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Crane vessel

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Wind Lift I at the harbor in Emden, Germany

A crane vessel, crane ship or floating crane is a ship with a crane specialized in lifting heavy loads. The largest crane vessels are used for offshore construction. Conventional monohulls are used, but the largest crane vessels are often catamaran or semi-submersible types as they have increased stability. On a sheerleg crane, the crane is fixed and cannot rotate, and the vessel therefore is manoeuvered to place loads.

History

In medieval Europe, crane vessels which could be flexibly deployed in the whole port basin were introduced as early as the 14th century.[1]

During the age of sail, the sheer hulk was used extensively as a floating crane for tasks that required heavy lift. At the time, the heaviest single components of ships were the main masts, and sheer hulks were essential for removing and replacing them, but they were also used for other purposes.

USS Kearsarge as Crane Ship No. 1

In 1920, the 1898-built battleship USS Kearsarge was converted to a crane ship when a crane with a capacity of 250 tons was installed. Later it was renamed Crane Ship No. 1.[2] It was used, amongst other things, to place guns and other heavy items on other battleships under construction. Another remarkable feat was the raising of the submarine USS Squalus in 1939.

In 1942, the crane ships a.k.a. "Heavy Lift Ships" SS Empire Elgar (PQ16), SS Empire Bard (PQ15), and SS Empire Purcell (PQ16) were sent to the Russian Arctic ports of Archangel, Murmansk and Molotovsk (since renamed Sererodvinsk). Their role was to enable the unloading of the Arctic convoys where port installations were either destroyed by German bombers or were non existent (as at Bakaritsa quay Archangel).[3][4][5]

In 1949, J. Ray McDermott had Derrick Barge Four built, a barge that was outfitted with a revolving crane capable of lifting 150 tons. The arrival of this type of vessel changed the direction of the offshore construction industry. Instead of constructing oil platforms in parts, jackets and decks could be built onshore as modules. For use in the shallow part of the Gulf of Mexico, the cradle of the offshore industry, these barges sufficed.

In 1963, Heerema converted a Norwegian tanker, Sunnaas, into a crane vessel with a capacity of 300 tons, the first one in the offshore industry that was ship-shaped. It was renamed Global Adventurer. This type of crane vessel was better adapted to the harsh environment of the North Sea.

SSCV Thialf in a Norwegian fjord

Semi-submersible giants

In 1978, Heerema had two semi-submersible crane vessels built, Hermod and Balder, each with one 2,000 ton and one 3,000 ton crane. Later both were upgraded to a higher capacity. This type of crane vessel was much less sensitive to sea swell, so that it was possible to operate on the North Sea during the winter months. The high stability also allowed for heavier lifts than was possible with a monohull. The larger capacity of the cranes reduced the installation time of a platform from a whole season to a few weeks. Inspired by this success similar vessels were built. In 1985 DB-102 was launched for McDermott, with two cranes with a capacity of 6,000 tons each. Micoperi ordered M7000 in 1986, designed with two cranes of 7,000 tons each.

However, due to an oil glut in the mid 1980s, the boom in the offshore industry was over, resulting in collaborations. In 1988, a joint venture between Heerema and McDermott was formed, HeereMac. In 1990 Micoperi had to apply for bankruptcy. Saipem – in the beginning of the 1970s a large heavy lift contractor, but only a small player in this field at the end of the 1980s – acquired M7000 from Micoperi in 1995, later renaming it Saipem 7000. In 1997 Heerema took over DB-102 from McDermott after discontinuation of their joint venture.[6] The ship was renamed Thialf and, after an upgrade in 2000 to twice 7,100 tons, it is now the largest crane vessel in the world.

Thialf can use both cranes to lift 14,200 t (14,000 long tons; 15,700 short tons) at a radius of 31.2 m (102 ft); in comparison, Saipem 7000 can use both cranes to lift a smaller load of 14,000 t (14,000 long tons; 15,000 short tons) at a wider radius of 41 m (135 ft).[7]

Lifting records

A heaviest single lift record was set in 2000 by Thialf for lifting the 11,883 t (11,695-long-ton; 13,099-short-ton) Shearwater topsides for Shell.[8][9] Saipem 7000 set a new record in October 2004 for the 12,150 t (11,960-long-ton; 13,390-short-ton) lift of Sabratha Deck.[10][11]

Under dynamic positioning, Saipem 7000 set another record in 2010 by lifting the 11,600 t (11,400-long-ton; 12,800-short-ton) BP Valhall Production topsides.[11]

