Camino Real de Tierra Adentro

Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
	Map of El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
Location	Mexico and the United States
Governing body	Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (Mexico) National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management (United States)
Website	El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail
UNESCO World Heritage Site

The Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (Spanish for "Royal Road of the Interior Land") was a 2560 kilometer (1,600 mile) long trade route between Mexico City and San Juan Pueblo, New Mexico, from 1598 to 1882.^[1]

In 2010, 55 sites and 5 existing World Heritage Sites along the Mexican section of the route became an entry on the Unesco World Heritage List.^[2] Those sites include historic cities, towns, bridges, haciendas and other monuments along the 1,400km route between the Historic Center of Mexico City (independent World Heritage Site) and the town of Valle de Allende, Chihuahua.

The 404 mile (646 kilometer) section of the route within the United States was proclaimed as a part of the National Historic Trail system on October 13, 2000. El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail is overseen by both the National Park Service and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management with aid from El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Trail Assoc. also known as CARTA. A portion of the trail near San Acacia, New Mexico was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.^[3]

History

Plaque commemorating inscrpition of the Camino Real de Tierra Adentro into the UNESCO World Heritage list.

The trail was used for trade among native tribes since the earliest of times. In 1598, Oñate followed the trail while leading a group of settlers North during the era of Spanish conquest. The duration of the trip from the Rio Grande to the San Juan Pueblo was said to take, by wagon and by foot, approximately 6 months including 2–3 weeks of rest throughout the trip.^[4] According to journals kept by settlers they used common animals found along the trail to add to the food they brought along. The trail greatly improved trade among Spanish villages and helped the Spanish conquistadors spread Christianity throughout the conquered lands. The trail was used from 1598 through 1881 when the railroad replaced the need for wagons. Eventually, railroads replaced rutted trails and over time the trail and evidence of it faded from sight and memory. The changes that the railways brought made trade along El Camino much easier and in some cases made travel quite luxurious and exciting.

List of World Heritage locations

Interior of the Church of San Francisco Javier, part of the Former Jesuit College of San Francisco Javier that now hosts the Museo Nacional del Virreinato.

La Colmena bridge in Tepeji del Río, one of several bridges included in the entry

Presidio in Ojuelos de Jalisco

Hacienda de San Blas in Pabellón de Hidalgo, which now hosts a museum on Mexican Independence.

Sanctuarary of Plateros, famous for its image of the Holy Infant of Atocha.

Ruins of the former mining town of Ojuela

The Camino Real de Tierra Adentro world heritage entry includes the following:^[5]

3

United States Historic Trail

From the Texas-New Mexico border to San Juan Pueblo north of Española, a drivable route, mostly part of former U.S. Route 85, has been designated as a National Scenic Byway called El Camino Real.

Portions of the trade route corridor also contain pedestrian, bicycle, and equestrian trails. These include the existing Paseo del Bosque Trail in Albuquerque and portions of the proposed Rio Grande Trail. Its northern terminus, Santa Fe, is a terminus also of the Old Spanish Trail and the Santa Fe Trail.

Along the trail, parajes (stop overs) that have been preserved today include El Rancho de las Golondrinas.

Fort Craig and Fort Selden are also located along the trail.

CARTA

El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Trail Association (CARTA) is a non-profit trail organization that aims to help promote, educate, and preserve the cultural and historic trail in collaboration with the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs and various Mexican organizations. CARTA publishes an informative journal, Chronicles of the Trail, quarterly that provides people with further history and current affairs of the trail and what CARTA, as an organization, is doing to help the trail.

Chihuahua Trail

The Chihuahua Trail describes this route as it passed from New Mexico through the state of Chihuahua to central Mexico.

In the late 16th century Spanish exploration and colonization had advanced from Mexico City northward by the great central plateau to its ultimate goal in Santa Fe. Until Mexican independence (1821) all communications of New Mexico with the outer world was restricted to this 1,500-mile (2,400 km) trail. Over it came ox carts and mule trains, missionaries and governors, soldiers and colonists. When the Santa Fe Trail sprang up, traders from the United States extended their operations southward over the Chihuahua Trail and beyond to Durango and Zacatecas. Superseded by railroads, the ancient Mexico City-Santa Fe road was revived as a great automobile highway of Mexico. The part in New Mexico, State Highway 85, pioneered by Franciscan missionaries in 1581, may be the oldest highway in the United States.

References

^ Snyder, Rachel Louise. "Camino Real" American Heritage, April/May 2004.
^ "Camino Real de Tierra Adentro – World Heritage List". UNESCO. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
^ "Weekly list of actions 11/03/14 through 11/07/14". National Park Service. Retrieved 2014-11-23.
^ need citation
^ "Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Map". whc.unesco.org.

External links

22°36′29″N 102°22′45″W / 22.60806°N 102.37917°W / 22.60806; -102.37917

[1] Snyder, Rachel Louise. "Camino Real" American Heritage, April/May 2004.

[adentro-2] "Camino Real de Tierra Adentro – World Heritage List". UNESCO. Retrieved 2010-08-05.

[3] "Weekly list of actions 11/03/14 through 11/07/14". National Park Service. Retrieved 2014-11-23.

[4] tation

[5] "Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Map". whc.unesco.org.

