vs. Jason containing a different ending than the movie.[63][64]

Comic books

Merchandise

Funko released in February 2010 a Freddy Bobblehead.[65] Also in 2010, NECA plans to release a 10" puppet of Freddy Krueger from Phillip's death scene in A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors,[66] a metal replica of his glove, and two action figures: Freddy before he was burned and the other being him after the burning which will include two interchangeable heads.[67]

Video games

NES release

A Nightmare on Elm Street is the shared name of two unrelated video games released in 1989, both loosely based on the series. From among those films, Dream Warriors and The Dream Master were particular influences on the gameplay of each.

LJN released one title for the NES, and Monarch Software the other for the Commodore 64 and IBM PC compatibles.

Up to four players control characters who jump and punch their way through Elm Street locations as they collect the bones of Freddy Krueger to place them in a furnace and end his reign of terror. Each character can withstand only four hits from opponents before losing a life. With four players two of the characters appear as females.

An on-screen meter slowly diminishes (more quickly when sustaining damage), representing how close a particular character is to falling asleep. Obtaining cups of coffee within the game restores characters' sleep bar. When any character's sleep bar empties, all the players are transported to the dream world, where enemies take on new appearances and are more difficult to defeat. In the dream world, coffee cups are replaced with radios, which return the characters to the normal world and difficulty.

Also, Dream Warrior icons appear that, once collected by any player, permit transformation into one of three "Dream Warriors". Each warrior has a projectile attack and improved movement: ninja (throwing stars, jump kick), acrobat (javelins, somersault), and magician (fireballs, hovering). These icons appear only in the normal world, and can be used only in the dream. If a character remains asleep too long, the film's theme song plays and a combative encounter with Freddy ensues.

Upon collecting all the bones in a level, the player is automatically put in the dream world and battles Freddy, who takes on a special form similar to those presented in the films. The final level is set at Elm Street High School as players navigate to the boiler room to burn Freddy's bones. Here one final battle with Freddy Krueger occurs.

The game can utilize the NES Four Score or NES Satellite accessories to enable four-player gameplay.

C64/IBM-PC release

The game produced by Monarch Software differs greatly from that for the NES. Developed by Westwood Associates, its role-playing elements and overhead viewpoint bear some similarity to Gauntlet. The player chooses to play as either Kincaid, Kristen, Will, Nancy, or Taryn on a quest to save Joey and defeat Freddy.

The player must locate keys to open doors. Weapons and items are scattered about the levels or can be purchased from vending machines. Enemies are varied, from skeletons to wheelchairs. Freddy assumes the role of "boss monster" and transforms into a snake, much like his appearance in A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors.

