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Charlie Hebdo issue No. 1011

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A cartoon of a bearded, turbanned man
Issue No. 1011 cover of Charlie Hebdo, renamed Charia Hebdo ("Sharia Hebdo"). The speech balloon shows Muhammad saying, "100 lashes if you don't die laughing".

Charlie Hebdo issue No. 1011 is an issue of the French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo published on 2 November 2011. Several attacks against Charlie Hebdo followed, including an arson attack at its headquarters, motivated by the issue's cover caricature of Muhammad, whose depiction is prohibited in some of interpretations of Islam. The issue's subtitle Charia Hebdo references Islamic sharia law.

Context

2011 saw a number of demonstrations and protests in countries in the Arab world that have been dubbed the Arab Spring. They brought about the fall of governments in such countries as Egypt, Tunisia, and Libya. In October 2011, following the Tunisian Revolution, Tunisian voters gave the Islamist Ennahdha party 41.5% of the seats in the Constituent Assembly of Tunisia.[1][2] The runners-up, Hamadi Jebali, were in favour of sharia law but did not plan to implement it.[2]

Photograph of a man in a suit
President of the National Transitional Council in Libya, Mustafa Abdul Jalil, announced "the adoption of sharia as an essential law" in 2011.

On 23 October 2011, three days after the death of Muammar Gaddafi, the president of the National Transitional Council in Libya, Mustafa Abdul Jalil, announced "the adoption of sharia as an essential law". The next day, he stated "we are moderate Muslims", but added, "Sharia, supported by a verse of the Koran, allows polygamy".[3]

Charia Hebdo

On 31 October 2011, issue No. 1011 of the satirical French newspaper Charlie Hebdo left the presses two days before its official publication date. The issue was retitled Charia Hebdo in facetious celebration of Ennahdha's election victory. It elicited mixed reactions in social media.[4] Muhammad, the founder of Islam, appears on the cover saying, "100 lashes if you do not die laughing!" in a caricature by cartoonist Luz.[5]

The issue announced, "To fittingly celebrate the victory of the Islamist Ennahda party in Tunisia ... Charlie Hebdo has asked Muhammad to be the special editor-in-chief of its next issue", the magazine said in a statement ... The prophet of Islam didn't have to be asked twice and we thank him for it."[6] It featured an editorial purportedly by Muhammad "Halal Aperitif" and a women's supplement called "Madam Sharia".[7] 110,000 copies were sold of the issue on its day of publication and its management announced a reprinting.[8]

Attacks

Arson at the Charlie Hebdo offices

The headquarters of Charlie Hebdo after the arson of 2 November 2011
Cartoonist Luz in front of the burned offices of Charlie Hebdo.

During the night of 1 November 2011 the Charlie Hebdo offices at 62 boulevard Davout in the 20th arrondissement of Paris were burned down with a Molotov cocktail. Patrick Pelloux, who writes a column for the weekly, announced that "everything was destroyed".[9] Charlie Hebdo management said the fire was related to the publication of Charia Hebdo, and added they had "received quite a few letters of protest, threats, and insults on Twitter and Facebook".[10]

Nicolas Demorand, the managing editor of the newspaper Libération, invited the Charlie Hebdo staff to set themselves up in the Libération offices.[11] The following day, a four-page supplement dedicated to the catoons of Charlie Hebdo appeared in Libération.[12]

On 3 November, Charlie Hebdo's manager Charb, managing editor Riss, and cartoonist Luz were placed under police protection.[13]

Cracking of the Charlie Hebdo website

Charlie Hebdo's website was cracked twice on the day of the issue's publication. The welcome page was replaced by a message in English and Turkish saying, "You keep abusing Islam's almighty Prophet with disgusting and disgraceful cartoons using excuses of freedom of speech. ... Be God's Curse On You! We will be Your Curse on Cyber World!"[14][15]