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v t e World Heritage Sites in Mexico
North West	Archaeological Zone of Paquimé, Casas Grandes El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California¹ Rock Paintings of Sierra de San Francisco Whale Sanctuary of El Vizcaino
North Central	Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda of Querétaro Historic Centre of Zacatecas Historic Monuments Zone of Querétaro Historic Town of Guanajuato and Adjacent Mines Protected town of San Miguel de Allende and the Sanctuary of Jesús Nazareno de Atotonilco
West	Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila Revillagigedo Archipelago Historic Centre of Morelia Hospicio Cabañas, Guadalajara Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California¹ Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve¹
East	Earliest 16th-century monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl¹ Pre-Hispanic City of El Tajín Historic Centre of Puebla Historic Monuments Zone of Tlacotalpan
South West	Historic Centre of Oaxaca and Archaeological Site of Monte Albán Prehistoric Caves of Yagul and Mitla in the Central Valley of Oaxaca Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of Palenque
South Central	Archaeological Monuments Zone of Xochicalco Aqueduct of Padre Tembleque Hydraulic System Central University City Campus of the UNAM Earliest 16th-century monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl¹ Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco Luis Barragán House and Studio Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve¹ Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacán
South East	Ancient Maya City and Protected Tropical Forests of Calakmul, Historic Fortified Town of Campeche Pre-Hispanic City of Chichén Itzá Sian Kaʼan Biosphere Reserve Pre-Hispanic Town of Uxmal
¹ Shared by more one region

v t e Protected areas of New Mexico
National Parks	Carlsbad Caverns White Sands
National Historical Parks	Chaco Culture Manhattan Project Pecos
National monuments	Aztec Ruins Bandelier Capulin Volcano El Malpais El Morro Fort Union Gila Cliff Dwellings Petroglyph Salinas Pueblo Missions
National Recreation Areas	Jemez (USFS)
National Trails	Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Old Spanish Trail Santa Fe Trail
National Forests	Apache–Sitgreaves Carson Cibola Coronado Gila Lincoln Santa Fe
National Grasslands	Kiowa
National Wildlife Refuges	Bitter Lake Bosque del Apache Grulla Las Vegas Maxwell San Andres Sevilleta Valle de Oro
National Conservation Areas	El Malpais Fort Stanton–Snowy River Cave
BLM National Monuments	Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks Organ Mountains–Desert Peaks Prehistoric Trackways Rio Grande del Norte
National Natural Landmarks	List of National Natural Landmarks in New Mexico
National Preserves	Valles Caldera
Wilderness	Aldo Leopold Apache Kid Bandelier Bisti/De-Na-Zin Blue Range Bosque del Apache Capitan Mountains Carlsbad Caverns Cebolla Chama River Canyon Columbine–Hondo Cruces Basin Dome Gila Latir Peak Manzano Mountain Ojito Pecos Sabinoso Salt Creek San Pedro Parks Sandia Mountain West Malpais Wheeler Peak White Mountain Withington
Wild and Scenic Rivers	East Fork Jemez River Pecos River Red River Rio Chama Rio Grande
State Parks	Bluewater Lake Bottomless Lakes Brantley Lake Caballo Lake Cerrillos Hills Cimarron Canyon City of Rocks Clayton Lake Conchas Lake Coyote Creek Eagle Nest Lake El Vado Lake Elephant Butte Lake Fenton Lake Heron Lake Hyde Memorial Leasburg Dam Living Desert Zoo and Gardens Manzano Mountains Mesilla Valley Bosque Morphy Lake Navajo Lake Oasis Oliver Lee Memorial Pancho Villa Percha Dam Rio Grande Nature Center Rockhound Santa Rosa Lake Storrie Lake Sugarite Canyon Sumner Lake Ute Lake Villanueva
New Mexico Department of Energy, Minerals, and Natural Resources

v t e Spanish / Hispanic Colonial architecture articles
Notable historic centers	Agaña Antigua Guatemala Albuquerque Arequipa Bogotá Campeche Cartagena de Indias Cebú Cienfuegos Coro Cuenca Cuernavaca Cusco Granada Guanajuato Havana Iloílo La Paz León Los Ángeles Lima Malabo Malolos Manila Mexico City Mompox Morelia New Orleans Oaxaca Old Panamá Panamá City Popayán Puebla Quito Saint Augustine San Antonio San Diego San Fernando San Francisco San Juan San Luis Potosí San Miguel de Allende Santa Cruz de la Sierra Santa Fe Santiago de Chile Santiago de Cuba Santo Domingo Sucre Taal Tayabas Trujillo Veracruz Vigan Zacatecas Zamboanga
Spanish missions	List of Spanish missions
Lists of buildings	Oldest
Cathedrals	Argentina Bolivia Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador Guam Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Puerto Rico United States Arizona California Florida Louisiana Texas Uruguay Venezuela
Churches and monasteries	Baroque Churches of the Philippines Bohol Chiloé Mendicant monasteries in Mexico Popocatépetl
Fortifications	Presidio Caribbean coast of Panama Coasts of Chile Philippines Santo Domingo
Bridges and roads	Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Tayabas
Other building types	Alhóndiga Bahay na bato Balconies of Lima Bullring Convent Hacienda Haciendas in the Valley of Ameca Cabildo Colonial universities in Hispanic America Colonial universities in the Philippines Plaza
Architecture types	Baroque Andean Churrigueresque Earthquake Mexican Chilotan Monterey Colonial Neoclassical Renaissance Rococo Territorial
Modern Revival styles	California Churrigueresque Revival Mission Revival Spanish Colonial Revival Territorial Revival