References

  1. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street Boxset". Amazon. Retrieved 2008-04-14.
  2. ^ a b Guido Henkel (1999-08-11). "A Nightmare on Elm Street DVD Box set". DVD Review. Retrieved 2008-04-14.
  3. ^ a b "A Nightmare on Elm Street box office rankings". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  4. ^ Wes Craven (Director) (1984). A Nightmare on Elm Street (DVD). United States: New Line Cinema.
  5. ^ Jack Sholder (Director) (1985). A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge (DVD). United States: New Line Cinema.
  6. ^ Chuck Russell (Director) (1987). A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors (DVD). United States: New Line Cinema.
  7. ^ Renny Harlin (Director) (1988). A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master (DVD). United States: New Line Cinema.
  8. ^ Stephen Hopkins (Director) (1989). A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child (DVD). United States: New Line Cinema.
  9. ^ Rachel Talalay (Director) (1991). Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare (DVD). United States: New Line Cinema.
  10. ^ Wes Craven (Director) (1994). Wes Craven's New Nightmare (DVD). [United States: New Line Cinema.
  11. ^ Ronny Yu (Director) (2003). Freddy vs. Jason (DVD). United States: New Line Cinema.
  12. ^ Samuel Bayer (Director) (2010). A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010 film). United States: New Line Cinema.
  13. ^ Michael Fleming (2008-01-29). "New Line sets up new 'Nightmare'". Variety. Retrieved 2008-01-29.
  14. ^ Steven Zeitchik (2009-02-11). "A director moves onto (Nightmare on) Elm Street". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  15. ^ "That's a Wrap on Nightmare on Elm Street". Brad Fuller. Shock Till You Drop. July 10, 2009. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
  16. ^ "Nightmare on Elm Street Sets Release Date". Shock Till You Drop. 2009-03-05. Retrieved 2009-03-06.
  17. ^ Joshua Rich (2009-04-03). "'Nightmare on Elm Street' reboot: Jackie Earle Haley to play Freddy Krueger". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
  18. ^ de Semlyen, Phil (2009-04-23). "Rooney Mara Joins Elm Street Remake". Empire. Retrieved 2009-04-30.
  19. ^ "Tom's Inflation Calculator". Half Hill. Retrieved 2009-02-19.
  20. ^ "Friday the 13th box office ranking". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 2008-01-17. {{cite web}}: Text "b" ignored (help)
  21. ^ "The Hannibal Lector series box office rankings". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  22. ^ "Halloween box office rankings". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  23. ^ "Scream box office rankings". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  24. ^ "Saw box office rankings". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
  25. ^ "Psycho box office rankings". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  26. ^ "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre box office rankings". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  27. ^ "Child's Play box office rankings". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  28. ^ John Kenneth Muir (2004-02-24). Wes Craven: The Art of Horror. McFarland. p. 18. ISBN 0786419237.
  29. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
  30. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street 2 budget". The-Numbers. Nash Information Services. Retrieved 2008-01-24. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
  31. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Dead (1985)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
  32. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street 3 budget". The-Numbers. Nash Information Services. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
  33. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors (1987)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
  34. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street 4 budget". The-Numbers. Nash Information Services. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
  35. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master (1988)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
  36. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street 5 budget". The-Numbers. Nash Information Services. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
  37. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child (1989)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
  38. ^ "Freddy's Dead budget". The-Numbers. Nash Information Services. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
  39. ^ "Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare (1991)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
  40. ^ "New Nightmare budget". The-Numbers. Nash Information Services. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
  41. ^ "Wes Craven's New Nightmare (1994)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
  42. ^ "Freddy VS. Jason budget". The-Numbers. Nash Information Services. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
  43. ^ "Freddy vs. Jason (2003)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 2007-06-12.
  44. ^ Fritz, Ben (2010-04-29). "Movie projector: 'Nightmare' to rule at home with $30 million while 'Iron Man 2' explodes to $100 million-plus overseas". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved 2010-04-30. The new "Nightmare" isn't expected to do quite that well but should still be a solid performer for the studio given its production budget of about $35 million.
  45. ^ "A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010) main page". Box Office Mojo. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2010-05-12.
  46. ^ Michael Gingold (September 21, 2009). "Exclusive promo art, comments on Nightmare docu Never Sleep Again". Fangoria. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
  47. ^ "Interview: Up All Night With "Never Sleep Again"". Fangoria. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
  48. ^ "Interview: Never Sleep Again: Dan Farrands, Andrew Kasch and Thommy Hutson Speak!". Dread Central. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
  49. ^ Joseph McCabe (2010-04-20). "Get a Free 'Elm Street' Poster Signed by Nancy". FearNet. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
  50. ^ Gingold, Michael. "DVD review: Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy". Fangoria. Retrieved May 16, 2010.
  51. ^ Daley, Ryan. "review: Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
  52. ^ Hyman, Nick. "review: Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy". Under The Radar. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
  53. ^ "Freddy's Nightmares DVD". TV Addicts. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
  54. ^ ""No More Mr. Nice Guy" summary". I-Mockery.com. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
  55. ^ Jeffrey Cooper (1987). The Nightmares on Elm Street Parts 1, 2, 3: The Continuing Story. St. Martins Mass Market Paper. p. 216. ISBN 0312905173. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  56. ^ Joseph Locke (1989). The Nightmares on Elm Street Parts 4 & 5. St. Martins Press. p. 188. ISBN 0312917643. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  57. ^ Bob Italia (1992). The Nightmares on Elm Street. Abdo & Daughters Publishing. p. 64. ISBN 1562391569.
  58. ^ Bob Italia (1992). The Nightmares on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenger. Abdo & Daughters Publishing. p. 64. ISBN 1562391577.
  59. ^ Bob Italia (1992). The Nightmares on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors. Abdo & Daughters Publishing. p. 64. ISBN 1562391585.
  60. ^ Bob Italia (1992). The Nightmares on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master. Abdo & Daughters Publishing. p. 64. ISBN 1562391593.
  61. ^ Bob Italia (1992). The Nightmares on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child. Abdo & Daughters Publishing. p. 64. ISBN 1562391607. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  62. ^ Bob Italia (1992). Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare. Abdo & Daughters Publishing. p. 64. ISBN 1562391615. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  63. ^ David Bergantino (1994-11-15). Wes Craven's New Nightmare. Tor Books. p. 216. ISBN 0812551664.
  64. ^ Stephen Hand (2003-07-29). Freddy vs. Jason. Black Flame. ISBN 1844160599.
  65. ^ Freddy Is Ready to Bobble in Your Dreams
  66. ^ "Toy Fair '10: NECA's Incredibly Creepy Freddy Krueger Puppet". Bloody Disgusting. February 14, 2010. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
  67. ^ "Toy Fair '10: New Freddy Krueger Figures Reveal New Glove?!?!". Bloody Disgusting. February 14, 2010. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
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