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Alan Rickman

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Alan Rickman
Rickman in November 2011
Born
Alan Sidney Patrick Rickman

(1946-02-21)21 February 1946
Acton, London, England, UK
Died14 January 2016(2016-01-14) (aged 69)
London, England, UK
Cause of deathPancreatic cancer
Occupation(s)Actor, director
Years active1978–2016
Spouse(s)
​
​
(m. 2012; "his death" is deprecated; use "died" instead. 2016)​

Alan Sidney Patrick Rickman (21 February 1946 – 14 January 2016) was an English actor and director, known for playing a variety of roles on stage and screen. Rickman trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, and was a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company, performing in modern and classical theatre productions. His first big television part came in 1982, but his big break was as the Vicomte de Valmont in the stage production of Les Liaisons Dangereuses in 1985, for which he was nominated for a Tony Award. Rickman gained wider notice for his film performances as Hans Gruber in Die Hard and Severus Snape in the Harry Potter film series.

Rickman's other film roles included the Sheriff of Nottingham in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves, for which he received the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Jamie in Truly, Madly, Deeply, Colonel Brandon in Ang Lee's Sense and Sensibility, the title character in Rasputin: Dark Servant of Destiny, which won him a Golden Globe, an Emmy and a Screen Actors Guild Award, Harry in Love Actually, P. L. O'Hara in An Awfully Big Adventure, Alexander Dane in Galaxy Quest and Judge Turpin in the film adaptation of Stephen Sondheim's musical of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street.

Rickman died of pancreatic cancer on 14 January 2016 at the age of 69. His final film role is as the voice of Absolem in Alice Through the Looking Glass, which will be released in May 2016.

Early life

Rickman was born in Acton, London,[1][2] to a working-class family, the son of Margaret Doreen Rose (Bartlett), a housewife, and Bernard Rickman, a factory worker.[3] His ancestry was English, Irish and Welsh;[4] his father was Catholic and his mother a Methodist.[5][6] His family included an older brother, David (b. 1944), a graphic designer; a younger brother, Michael (b. 1947), a tennis coach; and a younger sister, Sheila (b. 1950).[5][7] Rickman attended Derwentwater Primary School in Acton, a school that followed the Montessori method of education.[8]

When he was eight years old, Rickman's father died, leaving his mother to raise him and his three siblings mostly alone. She married again, but divorced his stepfather after three years. "There was one love in her life", Rickman later said of her.[5] He excelled at calligraphy and watercolour painting. He attended Derwentwater Junior School, and then Latymer Upper School in London through the Direct Grant system, where he became involved in drama. After leaving Latymer, he attended Chelsea College of Art and Design and then the Royal College of Art. This education allowed him to work as a graphic designer for the Notting Hill Herald, which Rickman considered a more stable occupation than acting. "Drama school wasn't considered the sensible thing to do at 18".[9]

After graduation, Rickman and several friends opened a graphic design studio called Graphiti, but after three years of successful business, he decided that if he was going to pursue acting professionally, it was now or never. He wrote to request an audition with the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA),[10] which he attended from 1972 until 1974. While there, he studied Shakespeare and supported himself by working as a dresser for Sir Nigel Hawthorne and Sir Ralph Richardson.[11]

Career

Rickman in December 2009

After graduating from RADA, Rickman worked extensively with British repertory and experimental theatre groups in productions including Chekhov's The Seagull and Snoo Wilson's The Grass Widow at the Royal Court Theatre, and appeared three times at the Edinburgh International Festival. In 1978, he performed with the Court Drama Group, gaining parts in Romeo and Juliet and A View from the Bridge, among other plays. While working with the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) he was cast in As You Like It. He appeared in The Barchester Chronicles (1982), the BBC's adaptation of Trollope's first two Barchester novels, as the Reverend Obadiah Slope.[12][13]

He was given the male lead, the Vicomte de Valmont, in the 1985 Royal Shakespeare Company production of Christopher Hampton's adaptation of Les Liaisons Dangereuses, directed by Howard Davies.[14] After the RSC production transferred to Broadway in 1987, Rickman received both a Tony Award nomination and a Drama Desk Award nomination for his performance.[15]