The following day the Turkish hacker group Akıncılar took credit for the attack. The group targets publications that it believes attacks its values or that it deems "pornographic or Satanic". The group asserted it had nothing to do with the burning of the Charlie Hebdo offices, and that it did not support acts of violence.[16][17]

On 3 November, the company Bluevision, which hosted the site, refused to put it back online following death threats it received.[18] The following day Charlie Hebdo began a blog at charliehebdo.wordpress.com.[19]

Threats on the Charlie Hebdo Facebook page

Facebook suspended Charlie Hebdo's page on the site after users left numerous threatening messages on it. Facebook's official explanation was that Charlie Hebdo was not an actual person, and that the page contravened rules proscribing graphic content.[20]

Reactions

French Minister of the Interior Claude Guéant makes a public statement at the location of the arson.

2015 terrorist attack

Main article: Charlie Hebdo shooting

On 7 January 2015, two Islamist terrorists stormed the Charlie Hebdo offices and killed twelve. Afterwards, they reportedly declared, "We have avenged the Prophet Muhammad. We have killed Charlie Hebdo!"[21] Among the victims were cartoonists Cabu, Charb, Honoré, Tignous, Georges Wolinski, and the economist Bernard Maris.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Élections en Tunisie : incidents anti-Ennahdha après l'annonce des résultats" sur Le Parisien, 27 October 2011
  2. ^ a b Auffray, Élodie. "Tunisie : Hamadi Jebali (Ennahdha), le nouvel homme fort" Le Journal du Dimanche, 29 October 2011
  3. ^ Nougayrède, Natalie. "La Libye, la charia et l'embarras occidental". Le Monde, 27 October 2011
  4. ^ "La polémique s'amplifie autour du prochain numéro de Charlie Hebdo". Le Parisien. 31 October 2011
  5. ^ Martin, Jean-Christophe. "De Charlie à Charia Hebdo". France Info. 1 November 2011
  6. ^ "Quand 'Charlie Hebdo' devient 'Charia Hebdo'". Nouvelobs interactif. 31 October 2011
  7. ^ "Charlie Hebdo se rebaptise Charia Hebdo". Le Figaro, 1 November 2011
  8. ^ Bellver, Julien. "Charlie Hebdo en rupture de stock". PureMédias. 3 November 2011
  9. ^ M.-E. & W.-J., "Paris : Les locaux de 'Charlie Hebdo' incendiés au cocktail molotov". France-Soir. 2 November 2011
  10. ^ "Les locaux de Charlie Hebdo détruits dans la nuit par un incendie criminel". Nouvelobs interactif. 2 November 2011
  11. ^ Demorand invite la rédaction de Charlie Hebdo à s'installer à Libération sur Le Point. 2 November 2011
  12. ^ Berretta, Emmanuel. "Charlie Hebdo revient dès demain dans Libération". Le Point. 2 November 2011
  13. ^ "Trois «Charlie» sous protection policière". Libération. 3 November 2011
  14. ^ Manenti, Boris. "Piratage du site de "Charlie Hebdo" : une piste turque ?". Nouvelobs interactif. 2 November 2011
  15. ^ Guerrier, Philippe. "CharlieHebdo.fr : victime d’un piratage au nom de la charia". NetMediaEurope. 2 November 2011
  16. ^ Manenti, Boris. "Des hackers turcs revendiquent le piratage de Charlie Hebdo". Nouvelobs interactif. 3 November 2011
  17. ^ "La cyberattaque contre Charlie Hebdo revendiquée par un groupe turc". Le Monde interactif. 3 November 2011
  18. ^ Julien L. "Charlie Hebdo : menacé de mort, l'hébergeur n'a pas remis le site en ligne". Numerama. 3 November 2011
  19. ^ "Faute de retrouver son site, Charlie Hebdo créé un blog". Le Point. 4 November 2011
  20. ^ "Charlie Hebdo : le compte Facebook bloqué, l'hebdo réimprimé". Ouest-France (in French). 4 November 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  21. ^ "Les deux tireurs étaient là pour 'venger le prophète'". I-Télé. 7 January 2015
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