Arthur Leonard Schawlow

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Arthur Leonard Schawlow
Arthur Leonard Schawlow
Born(1921-05-05)May 5, 1921
Mount Vernon, New York, U.S.
DiedApril 28, 1999(1999-04-28) (aged 77)
Palo Alto, California, U.S.
NationalityUnited States
Alma materUniversity of Toronto
Known forlaser spectroscopy
SpouseAurelia Townes (m. 1951; 3 children)
AwardsStuart Ballantine Medal (1962)
Marconi Prize (1977)
Nobel Prize for Physics (1981)
National Medal of Science (1991)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsBell Labs
Columbia University
Stanford University
Doctoral advisorMalcolm Crawford

Arthur Leonard Schawlow (May 5, 1921 – April 28, 1999) was an American physicist. He shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nicolaas Bloembergen and Kai Siegbahn for his work on lasers.[1][2]

Biography

Schawlow was born in Mount Vernon, New York. His mother, Helen (Mason), was from Canada, and his father, Arthur Schawlow, was a Jewish immigrant from Riga, then Russian Empire (now Latvia; Schawlow was raised in his mother's Protestant religion).[3] When Arthur was three years old, they moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

At the age of 16 he completed high school at Vaughan Road Academy (then Vaughan Collegiate Institute) and received a scholarship in science at the University of Toronto (Victoria College). After earning his undergraduate degree Schawlow continued in graduate school at the University of Toronto which was interrupted due to World War II. At the end of the war he began work on his Ph.D at U of T with Professor Malcolm Crawford. He then took a postdoctoral position with Charles Townes at the physics department of Columbia University in the fall of 1949.

In 1951, he married Aurelia Townes, younger sister to physicist Charles Hard Townes, and together they had three children; Arthur Jr., Helen, and Edith. Arthur Jr. was autistic, with very little speech ability.

He considered himself to be an orthodox Protestant Christian and attended a Methodist church.[3]

He went on to accept a position at Bell Labs in late 1951. He left in 1961 to join the faculty at Stanford University as a professor. He remained until he retired to emeritus status in 1996.

Schawlow and Professor Robert Hofstadter at Stanford, who also had an autistic child, teamed up to help each other find solutions to the condition. Arthur Jr. was put in a special center for autistic individuals, and later Schawlow put together an institution to care for people with autism in Paradise, California. It was later named the Arthur Schawlow Center in 1999, shortly before his death on the 29th of April 1999.

Schawlow was a promoter of the controversial method of facilitated communication with patients of autism.[4]

Although his research focused on optics, in particular, lasers and their use in spectroscopy, he also pursued investigations in the areas of superconductivity and nuclear resonance. Schawlow shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nicolaas Bloembergen and Kai Siegbahn for their contributions to the development of laser spectroscopy.

Schawlow coauthored Microwave Spectroscopy (1955) with Charles Townes. Also with Townes, they prepared a much disputed, by Gordon Gould, laser patent filed by Bell Labs in 1958.

In 1991 the NEC Corporation and the American Physical Society established a prize: the Arthur L. Schawlow Prize in Laser Science. The prize is awarded annually to "candidates who have made outstanding contributions to basic research using lasers."

Schawlow died of leukemia in Palo Alto, California.

Awards

Science and religion

He has participated in science and religion discussions. Regarding God, he stated "I find a need for God in the universe and in my own life."[5]

Arthur Schawlow was an intense fan and collector of traditional American jazz recordings, as well as a supporter of instrumental groups performing this type of music.

Bibliography

  • Schawlow, A L (1995), "Principles of lasers", Journal of clinical laser medicine & surgery, vol. 13, no. 3 (published Jun 1995), pp. 127–30, PMID 10150635
  • Schawlow, AL (1982), "Spectroscopy in a New Light", Science, vol. 217, no. 4554 (published Jul 2, 1982), pp. 9–16, Bibcode:1982Sci...217....9S, doi:10.1126/science.217.4554.9, PMID 17739964
  • Schawlow, AL (1978), "Laser Spectroscopy of Atoms and Molecules", Science, 202 (4364) (published Oct 13, 1978): 141–147, Bibcode:1978Sci...202..141S, doi:10.1126/science.202.4364.141, PMID 17801904
  • McCaul, B W; Schawlow, A L (1969), "Plasma refractive effects in HCN lasers", Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 168, no. 3 (published Feb 10, 1969), pp. 697–702, Bibcode:1969NYASA.168..697M, doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb43154.x, PMID 5273948
  • Schawlow, A L (1966), "Lasers", International ophthalmology clinics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 241–51, doi:10.1097/00004397-196600620-00002, PMID 5958291

See also

Wikiquote has quotations related to Arthur Leonard Schawlow.

References

  1. ^ "Arthur L. Schawlow". IEEE Global History Network. IEEE. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
  2. ^ Hänsch, Theodor W. (December 1999). "Obituary: Arthur Leonard Schawlow". Physics Today. 52 (12): 75–76. Bibcode:1999PhT....52l..75H. doi:10.1063/1.2802854.
  3. ^ a b http://www.adherents.com/people/ps/Arthur_Schawlow.html
  4. ^ http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/1999/may5/schawlowobit-55.html][1]
  5. ^ Margenau, H. (1992), Cosmos, Bios, Theos: Scientists Reflect on Science, God, and the Origins of the Universe, Life, and Homo sapiens, Open Court Publishing Company, p. 105 co-edited with Roy Abraham Varghese. This book is mentioned in a December 28, 1992 Time magazine article: Galileo And Other Faithful Scientists

External links

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