Rickman's career was filled with a wide variety of roles. He played romantic leads like Colonel Brandon in Sense and Sensibility (1995) and Jamie in Truly, Madly, Deeply (1991); numerous villains in Hollywood big-budget films, like German terrorist Hans Gruber in Die Hard (1988) and the Sheriff of Nottingham in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991); and the occasional television role such as the "mad monk" Rasputin in the HBO biopic Rasputin: Dark Servant of Destiny (1996), for which he won a Golden Globe and an Emmy.[16]

His role as Hans Gruber in Die Hard earned him a spot on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains list as the 46th best villain in film history, though he revealed he almost did not take the role as he did not think Die Hard was the kind of film he wanted to make.[17] His performance as the Sheriff of Nottingham in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves also earned him praise as one of the best actors to portray a villain in films.[18][19]

Rickman took issue with being typecast as a villain, even though he was known for playing "unsympathetic characters".[20] His portrayal of Severus Snape, the potions master in the Harry Potter series (2001–2011), was dark, but the character's motivations were not clear early on.[21] During his career Rickman played comedic roles, including as Sir Alexander Dane/Dr. Lazarus in the science fiction parody Galaxy Quest (1999), portraying the angel Metatron, the voice of God, in Dogma (also 1999), appearing as Emma Thompson's foolish husband Harry in the British Christmas-themed romantic comedy Love Actually (2003), providing the voice of Marvin the Paranoid Android in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005) and the egotistical, Nobel Prize-winning father in Nobel Son (2007).[22]

Rickman at the 2007 Tribeca Film Festival

Rickman was nominated for an Emmy for his work as Dr. Alfred Blalock in HBO's Something the Lord Made (2004). He also starred in the independent film Snow Cake (2006) with Sigourney Weaver and Carrie-Anne Moss, which had its debut at the Berlin International Film Festival, and Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (also 2006), directed by Tom Tykwer. Rickman appeared as the evil Judge Turpin in the critically acclaimed Tim Burton film Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007) alongside Harry Potter co-stars Helena Bonham Carter and Timothy Spall. Rickman provided the voice of Absolem the Caterpillar in Burton's film Alice in Wonderland (2010).[22][23]

He performed onstage in Noël Coward's romantic comedy Private Lives, which transferred to Broadway after its successful run in London at the Albery Theatre and ended in September 2002; he reunited with his Les Liaisons Dangereuses co-star Lindsay Duncan and director Howard Davies in the Tony Award-winning production. His previous stage performance was in Antony and Cleopatra in 1998 as Mark Antony with Helen Mirren as Cleopatra, in the Royal National Theatre's production at the Olivier Theatre in London, which ran from 20 October to 3 December 1998. Rickman appeared in Victoria Wood with All The Trimmings (2000), a Christmas special with Victoria Wood, playing an aged colonel in the battle of Waterloo who is forced to break off his engagement to Honeysuckle Weeks' character.[22]

Rickman also directed The Winter Guest at London's Almeida Theatre in 1995 and the film version of the same play, released in 1997, starring Emma Thompson and her real-life mother Phyllida Law.[24] With Katharine Viner he compiled the play My Name Is Rachel Corrie, and directed the premiere production at the Royal Court Theatre, which opened in April 2005. He won the Theatre Goers' Choice Awards for Best Director. Rickman befriended the Corrie family and earned their trust, and the show was warmly received in London in 2005. But the next year, its original New York production was "postponed" over the possibility of boycotts and protests from those who saw it as "anti-Israeli agit-prop". Rickman denounced "censorship born out of fear". Tony Kushner, Harold Pinter and Vanessa Redgrave, among others, criticised the decision to indefinitely delay the show. The one-woman play was put on later that year at another theatre to mixed reviews, and has since been staged at venues around the world.[25]

In 2009, Rickman was awarded the James Joyce Award by University College Dublin's Literary and Historical Society.[12] In October and November 2010, Rickman starred in the eponymous role in Henrik Ibsen's John Gabriel Borkman at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin alongside Lindsay Duncan and Fiona Shaw.[26] The Irish Independent called Rickman's performance breathtaking.[27]

Rickman and Kate Winslet at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival

Rickman again appeared as Severus Snape in the final instalment in the Harry Potter series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). Throughout the series, his portrayal of Snape garnered widespread critical acclaim.[28] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times said Rickman "as always, makes the most lasting impression,"[29] while Peter Travers of Rolling Stone magazine called Rickman "sublime at giving us a glimpse at last into the secret nurturing heart that ... Snape masks with a sneer."[30]

Media coverage characterised Rickman's performance as worthy of nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.[31] His first award nominations for his role as Snape came at the 2011 Alliance of Women Film Journalists Awards, 2011 Saturn Awards, 2011 Scream Awards and 2011 St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Awards in the Best Supporting Actor category.[32]

On 21 November 2011, Rickman opened in Seminar, a new play by Theresa Rebeck, at the John Golden Theatre on Broadway.[33] Rickman, who left the production on 1 April, won the Broadway.com Audience Choice Award for Favorite Actor in a Play[34] and was nominated for a Drama League Award.[35]

Rickman starred with Colin Firth and Cameron Diaz in Gambit (2012) by Michael Hoffman, a remake of the 1966 film.[36] In 2013, he played Hilly Kristal, the founder of the East Village punk-rock club CBGB, in the CBGB film with Rupert Grint.[37]

In the media

Rickman posing for a fan after a performance of John Gabriel Borkman in 2011

Rickman was chosen by Empire as one of the 100 Sexiest Stars in film history (No. 34) in 1995 and ranked No. 59 in Empire's "The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time" list in October 1997. In 2009 and 2010 Rickman ranked once again as one of the 100 Sexiest Stars by Empire, both times placing No. 8 out of the 50 actors chosen. Rickman was elected to the Council of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in 1993; he was subsequently RADA's Vice-Chairman and a member of its Artistic Advisory and Training committees and Development Board.[38]

He was voted No. 19 in Empire magazine's Greatest Living Movie Stars over the age of 50 and was twice nominated for Broadway's Tony Award as Best Actor (Play): in 1987 for Les Liaisons Dangereuses, and in 2002 for a revival of Noël Coward's Private Lives. The Guardian named Rickman as an "honourable mention" in a list of the best actors never to have received an Academy Award nomination.[39]

Two researchers, a linguist and a sound engineer, found "the perfect [male] voice" to be a combination of Rickman's and Jeremy Irons's voices based on a sample of 50 voices.[40]

Rickman featured in several musical works, including a song composed by Adam Leonard entitled "Not Alan Rickman".[41] The actor played a "Master of Ceremonies" part, announcing the various instruments in Mike Oldfield's Tubular Bells II (1992) on the track "The Bell".[42] Rickman was one of the many artists who recited Shakespearian sonnets on the album When Love Speaks (2002), and is also featured prominently in a music video by Texas entitled "In Demand",[43] which premiered on Europe MTV in August 2000.

Personal life

In 1965, at the age of 19, Rickman met 18-year-old Rima Horton, who became his first girlfriend and would later be a Labour Party councillor on the Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council (1986–2006) and an economics lecturer at the nearby Kingston University.[44][45] In 2015, Rickman confirmed that they had married in a private ceremony in New York City in 2012. They lived together from 1977 until his death in January 2016.[46]

Rickman was an active patron of the research foundation Saving Faces;[47] and honorary president of the International Performers' Aid Trust, a charity that works to fight poverty amongst performing artists all over the world.[48] When discussing politics, Rickman said he "was born a card-carrying member of the Labour Party".[13]

Rickman was the godfather of fellow actor Tom Burke.[49]

Illness and death

Wikinews has related news:

In August 2015, Rickman suffered a minor stroke, which led to the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. He concealed the fact that he was terminally ill from all but his closest confidants.[50] On 14 January 2016, Rickman died in a London hospital, surrounded by friends and relatives.[51] Soon after, his fans created a memorial underneath the "Platform 9¾" sign at London King's Cross railway station.[52]