Heavy lift vessels

Heavy Lift Vessels, sorted by capacity[12][13]
Vessel name Company Built Flag Lifting capacity (t) Type Identifier Image
Thialf Heerema Marine Contractors 1985 Panama 14,200[14] (7,100 + 7,100 tandem, revolving) Semi-submersible IMO number: 8757740
Saipem 7000 Saipem 1987 The Bahamas 14,000[15] (7,000 + 7,000 tandem, revolving) Semi-submersible IMO number: 8501567
Hyundai-10000 Hyundai Heavy Industries 2015 South Korea 10,000[16] Sheerleg Monohull MMSI number: 440680000
Svanen Van Oord 1991 The Bahamas 8,700[17] Sheerleg Catamaran IMO number: 9007453
Hermod Heerema Marine Contractors 1978 Panama 8,100[18] (4,500 + 3,600 tandem; 4,500 + 2,700 revolving) Semi-submersible (scrapped) IMO number: 7710214
Lan Jing CNOOC 1990 Hong Kong 7,500[19] (4,000 revolving) Monohull IMO number: 8907527
VB-10,000 Versabar Inc. 2010 United States 6,800[20] Catamaran MMSI number: 367490050
Balder Heerema Marine Contractors 1978 Panama 6,300[21] (3,600 + 2,700 tandem; 3,000 + 2,000 revolving) Semi-submersible IMO number: 7710226
Asian Hercules III Asian Lift (Keppel Fels/Smit International JV) 2015 Singapore 5,000[22] Sheerleg Monohull IMO number: 9660396
Seven Borealis Subsea 7 2012 The Bahamas 5,000[23] Monohull IMO number: 9452787
Oleg Strashnov Seaway Heavy Lifting 2011 Cyprus 5,000[24] Monohull IMO number: 9452701
HL 5000 Deep Offshore Technology ? Iran 4,500[25] Sheerleg Barge
Oceanic 5000 Oceanic Marine Contractors 2011 Barbados 4,400[26] Monohull IMO number: 9559145
Kaisho
(海翔) 		Yorigami Maritime Construction Co., Ltd. ? Japan 4,100[27] Sheerleg Barge
Aegir[28][29] Heerema Marine Contractors 2012 Panama 4,000[30] Monohull IMO number: 9605396
Gulliver Scaldis 2018 Luxembourg 4,000[31] (2,000 + 2,000 tandem) Sheerleg Barge IMO number: 9774094
Yosho
(洋翔) 		Yorigami Maritime Construction Co., Ltd. ? Japan 4,000[32] Sheerleg Barge
DB 50 J. Ray McDermott 1986 Panama 3,800[33] (3,200 revolving) Monohull IMO number: 8503539
Lan Jiang CNOOC 2001 China 3,800[34] (2,500 revolving) Monohull IMO number: 9245641
Swiber Kaizen 4000 Swiber Offshore 2012 Panama 3,800[35] Monohull MMSI number: 357978000
Musashi Fukada Salvage & Marine Works Co., Ltd. 1974 Japan 3,700[36] Sheerleg Barge
Yoshida No. 50
(第５０吉田号) 		Yoshida Gumi, Ltd. ? Japan 3,700[37] Sheerleg Barge
L 3601 Sembcorp Marine 2012 Singapore 3,600[38] Sheerleg Barge
OOS Gretha OOS International 2012 Marshall Islands 3,600[39] (1,800 + 1,800 tandem) Semi-submersible IMO number: 9650963
Samho 4000 Samho Ind. Co. Ltd 2009 South Korea 3,600[40] Sheerleg Barge MMSI number: 440111280
Rambiz Scaldis 1976 Belgium 3,300[41] (1,700 + 1,600 tandem) Sheerleg Barge IMO number: 9136199
Asian Hercules II Asian Lift (Keppel Fels/Smit International JV) 1985 Singapore 3,200[42] Sheerleg Monohull IMO number: 8639297
DB 101 (ex-Narwhal) J. Ray McDermott 1978 Saint Kitts and Nevis 3,200[12] Semi-submersible (scrapped) IMO number: 7709069
Saipem Constellation Saipem 2014 Panama 3,000[43] Monohull IMO number: 9629756
Fuji Fukada Salvage & Marine Works Co., Ltd. ? Japan 3,000[36] Sheerleg Barge
Yoshida No. 28
(第２８吉田号) 		Yoshida Gumi, Ltd. ? Japan 3,000[44] Sheerleg Barge
Swiber PJW3000 Swiber Offshore 2010 Panama 3,000[35] Barge MMSI number: 370210000
Wei Li Shanghai Salvage 2010 China 3,000[45] Monohull IMO number: 9597628
SADAF 3000 Darya Fan Qeshm Industries Company 1985 Iran 3,000[46] Sheerleg Barge IMO number: 8415512
Samho 3000 Samho Ind. Co. Ltd ? South Korea 3,000[47] Sheerleg Barge MMSI number: 440121590
Bokalift 1 Boskalis 2018 Cyprus 3,000[48] Monohull IMO number: 9592850
DB 30 J. Ray McDermott 1999 Panama 2,794[49] (2,223 revolving) Monohull MMSI number: 356011000
LTS 3000 L&T-SapuraCrest JV[50] 2010 India 2,722[51] Monohull IMO number: 9446843
Sapura 3000 SapuraAcergy 2008 Malaysia 2,722[52] Monohull IMO number: 9391270
Stanislav Yudin Seaway Heavy Lifting 1985 Cyprus 2,500[53] Monohull IMO number: 8219463
Lewek Champion EMAS Chiyoda Subsea 2007 Singapore 2,200[54] Monohull IMO number: 9377377
Suruga Fukada Salvage & Marine Works Co., Ltd. ? Japan 2,200[36] Sheerleg Barge
Taklift 4 Smit International 1981 Netherlands 2,200[13] Sheerleg Barge IMO number: 8010506
Saipem 3000 Saipem 1984 The Bahamas 2,177[55] revolving Monohull IMO number: 8309165
DB 27 J. Ray McDermott 1974 Panama 2,177[56] (1,270 revolving) Barge IMO number: 8757685
Kongo Fukada Salvage & Marine Works Co., Ltd. ? Japan 2,050[36] Sheerleg Barge
Quippo Prakash MDL/Quippo/Sapura JV 2010 ? 2,000[57] Monohull
NOR Goliath Coastline Maritime 2009 Marshall Islands 2,000[58] Monohull IMO number: 9396933
Sampson Coastline Maritime 2010 Panama 2,000[58] Monohull IMO number: 9429455
Kumyong No.2200 Kum Yong Development Co., Ltd 2009 South Korea 2,000[59] Sheerleg Barge MMSI number: 440011970
Huasteco Grupo Protexa 1960 Mexico 1,800[60] Monohull IMO number: 5377953
Tolteca CAMSA 1955 Mexico 1,800[61] Monohull IMO number: 5320522
Matador 3 Bonn Mees 2002 Netherlands 1,800[62] Sheerleg Barge IMO number: 9272137
Samho 2000 Samho Ind. Co. Ltd ? ? 1,800[63] Sheerleg Barge
Left Coast Lifter Fluor/American Bridge/Granite/Traylor Brothers JV 2009 United States 1,699[64] Sheerleg Barge
Asian Hercules Asian Lift (Keppel Fels/Smit International JV) 1985 Singapore 1,600[65] Sheerleg Barge MMSI number: 563314000
DLB1600 Valentine Maritime Gulf 2013 Panama 1,600[66] (1,200 revolving) Barge IMO number: 9681651
Shinsho-1600
(神翔-1600) 		Yorigami Maritime Construction Co., Ltd. ? Japan 1,600[67] Monohull
Planned / Under Construction
Vessel name Company Year Lifting capacity Type
OOS Zeelandia OOS International 2022 24,000[68] (12,000 + 12,000 tandem) Semi-submersible
Sleipnir Heerema Marine Contractors 2019 20,000[69] (10,000 + 10,000 tandem) Semi-submersible
OOS Serooskerke OOS International Q2 2019 4,400[70] (2,200 + 2,200 tandem) Semi-submersible
OOS Walcheren OOS International Q4 2019 4,400[71] (2,200 + 2,200 tandem) Semi-submersible