Tributes from Rickman's co-stars and contemporaries appeared on social media following the announcement; since his cancer was not publicly known, some—like Ralph Fiennes, who "cannot believe he is gone", and Jason Isaacs, who was "sidestepped by the awful news"—expressed their surprise.[44] Harry Potter creator J. K. Rowling called Rickman "a magnificent actor and a wonderful man". Emma Watson wrote, "I feel so lucky to have worked and spent time with such a special man and actor. I'll really miss our conversations". Daniel Radcliffe appreciated his loyalty and support. "I'm pretty sure he came and saw everything I ever did on stage both in London and New York. He didn't have to do that".[53] Evanna Lynch said it was scary to bump into Rickman in character as Snape, but "he was so kind and generous in the moments he wasn't Snaping about".[54] Rupert Grint said, "even though he has gone I will always hear his voice".[44]

Kate Winslet, who gave a tearful tribute at the London Film Critics' Circle Awards, remembered Rickman as warm and generous.[55] "And that voice! Oh, that voice." Dame Helen Mirren said his voice "could suggest honey or a hidden stiletto blade."[44] Emma Thompson remembered "the intransigence which made him the great artist he was—his ineffable and cynical wit, the clarity with which he saw most things, including me ... I learned a lot from him."[53] Colin Firth told The Hollywood Reporter that, as an actor, Rickman had been a mentor.[56] John McTiernan, director of Die Hard, said Rickman was the antithesis of the villainous roles for which he was most famous on screen.[57] Sir Ian McKellen wrote, "behind [Rickman's] mournful face, which was just as beautiful when wracked with mirth, there was a super-active spirit, questing and achieving, a super-hero, unassuming but deadly effective."[53]

Filmography

Year Title Role Notes
1978 Romeo and Juliet Tybalt BBC Television Shakespeare
1980 Thérèse Raquin Vidal BBC serial
1980 Shelley Clive Episode No. 1.7
1982 Busted Simon BBC TV film
1982 Smiley's People Mr Brownlow Episode No. 1.2
1982 The Barchester Chronicles The Revd Obadiah Slope BBC serial
1985 Summer Season Croop BBC TV series
1985 Girls on Top Dimitri / Voice of RADA CIT TV series
1988 Die Hard Hans Gruber
1989 Revolutionary Witness Jacques Roux BBC TV short
1989 The January Man Ed, the painter
1989 Screenplay Israel Yates BBC TV series
1990 Quigley Down Under Elliot Marston
1991 Truly, Madly, Deeply Jamie
1991 Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves Sheriff of Nottingham
1991 Close My Eyes Sinclair Bryant
1991 Closet Land The Interrogator
1992 Bob Roberts Lukas Hart III
1993 Fallen Angels Dwight Billings TV series
1994 Mesmer Franz Mesmer
1995 An Awfully Big Adventure P.L. O'Hara
1995 Sense and Sensibility Colonel Brandon
1996 Rasputin: Dark Servant of Destiny Grigori Rasputin
1996 Michael Collins Éamon de Valera
1996 Castle Ghosts of Ireland Tyde Documentary
1997 The Winter Guest Man in street (uncredited) Also director and co-writer
1998 Judas Kiss Detective David Friedman
1998 Dark Harbor David Weinberg
1999 Dogma The Metatron
1999 Galaxy Quest Alexander Dane/Dr Lazarus
2000 Help! I'm a Fish Joe (voice)
2001 Play Man
2001 Blow Dry Phil Allen
2001 Land of the Mammoth Cro Magnon hunter Documentary
2001 The Search for John Gissing John Gissing
2001 Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Severus Snape Also released as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone
2002 Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Severus Snape
2002 King of the Hill King Philip (voice) Episode: "Joust Like a Woman"
2003 Love Actually Harry
2004 Something the Lord Made Dr Alfred Blalock
2004 Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Severus Snape
2005 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Severus Snape
2005 The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Marvin the Paranoid Android (voice)
2006 Perfume: The Story of a Murderer Antoine Richis
2006 Snow Cake Alex Hughes
2007 Nobel Son Eli Michaelson
2007 Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Severus Snape
2007 Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street Judge Turpin
2008 Bottle Shock Steven Spurrier
2009 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Severus Snape
2010 Alice in Wonderland Absolem the Caterpillar (voice)
2010 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 Severus Snape
2010 The Wildest Dream Noel Odell (voice) National Geographic documentary
2010 The Song of Lunch He BBC Drama Production[58]
2011 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 Severus Snape
2011 The Boy in the Bubble Narrator Animated short film
2011 Back at the Barnyard General Alien Episode: "Aliens"
2012 Gambit Lord Shahbandar
2013 The Butler Ronald Reagan
2013 A Promise Karl Hoffmeister
2013 CBGB Hilly Kristal
2013 Dust Todd
2015 A Little Chaos King Louis XIV Also director and co-writer
2015 Eye in the Sky Lieutenant General Frank Benson Theatrical release: 8 April 2016[59]
2016 Alice Through the Looking Glass Absolem the Caterpillar (voice) Theatrical release: 27 May 2016[59] (posthumous)

Awards and nominations

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Alan Rickman

References

  1. ^ Profile, biography.com; accessed 14 January 2016.
  2. ^ Paton, Maureen (1996). Alan Rickman: the unauthorised biography. London: Virgin. ISBN 1852276304.
  3. ^ Solway, Diane (August 1991). "Profile: Alan Rickman". European Travel and Life. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2007. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ White, Hilary A. (13 April 2015). "Alan Rickman – A working-class hero at the court of Versailles". Independent.ie. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  5. ^ a b c Mackenzie, Suzie (3 January 1998). "Angel with Horns". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2007. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Biography for Alan Rickman at IMDb
  7. ^ England & Wales births 1837–2006. General Register Office. England and Wales Civil Registration Indexes. London, England: General Register Office. Print.
  8. ^ Maureen Paton (1996). Alan Rickman – The Unauthorised Biography. Virgin Books. ISBN 0-7535-0754-4.
  9. ^ "THE DEVIL IN MR RICKMAN". btinternet.com. Archived from the original on 22 April 2001.
  10. ^ "Interview: Evil Elegance". Alan-rickman.com. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Interview Alan Rickman, abouthp.free.fr; accessed 20 December 2007.
  12. ^ a b Staff (14 January 2016). "British actor Alan Rickman dies aged 69". RTÉ.ie. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  13. ^ a b Shoard, Catherine (14 January 2016). "Alan Rickman, giant of British screen and stage, dies at 69". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  14. ^ Rich, Frank (1 May 1987). "Stage: Carnal abandon in Les Liaisons Dangereuses". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  15. ^ Brooks, Katherine (14 January 2016). "Alan Rickman Was A Great Film Actor, But He Was A Master Of Theater First". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  16. ^ "Alan Rickman". Television Academy.
  17. ^ "Alan Rickman: A Life in Pictures Highlights". BAFTA Guru. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
  18. ^ The Screening Room's Top 10 British Villains, CNN.com; accessed 14 January 2016.
  19. ^ Pop Culture News TOUGH ACTOR TO FOLLOW, ew.com; accessed 14 January 2016.
  20. ^ "Alan Rickman, Obituary". The Sydney Morning Herald. 16 January 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  21. ^ Berman, Craig (16 July 2007). "Is Potter's foe, Severus Snape, good or evil?". TODAY. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  22. ^ a b c Alan Rickman at IMDb
  23. ^ Coveney, Michael (14 January 2016). "Alan Rickman obituary". The Guardian. London, UK. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  24. ^ "Film: Em and Phyllida keep it in the family". The Independent. 15 January 2015.
  25. ^ Bernstein, Adam (14 January 2016). "Alan Rickman, actor who brought dynamic menace to Die Hard and Harry Potter, dies at 69". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  26. ^ "Abbey Theatre – Amharclann na Mainistreach". Abbeytheatre.ie. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ Staff (17 October 2010). "Stars set stage alight in Ibsen's dark tale". The Irish Independent. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  28. ^ Singh, Anita (7 July 2011). "Daniel Radcliffe: Alan Rickman deserves Oscar nomination for Severus Snape". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
  29. ^ Turan, Kenneth (13 July 2011). "Movie review: 'Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows — Part 2'". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
  30. ^ Travers, Peter (13 July 2011). "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Part 2". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
  31. ^ Schwartz, Terri (9 November 2011). "'Harry Potter And The Deathly Hallows' For Your Consideration Oscars Ad Launched". MTV. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
       "Harry Potter: Alan Rickman Destined for Oscar Nomination?". International Business Times. The International Business Times Inc. 15 July 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