See also

References

  1. ^ Michael Matheus: "Mittelalterliche Hafenkräne," in: Uta Lindgren (ed.): Europäische Technik im Mittelalter. 800-1400, Berlin 2001 (4th ed.), p. 346 ISBN 3-7861-1748-9
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  4. ^ navsource.org, TD- Cranes
  5. ^ navalhistory.org, By Jon Hoppe
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  9. ^ Liu, Gengshen; Li, Huajun (2017). "1: Offshore Platform Topsides and Substructure". Offhsore Platform Integration and Floatover Technology. Beijing: Science Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-7-03-051206-2. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  10. ^ Beckman, Jeremy (1 February 2005). "Libya gas export project sets records". Offshore. Retrieved 21 March 2018. In the event, the deck sailed out of Ulsan on Sept. 28, 2004, weighing 12,100 tonnes, including rigging, having been skidded onto the Dockwise transportation vessel Transshelf using hydraulic and strand jacks.

    On Oct. 30, the Transshelf arrived at the offshore site, following a four-week voyage via the Suez Canal. Two days later, the Saipem 7000 mated the deck to the jacket in a four-hour operation. Certifying authority Lloyd's Register confirmed the weight as a world record for a single lift offshore. However, Saipem should top its own achievement later this year when the same vessel lifts the Piltun platform topsides into place offshore Sakhalin Island.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Floating cranes.
  • A Gigantic Muscle of Steel: it picks up a sunken tugboat from the harbor bottom as easily as you'd lift ten pounds off the floor, Popular Science monthly, February 1919, page 67, Scanned by Google Books
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