       Ellwood, Gregory (17 July 2011). "Alan Rickman may be 'Harry Potter's' best shot at Oscar". HitFix. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  32. ^ "Alliance of Women Film Journalists Awards 2011". Movie City News. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  33. ^ Brantley, Ben (20 November 2011). "Shredding Egos, One Semicolon at a Time — 'Seminar' by Theresa Rebeck, a review". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
  34. ^ Brantley, Ben (15 May 2012). "Alan Rickman's Broadway.com Audience Choice Award Win Brings Back Memories of a 'Very Good Time' in Seminar". Broadway.com. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
  35. ^ Brantley, Ben (24 April 2012). "2012 Drama League Award Nominations Announced!". Broadwayworld.com. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
  36. ^ "A Caper by the Coens, With a Fake Monet". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  37. ^ Kit, Borys (12 September 2012). The New York Times (ed.). "Alan Rickman to Play CBGB Founder in Biopic".
  38. ^ Staff (14 January 2016). "Alan Rickman, 1946–2016". Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  39. ^ Singer, Leigh (19 February 2009). "Oscars: the best actors never to have been nominated". The Guardian. London, UK.
  40. ^ "Formula 'secret of perfect voice'". BBC News. 30 May 2008. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  41. ^ "Leonardism (2007)". Themessagetapes.com (Adam Leonard's website). Retrieved 12 February 2011.
  42. ^ "Tubular Bells II". Tubular.net. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
  43. ^ "Biography of Alan Rickman". Dominic Wills/Talktalk.co.uk. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
  44. ^ a b c d Shoard, Catherine; Spencer, Liese; Wiegand, Chris; Groves, Nancy; Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (14 January 2016). "'We are all so devastated': acting world pays tribute to Alan Rickman". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  45. ^ McGlone, Jackie (31 July 2006). "A man for all seasons". The Scotsman. Edinburgh. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  46. ^ Chiu, Melody (23 April 2015). "Alan Rickman and Longtime Love Rima Horton Secretly Wed 3 Years Ago". People. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  47. ^ Staff (14 January 2016). "Our Beloved Patron Alan Rickman Passed Away Today". Saving Faces. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  48. ^ Rickman, Alan. "A message from the President". IPAT. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  49. ^ Amer, Matthew (26 July 2012). "My place: Tom Burke". Official London Theatre. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  50. ^ Friedman, Roger (15 January 2016). "Source: Alan Rickman Had Pancreatic Cancer, And Not For Very Long – Came to NY in December". Showbiz411. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  51. ^ Staff (14 January 2016). "Alan Rickman, Harry Potter and Die Hard actor, dies aged 69". BBC News. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  52. ^ Gettell, Oliver (14 January 2016). "Harry Potter fans honor Alan Rickman at Platform 9¾". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  53. ^ a b c Park, Andrea (14 January 2016). "Stars mourn Alan Rickman on social media". CBS News. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  54. ^ Lynch, Evanna [@Evy_Lynch] (14 January 2016). "I'll also never forget how scary it was to accidentally bump into him as Snape ..." (Tweet). Retrieved 14 January 2016 – via Twitter.
       Lynch, Evanna [@Evy_Lynch] (14 January 2016). "Am not prepared for a world without Alan Rickman ..." (Tweet). Retrieved 14 January 2016 – via Twitter.
  55. ^ Shahrestani, Vin (18 January 2016). "Kate Winslet tearfully remembers Alan Rickman at awards". The Telegraph. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  56. ^ Westbrook, Caroline (20 January 2016). "Colin Firth pays touching tribute to Alan Rickman, saying he was 'in awe' of the actor". Metro.co.uk. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  57. ^ McTiernan, John (19 January 2016). "Die Hard Director John McTiernan on Alan Rickman: 'He Had a Gift for Playing Terrifying People'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  58. ^ "The Song Of Lunch – Alan Rickman". BBC. 16 September 2010. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  59. ^ a b Loughrey, Clarisse (14 January 2016). "Alan Rickman movies: Late actor has two more films out this year". The Independent. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
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